The document presents a study on demarcating groundwater potential zones in North Orissa University, India using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The study area experiences drought and water scarcity issues. The objectives are to understand aquifer nature and movement, and prepare a groundwater development plan. Various data layers like geology, soil, land use are integrated in GIS after assigning weights. The resulting map categorizes the area into very good, good, moderate and poor potential zones. The techniques minimize time and cost for quick decision making on sustainable water resource management.

1. Presented
by
Dr. Debabrata Nandi
Mail : debabrata.gis@gmail.com
North Orissa University,Sriram chandra Vihar Takatpur,
Baripada. Mayurhanj. Odisha757003
Demarcation of Ground Water Potential
Zones Using Remote Sensing & GIS

2. INTRODUCTION
 Ground water, which is defined as the water which occurs beneath the surface of
the earth within saturated zones where the hydrostatic force is equal to or greater
than the atmospheric pressure
 The movement and occurrences of groundwater is complex and erratic nature in
crystalline basement Hard rock terrains
 Groundwater development in fractured hard rock aquifers has always assumed a
secondary in porosity and permeability resulting from folding, faulting, fracturing
etc.
 Remote sensing techniques and Geographic Information System (GIS) have opened
new paths in groundwater studies.
 Remote sensing with its advantages of spatial, spectral and temporal availability of
data covering large and inaccessible areas within short time has become a very
useful tool for Groundwater potential zone
 Remote sensing and GIS techniques have successfully applied for groundwater
prospecting and recharge sites and integrated remote sensing and GIS techniques
have been used to delineate groundwater potential zones

3. Need of the Study
1. The study area frequently experiences drought because of
the erratic nature of rainfall over space and time.
2. The agricultural lands, which are mostly rain fed bear the
adverse effects of drought resulting in loss of crop.
3. Surface water irrigation is limited and not dependable due to
vagaries of monsoon rainfall.
4. Mining activities has also affected the groundwater regime.
5. Hence, there is a need of groundwater exploitation to save
the crop and to provide safe drinking water

4. Aims and Objectives
 To understand the nature of aquifers.
 To study the storage and movement of groundwater.
 To understand the role of geology, geomorphology ,structure
and the occurrence of groundwater.
To prepare a plan for groundwater development and
management.

5. STUDY AREA
•The study area is situated in the northern part of Odisha, between North Latitude 22°
02’58.721” to 22° 11’5.247”, and East Longitude 85° 57’58.019” to 86°13’42.169”.
•It covers an area of 30863.219 hac It fall in Survey of India toposheet no Nos. 73J/4
and 73F/16
•The Study area is Characterized by the presence of Granite and Epidiorite of pre-
Cambrians age.
•During the summer, the groundwater level in this block lowers beyond the economic
lift, which constitutes the main source of drinking water for this region.
•The study area is severely suffering with water scarcity, and the sustainability of
water supply is threatened.
•The water scarcity has a direct impact on the livelihood, health and sanitation of the
local people.

8. Remote sensing data
IRS LISS-III
Survey of India
Toposheet
Conventional data
Apply Pre processing
Techniques
GIS processing (digitized and building database
Drainage Geology slope Soil Land use Lineament
Raster conversion
Integration with GIS processing
Weight overlay analysis
Ground water potential map
Geomorphology
METHODLOGY

10. Drainage
Lithology
Rainfall Soil
Slope
Land use/Land cover
Lineaments
Major factor
Minor factor
RESULT & DISCUSSION

11. Factor Major effect (A) Minor Effect (B) Proposed
relative
Rate (A+B)
Lineaments 1+1 0 2
Land use 1+1 0.5+0.5+0.5 3.5
Lithology 1+1+1 0 3
Drainage 1 0.5 1.5
Slope 1+1 0.5 2.5
Rainfall 1 0.5 1.5
Soil 1 0 1
Table 3.4 Effect of influencing factor, relative rates and score for each potential factor

12. GROUNDWATER BUDGETING (KUSUMI BLOCK)
1. Gross Groundwater Resource 2906.66 HM
2. Net Utilisable Resources (70% of
Gross)
2034.662 HM
1. Gross Groundwater Draft (Annual) 596 HM
2. Net Groundwater Draft (70% of Gross) 417.2 HM
Groundwater Balance 1617.46 HM
Stage of Development 20.50 %
Category White/Safe
1. Domestic and Drinking (10% of
Balance)
161.74 HM
2. Available for irrigation 1455.72 HM
DRAFT

16. Field Photographs Geomorphic
unit
Image elements Landform Characteristics (Ground observation) Ground water
Potential
Structural hills Dark red tone coarse
texture irregular shape
Linear to arcuate hills, dissected, rocks, mostly dendritic
drainage, jointed ridges, average height 300 m.
VERY POOR
Denudational
hills
Dull red tone, coarse
texture irregular shape
Granite, dendritic drainage, moderate to steep slopes,
sparse vegetation
VERY POOR
Residual hills Dark gray tone, coarse
texture, shape and size-
irregular and rounded
Erosional surfaces, isolated mounds which have
undergone the process of denudation, Steep slopes, radial
drainage act as runoff zones
VERY POOR
Pediments Light red to red tone,
moderate to fine texture
Gentle to moderate slopes, devoid of vegetation with
various depths of weathering material, shallow sediment
covers rocky and gravel surfaces,
POOR
Plateau Dark red tone coarse
texture irregular shape
Table land shaped hill with a flat surface at the top with
sloping sides.
VERY POOR

17. Geomorphic unit Image elements Landform Characteristics (Ground observation) GROUND WATER
PROSPECTS
Area in Hac
Structural hills Dark red tone coarse texture
irregular shape
Linear to actuate hills, dissected, granitic rocks,
mostly dendritic drainage, jointed ridges, average
height 300 m. Strong to very steep slopes
VERY POOR 849.17
Denudational hills Dull red tone, coarse texture
irregular shape
Weathered granite, dendritic drainage, moderate to
steep slopes, sparse vegetation
VERY POOR 2396.13
Residual hills Dark gray tone, coarse
texture, shape and size-
irregular and rounded
Erosional surfaces, isolated mounds which have
undergone the process of denudation, Steep slopes,
radial drainage act as runoff zones
VERY POOR 6.68
Pediments Light red to red tone,
moderate to fine texture
Gentle to moderate slopes, devoid of vegetation with
various depths of weathering material, shallow
sediment covers rocky and gravel surfaces, dendritic
to sub-dendritic drainage, mostly vegetated or
cultivated lying at the foot hills
MODERATE 7537.39
Shallow Weathered
pediplains
Green-bluish mixed tone,
moderate to fine texture
These units are characterized by the presence of
relatively thicker weathered material. The thickness of
the weathered material is (up to 5 m. These
hydrogeomorphic units are developed mostly upon
Mayurbhanj Granite
MODERATE 17276.81
Intermountain Valley Green-bluish mixed tone,
moderate to fine texture
A linear or curvilinear depression, valley within the
hills, filled with alluvial deposits of IOG sediments
GOOD 103.24
Plateau Dark red tone coarse texture
irregular shape
Table land shaped hill with a flat surface at the top
with sloping sides
VERY POOR 2232.8

29. Delineation of groundwater potential zones in the study area using Remote sensing and GIS
techniques is found efficient to minimize the TIME, LABOUR and MONEY and thereby enables
QUICK DICISSION for sustainable water resources management.
The various thematic layers are assigned proper weightage through MIF technique and then
integrated in the GIS environment to prepare the groundwater potential zone map of the study
area.
According to the groundwater potential zone map, the block is categorized into four different
zones, namely ‘very good’, ‘good’, ‘moderate’, ‘and ‘poor’.
The results of the present study can serve as guidelines for planning future artificial recharge
projects to ensure sustainable groundwater utilization.
This is an empirical method for the exploration of groundwater potential zones using remote
sensing and GIS and it succeeds in proposing potential sites for groundwater zones.
CONCLUSION

30. Reference
 Nandi. D., and Chatterjee .T, Text Book of Remote sensing and Cartography Kalyani Publisher ISBN: 978-93-272-
8413-3 (2018)
 Nandi. D., Sahu, P.C. and Goswami, S. (2017) Hydrogeomorphological Study in Bamanghaty Subdivision of
Mayurbhanj District, Odisha an Integrated Remote Sensing and GIS Approach. International Journal of Geosciences
, 8, 1361-1373. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2017.811079
 Sahu.PC (2017), groundwater resource conservation and Augmentation in hard rock terrain: an integrated
 Geological and geo-spatial approach international journal Of conservation science .Volume 8, Issue 1, 145-15
 Nandi. D., Sahu, P.C. and Hatai.B (2015) delineation of ground water prospects zones using Remote sensing and
GIS: a case study in Jashipur block of Odisha, india, International Journal of Advanced Research and Review.1(1),
2016; 57-70
 Nandi.D, Kant J., Sahu C.K.( 2015), Integrated approach using Remote Sensing and GIS for hydrogeology
ofMoroda Block in Mayurbhanj District, Odisha, India, International Journal of Conservation Science, 6(3),pp. 383-
390.
 Nandi.D, Mishra .S.R.,(2014), Groundwater quality mapping by using geographic information system (GIS): A case
study of Baripada city, Odisha, India, International Journal of Conservation Science, 5(1), pp. 79-84
 Rokade, V.M., Kundal, P., Joshi, A.K., (2007). Groundwater potential modeling through remote sensing
 and GIS: A case study from Rajura Taluka, Chandrapur District, Maharashtra. Journal of Geological Society of
India. 69 (5), 943-948.
 Saraf AK, Choudhury PR (1998) Integrated remote sensing and GIS for groundwater exploration and identification
of artificial recharge sites. International Journal Of Remote Sensing 19(10),pp.1825–1841.
 Sander P, Chesley MM, Minor TB (1996) Groundwater assessment using remote sensing and GIS in a
ruralgroundwater project in Ghana: lessons learned. Hydrogeol J 4(3),pp.40–49