class-10 political science

1. DEMOCRACY AND DIVERSITY

2. A Story From Mexico Olympic
The medal ceremony of the 200 meters races in
the 1968 olympics held at Mexico city.

3. Civil Rights Movement in the US
• The story depicts an important landmark in
the history of the Civil Right Movement in the
US
• Tommie Smith – Gold Medal
• John Carlos - Bronze Medal
• Peter Norman - Silver Medal

4. • US athletes
• Tommie Smith(Gold
Medal) and
• John Carlos (Bronze
Medal)
• They are African
Americans.
• Standing with
clenched fists
upraised and heads
bowed, while the
American national
anthem was played.

5. African Americans or Black Americans
• This term refer mainly to decedents of
African who were brought into America
as slaves between 17th century

6. Gesture shown by three athletes
• To represent black poverty – They received
medals wearing black socks and no shoe.
• To symbolize black power – black gloved and
raised clenched fists.
• To show his support – Australian athlete
Norman wore a human right badge on his
shirt
• Their main objective – to drew international
attention to racial discrimination in the
United States.

7. Reaction of International Olympic
Association
• IOA held both guilty of violating the spirit by
making a political statement.
• Their medals were taken back.
• Back home, they were subjected to a lot of
criticism.
• Peter Norman was not included in the
Australian team for the next Olympic.

8. Successful Result
• Their action succeeded in gaining
international attention for the Civil Rights
Movement in US.
• The San Jose, State University of which they
were former students, honoured them and
installed their statue in the University campus.
• 2006, Norman died- Smith and Carlos were
pallbearers at the funeral.

9. Civil Rights Movement

10. The civil right movement led by
Martin Luther King Junior (1929-1968)
• The movement aimed at abolishing legal
racial discrimination against African
Americans
• This movement practiced non violent
methods of civil disobedience against
racially discriminatory laws.

11. Differences, Similarities, Divisions

12. Origin of social differences
• Social differences are mostly based on
accident of birth.

13. •People around us are male or female, they are tall and
short having different physical abilities or disabilities.
• Take examples of Sri Lanka and Belgium.

14. Differences based on choice
• Some differences are based on our choice.
• Atheists-Some people don’t believe in god or
any religion.
• Some people choose to follow a religion other
than the one in which they were born.
• Some choose what to study, which occupation
to take up.

15. Social differences does not lead to
social division
• Social division divide similar people from one
another but unite very different people.
• People belonging to different social groups
share differences and similarities cutting
across the boundaries.
• For eg: three athletes of Mexico Olympic 1968

16. • People belonging to the same community or
religion but still they feel different.
• Rich and poor persons from the same often do
not keep close relations with each other.
• We all have more than one identity and can
belong to more than one social group.

17. Social division takes under the
following circumstances
• Due to overlapping differences
• Due to cross cutting differences
• Due to migration

18. Overlapping differences
• Social division takes when some social
differences overlaps with each other
differences.
• Social division occurs, when one kind of social
difference becomes more important than the
other and people start feeling that they
belong to different communities.

19. The differences between blacks and whites
in US.
Reason: The blacks were poor and
homeless and discriminated.

20. In India, Dalit tend to be poor and landless
so they face discrimination and injustice.

21. Cross-cutting social differences
• It means that groups that share a
common interest on one issue likely to be
in different side on different issue.

22. Example of Overlap and Cross cut

23. Two countries: Northern Ireland and
Netherland
1. In Northern Ireland, class and religion overlap with
eachother.
• Religion predominant : Christian
• but divided between Catholics and Protestants
• Catholic to be poor and suffered a history discrimination.
2. In Netherland, class and religion tend to cut across each
other.
• Catholics and Protestants, equally likely to be poor or rich

24. Result
• Northern Ireland:- conflict between Catholics
and Protestant.
• Netherland:-they don’t do so.
• Therefore,
Overlapping:-this creates possibilities of deep
social division and tensions
Crosscutting :-this kind of social differences
are easier to accommodate.

25. Do the social division in a country
depend upon its size
• Social division one kind or other exist in most
of the countries.
• INDIA is a vast country with many
communities.
• BELGIUM is a small country with many
communities.

26. Homogeneous Society
• Homogeneous society is that society whose
people are of same kind and where there is no
value of ethnic difference.
• Example:- Germany and Sweden

27. Migrations and its impacts
• Migration :- Shifting of people from one
region to another within country or to other
country, usually for work or other economic
opportunities is known as migration.
• Impact :- the process of migration is
converting homogeneous countries to
heterogeneous countries because migrants
bring with them their own culture and tend to
form a different social communities.