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“La Probabilidad”
Dr. Jorge Alejandro Obando Bastidas
Estadística
Descriptiva Probabilística
Se divide
en
Describe Parámetros
Diagnósticos
Experimenta Hipótesis
Conoce
Variables
Aleatorias
Determinísticas
Resultado final no
se puede predecir
Clima
Juegos de azar
Economía
El resultado final se
puede predecir
Caída libre
Fenómenos Aleatorios
Repite indefinidamente
en las mismas
condiciones
No predice
resultados
El resultado un conjunto
conocido de resultados posibles
¿Quien Ganara la Vacante?
Voto
Criterios personales
Conocimientos
Pruebas
Gana quien tenga mas posibilidades en
todos los aspectos
En la teoría de probabilidad se llama EXPERIMENTO a la
actividad que produce un evento o suceso.
Espacio Muestral
Es el conjunto de todos los posibles resultados de interés de un
experimento dado, y se le denota normalmente mediante la letra .
Experimento Espacio Muestral
 ={ C, S}
2 resultados posibles
 = { 1,2,3,4,5,6}
 = { 1,2,3,4,5 …10}
A = {1,2,3,5}
B={1,3,5}
A ∩B ={1,3,5}
A UB ={1,2,3,5}
A’= Ac
A’={4,6}
Evento Seguro: Se verifica después del
experimento, corresponde a los
elementos del espacio muestral
 =S n()= 
Evento Imposible: No se verifica como
resultado del experimento aleatorio,
la única posibilidad es que el evento
imposible sea el conjunto vacío.
{ } C 
Evento Compuesto: Es el evento E que
contiene más de un punto muestral de
, por tanto
A={Lanzar una moneda}
B={Lanzar un dado}
A U B es compuesto
Evento Complementario: El
Complemento de A, son todos aquellos
elementos que están por fuera del
mismo.
 
s tal que
c
A s A
=  
Evento Simple: hay
uno solo elemento
derivado del
espacio muestral
La
Cardinalidad
#
Definida como el
numero de elementos
que tiene un evento.
Si se lanza dos monedas
 ={cc,cs,sc,ss } #( )=4
A = {1,2,3,5}
#(A) = 4
 = { 1,2,3,4,5,6}
# =6
Hoy recibimos 445 pruebas negativas de
#Covid_19 y 248 positivas así: Villavicencio
(227), Granada (6), Acacías (3), Restrepo (3),
Puerto López (3), Fuentedeoro (2), Castilla la
Nueva (2), Puerto Gaitán (1) y Vista Hermosa
(1). Además 45 recuperados, 31
hospitalizados, 36 en UCI y 5 fallecidos.
#NoBajemosLaGuardia.
Ω = { (S,S,S), (S,S,C), (S,C,S), (C,S,S),
(C,C,S), (C,S,C), (S,C,C), (C,C,C) }
#(Ω) = 8, es el evento seguro.
C
C
C
S
S
S
Evento simple:
B:Que salgan tres sellos;
B ={ (S,S,S) } , #(B) = 1
Evento Simple:
E: Que salgan al menos dos sellos;
E = { (S,S,S), (S,S,C), (S,C,S), (C,S,S) },
#(E) = 4
S
S
C
S
C
S
C
C Evento compuesto
BUE=E
B ∩E ={S,S,S}
E’ ={ (C,C,S), (C,S,C), (S,C,C), (C,C,C) }
Espacio Muestral Ω
contiene
n puntos muestrales 2n subconjuntos
Se denomina Se denomina
Conjunto potencia
3950 personas
Vamos a medir la
audiencia en
televisión
1500 vieron
debate
2100 película
350 Hicieron
otra cosa
Tabla de doble entrada
OPERACIÓN EXPRESION DESCRIPCION
UNION A  B Unión de eventos originales: es el
evento que sucede si y solo si A sucede
o B sucede o ambos suceden
INTERSECCION A  B Intersección de los eventos originales,
es el evento que sucede si y sólo si A y
B suceden simultáneamente.
DIFERENCIA A - B La diferencia de los eventos originales
A y B, es el evento que sucede solo en
A pero no en B.
Complemento A´, Ac , ҧ
𝐴 El complemento corresponden a
aquellos elementos que no están en A
pero que están en el espacio muestral.
Gráficamente estas operaciones se pueden representar a través de
los diagramas de Venn. Sea Ω el espacio muestral y A y B eventos
tal que A, B  Ω gráficamente se puede expresar como:
Ω
A B
Ω
A B
A un festival artístico asistieron 150 personas, de
las cuales 80 cantan, 60 bailan, 30 no cantan ni
bailan
¿Cuántas cantan y bailan?
12
15
3
5
4
2
27
E
I
F
40 estudian
50 trabajan
10 estudian y trabajan
Grupo de 85 personas
Ahora una situación
problémica con profes
Dr. Jorge Alejandro Obando Bastidas
Email: Jorge.obandob@campusucc.edu.co
El virus se comporta aleatoriamente, usted no sabe,
como, cuando y donde puede contagiarse. Quedarse en
casa es la mejor forma de protegernos

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Definiciones probabilidad

  • 1. “La Probabilidad” Dr. Jorge Alejandro Obando Bastidas
  • 2. Estadística Descriptiva Probabilística Se divide en Describe Parámetros Diagnósticos Experimenta Hipótesis Conoce
  • 3. Variables Aleatorias Determinísticas Resultado final no se puede predecir Clima Juegos de azar Economía El resultado final se puede predecir Caída libre
  • 4. Fenómenos Aleatorios Repite indefinidamente en las mismas condiciones No predice resultados El resultado un conjunto conocido de resultados posibles
  • 5. ¿Quien Ganara la Vacante? Voto Criterios personales Conocimientos Pruebas Gana quien tenga mas posibilidades en todos los aspectos
  • 6. En la teoría de probabilidad se llama EXPERIMENTO a la actividad que produce un evento o suceso.
  • 7. Espacio Muestral Es el conjunto de todos los posibles resultados de interés de un experimento dado, y se le denota normalmente mediante la letra . Experimento Espacio Muestral  ={ C, S} 2 resultados posibles  = { 1,2,3,4,5,6}  = { 1,2,3,4,5 …10} A = {1,2,3,5} B={1,3,5} A ∩B ={1,3,5} A UB ={1,2,3,5} A’= Ac A’={4,6}
  • 8. Evento Seguro: Se verifica después del experimento, corresponde a los elementos del espacio muestral  =S n()=  Evento Imposible: No se verifica como resultado del experimento aleatorio, la única posibilidad es que el evento imposible sea el conjunto vacío. { } C  Evento Compuesto: Es el evento E que contiene más de un punto muestral de , por tanto A={Lanzar una moneda} B={Lanzar un dado} A U B es compuesto Evento Complementario: El Complemento de A, son todos aquellos elementos que están por fuera del mismo.   s tal que c A s A =   Evento Simple: hay uno solo elemento derivado del espacio muestral
  • 9. La Cardinalidad # Definida como el numero de elementos que tiene un evento. Si se lanza dos monedas  ={cc,cs,sc,ss } #( )=4 A = {1,2,3,5} #(A) = 4  = { 1,2,3,4,5,6} # =6
  • 10. Hoy recibimos 445 pruebas negativas de #Covid_19 y 248 positivas así: Villavicencio (227), Granada (6), Acacías (3), Restrepo (3), Puerto López (3), Fuentedeoro (2), Castilla la Nueva (2), Puerto Gaitán (1) y Vista Hermosa (1). Además 45 recuperados, 31 hospitalizados, 36 en UCI y 5 fallecidos. #NoBajemosLaGuardia.
  • 11. Ω = { (S,S,S), (S,S,C), (S,C,S), (C,S,S), (C,C,S), (C,S,C), (S,C,C), (C,C,C) } #(Ω) = 8, es el evento seguro. C C C S S S Evento simple: B:Que salgan tres sellos; B ={ (S,S,S) } , #(B) = 1 Evento Simple: E: Que salgan al menos dos sellos; E = { (S,S,S), (S,S,C), (S,C,S), (C,S,S) }, #(E) = 4 S S C S C S C C Evento compuesto BUE=E B ∩E ={S,S,S} E’ ={ (C,C,S), (C,S,C), (S,C,C), (C,C,C) }
  • 12. Espacio Muestral Ω contiene n puntos muestrales 2n subconjuntos Se denomina Se denomina Conjunto potencia
  • 13. 3950 personas Vamos a medir la audiencia en televisión 1500 vieron debate 2100 película 350 Hicieron otra cosa Tabla de doble entrada
  • 14. OPERACIÓN EXPRESION DESCRIPCION UNION A  B Unión de eventos originales: es el evento que sucede si y solo si A sucede o B sucede o ambos suceden INTERSECCION A  B Intersección de los eventos originales, es el evento que sucede si y sólo si A y B suceden simultáneamente. DIFERENCIA A - B La diferencia de los eventos originales A y B, es el evento que sucede solo en A pero no en B. Complemento A´, Ac , ҧ 𝐴 El complemento corresponden a aquellos elementos que no están en A pero que están en el espacio muestral.
  • 15. Gráficamente estas operaciones se pueden representar a través de los diagramas de Venn. Sea Ω el espacio muestral y A y B eventos tal que A, B  Ω gráficamente se puede expresar como: Ω A B Ω A B
  • 16.
  • 17. A un festival artístico asistieron 150 personas, de las cuales 80 cantan, 60 bailan, 30 no cantan ni bailan ¿Cuántas cantan y bailan?
  • 19. 40 estudian 50 trabajan 10 estudian y trabajan Grupo de 85 personas
  • 21. Dr. Jorge Alejandro Obando Bastidas Email: Jorge.obandob@campusucc.edu.co El virus se comporta aleatoriamente, usted no sabe, como, cuando y donde puede contagiarse. Quedarse en casa es la mejor forma de protegernos