The document discusses the endocrine system and its glands. It describes several important glands, including the pituitary gland, which is considered the "master gland" because it controls many other glands. It also discusses the thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, and ovaries. It explains the functions of hormones like insulin and how lifestyle choices can impact hormone levels and overall health. The document also provides a brief overview of the process from fertilization to birth.
The topic discussed here is the Human endocrine system and the various hormones and their functions, disorders of the endocrine system and their effects.
Glands are located throughout various parts of the human body. These glands take on the critical task of releasing hormones, and as a whole, they are most commonly referred to as the endocrine system.
The topic discussed here is the Human endocrine system and the various hormones and their functions, disorders of the endocrine system and their effects.
Glands are located throughout various parts of the human body. These glands take on the critical task of releasing hormones, and as a whole, they are most commonly referred to as the endocrine system.
Structure and Function of
I. Pituitary Gland
II. Thyroid Gland
III. Parathyroid Gland
IV. Adrenal Glands
V. Pancreas
VI. Sex Glands
VII. Thymus
VIII. Pineal Gland
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Govt. Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt. A. P
Phone: 9010705687
#FULLY EXPLAINED, BRIEF, TO THE POINT PPT
Endocrine system consist of gland secreting hormones essential for manitenance of homeostasis throughout the body.
HORMONES-
These are the chemical messengers that act to control and coordinate different functions of tissue and organs.
Various body activities like growth and development and metabolism are also regulated by hormones.
Endocrine glands are ductless glands, thus they release their product directly into the bloodstream, and are carried to their target cells.
Exocrine glands are duct gland they secrete their product into the duct, which are then transported to the bloodstream.
The endocrine system comprises of all the endocrine glands of the body like-
Pituitary gland gonads( testis and ovary)
Thyroid gland
Adrenal gland
pancreas gland
Parathyroid gland
Thymus gland
Endocrine Glands. Explaination of different glands.Function of different glands and the disorders caused by the alterations in the level of hormone secreted by the different glands.
The endocrine system is composed of organs positioned throughout the body in widely separated locations. Endocrinology is the study of the structure and functioning of the endocrine system.
Endocrine System and its glands in briefরেজা তানজিল
The endocrine system is a chemical messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating distant target organs. In humans, the major endocrine glands are the thyroid gland and the adrenal glands. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems. The study of the endocrine system and its disorders is known as endocrinology. Endocrinology is a branch of internal medicine.[1]
A number of glands that signal each other in sequence are usually referred to as an axis, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In addition to the specialized endocrine organs mentioned above, many other organs that are part of other body systems have secondary endocrine functions, including bone, kidneys, liver, heart and gonads. For example, the kidney secretes the endocrine hormone erythropoietin. Hormones can be amino acid complexes, steroids, eicosanoids, leukotrienes, or prostaglandins.[1]
The endocrine system can be contrasted to both exocrine glands, which secrete hormones to the outside of the body, and paracrine signalling between cells over a relatively short distance. Endocrine glands have no ducts, are vascular, and commonly have intracellular vacuoles or granules that store their hormones. In contrast, exocrine glands, such as salivary glands, sweat glands, and glands within the gastrointestinal tract, tend to be much less vascular and have ducts or a hollow lumen.
Structure and Function of
I. Pituitary Gland
II. Thyroid Gland
III. Parathyroid Gland
IV. Adrenal Glands
V. Pancreas
VI. Sex Glands
VII. Thymus
VIII. Pineal Gland
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Govt. Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt. A. P
Phone: 9010705687
#FULLY EXPLAINED, BRIEF, TO THE POINT PPT
Endocrine system consist of gland secreting hormones essential for manitenance of homeostasis throughout the body.
HORMONES-
These are the chemical messengers that act to control and coordinate different functions of tissue and organs.
Various body activities like growth and development and metabolism are also regulated by hormones.
Endocrine glands are ductless glands, thus they release their product directly into the bloodstream, and are carried to their target cells.
Exocrine glands are duct gland they secrete their product into the duct, which are then transported to the bloodstream.
The endocrine system comprises of all the endocrine glands of the body like-
Pituitary gland gonads( testis and ovary)
Thyroid gland
Adrenal gland
pancreas gland
Parathyroid gland
Thymus gland
Endocrine Glands. Explaination of different glands.Function of different glands and the disorders caused by the alterations in the level of hormone secreted by the different glands.
The endocrine system is composed of organs positioned throughout the body in widely separated locations. Endocrinology is the study of the structure and functioning of the endocrine system.
Endocrine System and its glands in briefরেজা তানজিল
The endocrine system is a chemical messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating distant target organs. In humans, the major endocrine glands are the thyroid gland and the adrenal glands. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems. The study of the endocrine system and its disorders is known as endocrinology. Endocrinology is a branch of internal medicine.[1]
A number of glands that signal each other in sequence are usually referred to as an axis, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In addition to the specialized endocrine organs mentioned above, many other organs that are part of other body systems have secondary endocrine functions, including bone, kidneys, liver, heart and gonads. For example, the kidney secretes the endocrine hormone erythropoietin. Hormones can be amino acid complexes, steroids, eicosanoids, leukotrienes, or prostaglandins.[1]
The endocrine system can be contrasted to both exocrine glands, which secrete hormones to the outside of the body, and paracrine signalling between cells over a relatively short distance. Endocrine glands have no ducts, are vascular, and commonly have intracellular vacuoles or granules that store their hormones. In contrast, exocrine glands, such as salivary glands, sweat glands, and glands within the gastrointestinal tract, tend to be much less vascular and have ducts or a hollow lumen.
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1. Illustrated and Animated
The Endocrine System
By Dean Berry, Ed. D.
Free PowerPoint at slideshare.com
( type in PPT title or dean r berry)
2. • Free PowerPoint Version
• At slideshare.com
• Type PPT title or dean r berry
3. The Glandular System
Our body has small organs called glands that
secrete hormonal chemicals. These hormones are
vital for the functioning of all of our major body
organs and systems. Can you name some
of these glands?
5. Which glands are located in the brain? Which
gland wraps around the trachea?
6. The pineal gland(red), the hypothalamus(green) and the
pituitary gland are all nestled together near the base of the brain. Each
one has essential functions that affect our physical and mental well being.
7. The small pituitary gland (one third of an inch in diameter) is
considered the master gland because it releases hormones that affect many
other glands in the body. One of its primary functions is to provide a
hormone that regulates growth (body height and size).
8. The adrenal gland is a rather small gland located on
the top side of the kidney. It plays a major role in the fight or flight
response. The hormone epinephrine is sent throughout the body
instantly when the brain senses dangerous or emotional situations
and results in increased stress on body organs. Over longer periods
of time, such stress can be very damaging to the body. In what
type of situations do you think
epinephrine(adrenaline) would be sent throughout
the body?
9. Cortisol, released by the adrenal gland throughout the
day, is a very important steroid that helps regulate our
metabolism and reduces dangerous inflammation in the body.
But it is the adrenalin(neurotransmitter) that acts quickly on
our neurons and makes us jittery or hyper in our behavior.
10. In summary, the inside medulla of the adrenal gland
produces adrenaline which speeds up body functions such
as the heart rate. The outer cortex of the adrenal gland
produces the crucial hormone, cortisol, which helps
regulate metabolism and blood pressure. Why is the
regulation of our metabolism and blood pressure
important?
11. The pancreas is another important gland in our body. It is
about six inches long and occupies a spot behind the stomach and
above the intestines. The pancreas plays an important role in
converting the food we eat into fuel for the body’s cells.
12. The pancreas processes glucose and secretes insulin to
control blood sugar levels. What is glucose? Why
is the level of sugar in the blood
important?
13. Insulin helps muscle and fat tissue in the body
absorb glucose. If the muscle and fat cells
develop a resistance to the insulin, it takes larger
quantities of insulin for proper absorption to
occur. However, when the pancreas is unable to
produce larger amounts of insulin, a condition
referred to as prediabetes or type two diabetes
results. Why is insulin resistance in tissue a
health problem?
14. When the pancreas is unable to produce enough
insulin to compensate for the insulin resistance in the
muscle and fat cells, it is important for a person to
restrict the amount of sugar in their diet. Why do
you think this is true?
15. What is this illustration
saying about
Mc Donald’s food?
16. High amounts of sugar in our diet may contribute to many
different health problems. The skin begins to age and sag
faster than normal. The kidneys have more difficulty
filtering our blood. Our arteries harden and develop
inflammation that leads to poor circulation. What kind
of foods lead to high glucose in our blood
stream?
17. Lack of exercise and a diet high in carbohydrates and sugar
can lead to diabetes and a gradual deterioration of the
arteries that transport our blood to vital organs and
tissues. The pancreas provides insulin but our lifestyle
choices can make its job much more difficult. What is
meant by lie style choices?
18. The diagram below represents a theory about how
carbohydrates, insulin, and body weight are related. Study
the diagram closely. What conclusions might you
draw from it?
19. The pancreas is also susceptible to other disorders. Acute
pancreatitis is a painful disease that results when the body’s
own digestive enzymes begin eating the tissue of the
pancreas. Heavy alcohol consumption or a high fat diet can
contribute to pancreatitis.
20. Other than processing sugars, the main role of the
pancreas is to produce enzymes for the digestion of food
in the intestinal tract. Unfortunately, the pancreas is one of
the body organs that can develop deadly cancers.
Yellowing(jaundice) in the eyes can be a symptom of
pancreatic cancer. Do you know anyone who has
had cancer in a gland? How do you think
cancer might affect a gland?
21. The ovaries are glands that belong to the reproductive
system. They are the size of an almond and located in the
lower abdomen on each side of the uterus. The fallopian
tubes connect each ovary to the uterus(womb). The female
reproductive cells(eggs) are produced by the ovaries and
released monthly.
22. While traveling down the fallopian tube, the egg may
encounter millions of sperm. Conception occurs when the
first sperm contacts the egg cell. The fertilized egg than
continues its journey to the uterus where it attaches to the
lining and begins to grow. How long does it take
for the average baby to be born?
23. A woman’s eggs are created when she is an embryo and
remain the only eggs she will ever have. On the other
hand, males develop sperm continuously throughout their
adult lives. Only one male sperm reaches the egg and
fertilizes the egg cell. How many sperm tried to
be papa?
24. Contrary to popular myth, you were not
delivered to your mom and pop by a
stork. You actually were the result of the
union of one sperm cell and one egg cell.
25. The thyroid gland is a butterfly shaped organ that is about
two inches long on each side and is located inside the base of
your neck. It releases hormones that control metabolism-the way
your body uses energy. These hormones can have a profound
affect on whether you feel very lazy and lethargic or energetic
and productive. People with low thyroid hormones can take
hormone replacement pills and regain their energy.
26. Although women are more likely to have
hypothyroidism, low production of thyroid
hormones, men also can have this problem. The
symptoms include feeling tired, weight gain,
thinning hair, swelling of the limbs, and very dry
skin.
27. Hypothyroidism or inadequate thyroid hormone results
in a slow down in body functions and over-all lethargy.
Many people take thyroid hormone replacement pills to
regain their energy. How might thyroid
replacement pills change a person’s life?
28. Various glands often interact with each other and send
chemical messages that affect how each one functions.
29. Nestled in the middle of each thyroid half is a tiny parathyroid
gland that has a totally different function than the thyroid.
30. The sole purpose of the parathyroid glands are
to control the range of calcium in the blood
stream. In doing so, parathyroid glands
determine how strong and dense our bones
become.
31. The health and proper functioning of the
thyroid gland can be affected by the foods we
eat. Foods that are rich in iron, zinc, iodine, or
selenium can improve how the thyroid works.
Omega 3 foods such as wild salmon, sardines,
nuts, oatmeal and avocado are important foods
to support the thyroid gland.
32. Like other organs in our body, glands need
quality foods in order to work efficiently. What
you eat actually matters! Which of theses
foods do you eat on a regular basis?
33. Group Discussion
Meet in groups and discuss the following.
1. Describe four of our main glands, how they
function, and what affect they have on our
body.
2. Describe the process that occurs to change
an egg into a newborn baby.
34. Prepare to Write
Write an explanatory essay
describing the four main glands and
how they work to support critical
body functions. Include a detailed
account of the journey of an egg to
the birth of a child.
