A Brief History of Museum Movement in India Virag Sontakke
This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic information on museum movement in India . This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective books and research article.
It is an introduction to Archaeology and the recovery of social history of India through Archaeological sources. In this presentation i only sad about Prehistoy, Protohistory and Early History of India through Archaeological sources. I hope it will help you all to know more about archaeology and early history of India.
Method of Excavations and Explorations.pptxVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) was a Bronze Age civilisation (3300–1300 BCE; mature period 2600–1600 BCE) mainly in the northwestern regions of the South Asia, extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India.
Along with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia it was one of three early civilisations of the Old World, and of the three, the most widespread.
It flourished in the basins of the Indus River, which flows through the length of Pakistan, and along a system of perennial, mostly monsoon-fed, rivers that once coursed in the vicinity of the seasonal Ghaggar-Hakra river in northwest India and eastern Pakistan.
This is 'Introduction to Archaeological Anthropology' which compiled Mr. Kebede Lemu (Lecturer of Social Anthropology). Therefore, read it and use it for all academic purpose
A Brief History of Museum Movement in India Virag Sontakke
This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic information on museum movement in India . This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective books and research article.
It is an introduction to Archaeology and the recovery of social history of India through Archaeological sources. In this presentation i only sad about Prehistoy, Protohistory and Early History of India through Archaeological sources. I hope it will help you all to know more about archaeology and early history of India.
Method of Excavations and Explorations.pptxVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) was a Bronze Age civilisation (3300–1300 BCE; mature period 2600–1600 BCE) mainly in the northwestern regions of the South Asia, extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India.
Along with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia it was one of three early civilisations of the Old World, and of the three, the most widespread.
It flourished in the basins of the Indus River, which flows through the length of Pakistan, and along a system of perennial, mostly monsoon-fed, rivers that once coursed in the vicinity of the seasonal Ghaggar-Hakra river in northwest India and eastern Pakistan.
This is 'Introduction to Archaeological Anthropology' which compiled Mr. Kebede Lemu (Lecturer of Social Anthropology). Therefore, read it and use it for all academic purpose
Collecting Social Memory through Museum Collection ConservationNikolaos Maniatis
The traditional role of the conservator has been associated with the preservation of the tangible aspect of cultural heritage. Conservation science has been mainly developing along with material science and conservators have focused their efforts on the preservation of the tangible nature of artefacts. In numerous cases this practice has led to the underestimation of the intangible content of objects of cultural heritage in terms of the conservation methodology and practice applied.
The traditional conservation principle of minimal intervention is gaining new meaning, as we have come to realise that an artefact’s material and structural integrity interrelates and sometimes comes to conflict with possible evidence of significant historical and social memory content. As social memory is related to the experiences of individual members of the society, conservators must develop approaches of documentation and conservation methodologies in order to identify, document and eventually preserve the memory reflections of the epresented societies by preserving the artefact’s intangible content. It becomes apparent that in order to safeguard the artefacts’ social and historical integrity and contribute towards the perception, appreciation and understanding of the cultural heritage, the conservators have to preserve and document the artefact’s intangible content that reflects social memory.
Archaeology is the study of past human culture, behaviour, and cognition through material remains left from the past. Here, in this presentation basic introduction to archaeology is provided. Starts with the origin of the term archaeology and its definition. Then followed by data used in archaeological studies and archaeological process. Then the study area or the purpose is described. Finally the subdivisions or the branches of the discipline are discussed, then followed by a summary.
Discovering the Ancient Canvas: Exploring the Scientific Documentation Proces...Banaras Hindu University
Documenting rock art sites is crucial for preserving and understanding humanity's ancient cultural heritage. The presentation delves into the scientific documentation process of rock art, exploring its significance, methods, and implications for future generations. The presentation begins by defining documentation and its importance in recording and preserving rock art sites for posterity. It highlights the necessity of documentation, emphasising its role in safeguarding cultural heritage and facilitating scholarly research. The immense value of documentation for future generations is underscored, emphasising its role in preserving invaluable evidence of our ancestors' artistic expressions and cultural practices. Various documentation methods are discussed, from traditional approaches to modern scientific techniques. The presentation reviews previous attempts at rock art documentation, identifying important works and methodologies employed by scholars in the field. It outlines a comprehensive documentation process, starting with planning and preparation and ending with on-site data collection, analysis and off-site table work and lab analysis.
Case studies are presented to illustrate the application of the documentation process, providing insights into the practical aspects of rock art research. The presentation also discusses ethical considerations and guiding principles for conducting insightful and culturally sensitive rock art research. The importance of assembling a multidisciplinary team is emphasised, highlighting the diverse expertise required for a holistic understanding of rock art sites. Detailed lists of general accessories and scientific equipment are provided for field and laboratory work. The presentation offers a final mantra for successful rock art research, emphasising patience, in-depth site understanding, multidisciplinary collaboration, and ethical engagement with local communities. By adhering to these principles, researchers can contribute to preserving and interpreting humanity's ancient cultural heritage for generations to come.
This PPT is for educational purpose not for commercial and not even for API purpose.
This is prepared for the students of art, architecture and archaeology.
This presentation is prepared for the participants of the 'Art Apreciation' course conducted by Bihar Museum, Patna, Bihar on dated 15.05.2022 at 04:00-05:00 PM.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Definition, Aims, Scope and Relevance of Archaeology
1. Definition, Aims, Scope &
Relevance of Archaeology
Module-1:- Introduction to Archaeology
Sachin Kr. Tiwary
sachintiwary@bhu.ac.in
2. What we are going to discuss ?
1. Definition of Archaeology,
2. Aims of Archaeology,
3. Scope of Archaeology &
4. Relevance of Archaeology.
3.
4. 1. Definition of Archaeology-
The word archaeology comes from the Greek
- archaia/ archaeos (“ancient things”) &
-logos (“theory” or “science”).
Archaeology is a science involving the study of human past through material remains.
The study of the human past, through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material
remains and environmental data, including architecture, artifacts, biofacts, human
remains and landscapes.
Archaeology is the study of cultures that lived in the past. It is a subfield of anthropology,
the study of human cultures.
Archaeology is the study of human behavioural and cognitive systems to understand the
cultural changes or processes that happened in the past through material remains.
Archaeology is primarily concerned with reconstructing extinct cultures from the material
remains of past human behavior, or the things people made or used and left behind.
These remains are called artifacts.
An antiquity, according to the act, is an article or object over a 100 years old (75 years in
case of manuscripts and documents). Antiquities that must be registered if over a 100
years old. (Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972)
Antiquities includes sculptures in stone, terracotta, metals, ivory and bone, paintings,
manuscripts, textiles have been left out entirely from the legal definition of an antiquity.
5. 2. Aims/Goals/Focus of Archaeology
1. Archaeology is primarily concerned
with reconstructing extinct cultures from
the material remains of past human
behavior, or the things people made or
used and left behind.
2. The goals of archaeology are to document
and explain the origins and development of
human culture, understand culture history,
chronicle cultural evolution, and study
human behavior and ecology.
Aims of
Archaeology
Reconstructing
Cultural
History
Reconstructing
Past Life Ways
Explaining
Cultural
Process or
Change
Understanding
the
Archaeological
Record
What
(Cultural
History)
Where
(Cultural
History)
When
(Cultural
History)
How
(life way)
Why
(Culture
Process)
6. Aims of
Archaeology
Form
Function
Process
1. To consider the form of archaeological
evidence and its distribution in time and
space.
2. To determine the function of archaeological
evidence and thereby construct models of
ancient behaviour.
3. To delimit the process of culture and
determine how and why cultures change.
2. Aims of Archaeology
8. I. The scope of Archaeology is very broad. It
has various field of study like archives,
museology, numismatics, epigraphy, art,
architecture, iconography.
II. Archaeologist carry out various tasks like
initial fieldwork, Exploration, Salvage
excavation of sites and their categorization
besides dating and interpretation of
excavated materials.
III. Archaeologists study all physical traces
encountered both in excavations and
explorations as movable and immovable
objects and also tangible and intangible
evidences.
IV. Archaeologists follow certain specific
methods and a body of theories to get a
comprehensive picture of the material and
nonmaterial life of the people.
3. Scope of Archaeology
10. 4. Relevance of Archaeology
I. Archaeology has the potential to provide new information on
the human past, solidify one's ties to their social or national
heritage, and provide economic means to locations all across the
world.
II. There are many aspects of archaeology that yield practical
benefits in the present, from developing sites for cultural tourism
to creating the raw material for museum exhibits to promoting
social justice for marginalized groups.
III. The findings of an archaeologist unite the humanity, remove the
disparity, implant the scientific temper and advance the society
in all spheres of human life.
IV. For the advancement of humanity and open them to the
scholarly world and to the general public without any personal
benefit, a critical ingredient in scientific archaeology.
V. Many of the collectors and treasure hunters regard themselves as
legitimate archaeologists and it is the curse of the archaeology
today. Several south Indian bronzes, coins, copper plates and
sculptures were looted to meet the greed of the Museums of the
developed countries without understanding that they were
collecting a part of an endangered, rapidly vanishing and never be
replaced cultural heritage of a particular community or nation.