Decision making involves selecting a course of action from alternatives to achieve predetermined objectives. It is a managerial function that facilitates business policies and efficient performance. Problem solving is concerned with overcoming obstacles and may or may not require action. It involves discovering, analyzing, and solving issues. Key aspects of decision making and problem solving include understanding the problem, developing alternatives, selecting the best option, and reviewing the results. Common techniques used are brainstorming, hypothesis testing, and trial and error.

1. decision making
and
problem solving

2.  Decision making is the selection from among
alternatives of a course of action.
Acc MC FARLAND
A decision is an act where in an executive forms
a conclusion about what must be done in a
given situation

3.  Decision are taken for fulfillment off
predetermined objectives.
 Decision may be positive or negative.
 Decision are not end but they are means to the
end.
 Decision is done by the concerned officers or
by a committee.
 Time is an important factor of decision making.

4.  It is a basis of business policies.
 It facilitates efficient performance of
managerial function.
 It helps in maintaining cordial industrial
relations.

5.  Understand the problem
 Analysis the problem
 Determining and developing the possible
alternatives
 Evaluation of alternatives
 Selection of the best alternatives
 Execution of decision
 Review and revision

6.  Principle of participation
 Principle of alternatives
 Principle of limiting factor
 Mathematical theory
 Psychological theory
 Marginal theory

7.  Traditional techniques
1:-Programmed decision
 habits
 standard operating procedures
 organizational structure
2:-Non programmed decision

8.  Programmed decision
 Defining the objectives
 Defining the problem
 Designing the hypothesis
 Collection of facts
 Working on different alternatives
 Taking decision

9.  Non programmed decision
 Creative technique
 Participative technique

10. What?
Where?
How?
When?
With whom?
Why?

11. Problem-solving is a mental process that involves
discovering, analyzing and solving problems.
Problem solving is concerned with overcoming
obstacles in the path toward an objective.
Problem solving may or may not require action.

12.  Structured problems
 Goals are well defined.
 Information about the problem is available and
complete.
 Unstructured problems
 Problems that are new or unusual and for
which information is ambiguous or incomplete.
 Problems that will require custom-made
solutions.

13.  Brainstorming
 Hypothesis testing
 Trial and error
 Reduction

14.  Identifying the problem
 Defining the problem
 Identifying Possible Solutions
 Selecting the Best Solutions
 Evaluating Solutions
 Develop an Action Plan
 Implement the Solution