cattle resource in nepal,local breed of cattle in nepal

1. * ASSEMBLED AND EDITED BY
RAMCHANDRA ACHARYA
IAAS,RAMPUR
https://www.facebook.com/rrr.acharya

2. Traits of ECONOMIc IMPOrTANCe OF
CATTLE
Ramchandra Acharya(IAAS)

3. TRAITS OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
IN DAIRY CATTLE
• Heritability & Repeatability estimates low
• Variation due to Environment
REPRODUCTION
• 60-65% Heritable trait
• Selection improves performance
MILK & BUTTER
FAT
• 32% Heritable
PRODUCTIVE LIFE
SPAN
• Size, Development of mammary glands,
proper placement of Teat
TYPE AND
CONFORMATION

4. TRAITS OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
IN BEEF CATTLE
• Environment and heredity play important
role
REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY
• 30-35% heritable, additive gene(less)
Environment(more)
WEINING WEIGHT
• Very important traits, highly heritableFEEDLOT GAIN
• Medium to high heritableYEARLING WEIGHT
• 25-35%HeritableTYPE AND SIZE
• Should be free from
• Inherited as recessive trait
INHERITED DEFECT
• Heritability less knownLONGIVITY

5. SCENARIO
Nepal has diverse genetic material with high
variation providing a raw material for genetic
progress
Twelve percent of are exotic (pure and cross
bred) and the rest indigenous
 The major components of livestock GDP are milk
and milk products from cattle is 24.7%
At present, the total annual milk production of
Nepal is just over one million tons ( 30% from
cattle).

7. Category Cattle
2000/01 6982660
2001/02 6978690
2002/03 6953584
2003/04 6966436
2004/05 6994463
2005/2006 6994463
2006/2007 7044279
2007/2008 7090714
2008/2009 7175198
2009/2010 7199260
2010/2011 7226050
2011/2012 7244944
2012/2013 7274022

8. Most notably seven indigenous cattle
breeds identified.Most notably Seven indigenous
cattle breeds identified.

9. Pahadi Cattle
Siri cattle
Acchami cattle
Yak
Terai cattle
Khaila
Lulu

10. NEPALESE LOCAL CATTLE
JERSEY
HOLSTEIN

11. BREED DISTRIBUTION
YAK
PAHADI
Siri
Acchami
LuLukirko
TERAI COW

13. ACCHAMI CATTLE
Achham cattle (Bos indicus) are considered
as rare breed of cattle and Smallest breed of
cattle in the world
Achham cattle as being the smallest breed are
less than 1 meter in height at withers. They are
suitable for hill conditions and low input system.
Body color varies from black to white i.e. black,
brown, grey,white, spotted black and white.
Its temperament varies from docile to wild

14. HIGH RESISTANCE TO MANY ECONOMICALLY
IMPORTANT DISEASE SUCH AS
H.S,B.Q,MASTITIS,ECTO AND ENDO PARASITE
MAKES THIS BREED INVALUABLE

15. Achhami Breed Should Be Taken As A National Heritage
From The National Perspective.
In Order To Preserve Achhami Cattle, Special And Separate
Programme “Achhami Conservation Project” Should Be
Launched Which Helps For The Conservation Of This
Endangered Species In Real Sense.

16. SIRI CATTLE
• BLACK AND WHITE OR EXTENSIVE SOLID BLACK
COLOR
• THICK
• PROTECT THEM FROM HEAVY RAIN AND SEVERE COLDCOAT
• STRONG
LEGS
• WELL DEVELOPEDUDDER

17. LULU CATTLE
• LESSHUMP
• GOOD POTENTIAL FOR MILK PRODUCTION
IN SARCE FEEDING RESOURCEPRODUCTION
• SMALLER
• REQUIRED LESS AMOUNT OF FEED BUT
PRODUCE MAXIMUM OF 2.5Lts/day
SIZE

18. *
IS CRITICALLY ENDANGERED BREED
(PRADHAN 1995)
PRODUCTIVITY COULD BE INCREASED IF THE
FEEDING MANAGEMENT COULD BE IMPROVED

19. KHAILA CATTLE
*
WELL ADAPTED AND GRAZE ON SLOPES OF HILLS AND MOUNTAINS
UNDER THE THREAT OF EXTINCTION
WILD TEMERAMENT AND ARE DIFFICULT TO HANDLE
CONSIDER DUAL PURPOSE

20. YAK
*
LONG HAIRED,BUSHY TAILED,FLAT HEADED
WELL ADAPTED TO COLD AND HIGH ALTITUDE
EXCELLENT PACK AND RIDING ANIMAL
CROSS BREED ANIMAL BETWEEN YAK AND HILLY CATTLE: CHAURI

21. CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES AND
PERFORMANCE OF NATIVE CATTLE
 The native cattle are resistant to most of the
tropical diseases
It has ability to better utilisation of coarse
roughage
 It can withstand more heat and cold conditions
It is adapted to thrive well in harsh conditions
It can climb steep hills and mountains for grazing
The age of first calving ranges 32-52 months,
The milk yield ranges 360-760 Lt/lactation
The lactation length is about 195-300 days

22. EXOTIC BREEDS

23. JERSEY HOLSTEIN
COLOR
FAWN WITH OR WITHOUT RED,MAHOGANY,BROWN,
WHITE MARKINGS OR COMBINATION WITH WHITE
GESTATION PERIOD
280 DAYS 280 DAYS
DS
AVERAGE MILK YIELD(305days)
4000Lts 6150Lts
AGE AT 1ST CALVING(MONTHS)
38 36
CHARACTERS
CAPABLE OF UTILIZING ROUGHAGE LARGE FEEDING HABBIT
EFFICIENTLY,WITHSTAND HUMID CLIMATE LESS WITHSATND HUMID CLIMATE
FAT
5.5% 3.5%

24. BROWN SWISS
*
It is a famous multipurpose breed. Presently, the
breed is raised at Livestock Development Farm,
Jiri. The bulls and frozen semen are used to
upgrade the milk production potentiality of
native cows in high mountains.

25. PRESENT CONDITION
•USED FOR DROUGHT
PURPOSE AS THEY
ARE HARDY IN NATURE
LOCAL MALE
CATTLE
•USED FOR MILK
AND MANURE
PRODUCTION
LOCAL
FEMALE
CATTLE

26. RESION BEHIND LOW MILK
PRODUCTION OF INDIGENOUS CATTLE
LOCAL
BREED
BREEDING
TECHNIQUE
FEED INGREDIENTS
GRAZING LAND
ENCROACHMENT
HEALTH CARE
GENETIC

27. PROBLEM AND CHALLENGES
• Siri cow is extinct and other are danger of
extinction
LACK OF
NATIONAL
POLICY
• import of frozen semen of unnecessary breeds
of animals
• Even identified breeds of animals are being bred
with other breeds I.e loss of breed characters
NEGLIGENCE
• Lack of proper regulatory function
• Lack of awareness in the field level
INBREEDING

28. LONG TERM BREEDING POLICY
OF DEPARTMENT OF LIVESTOCK SERVICES
* IN TERAI, JERSEY AND HOLSTEIN BULL/ SEMEN TO
UPGRADE THE NONDESCRIPT AND CROSS BREED UP TO
THE 75% BLOOD LEVEL
IN TERAI, HARIAN BULL SHOULD BE USED TO UPGRADE
THE NATIVE COWS ONLY FOR DRAFT PURPOSE
IN HIGH HILLS&MOUNTAIN,JERSEY AND BROWNSWISS
BULL SEMEN TO UPGRADE NON DESCRIPT COWS UPTO
75% BLOOD LEVEL
PRODUCTIVITY OF YAK,LULU,ACCHAME CATTLE WILL BE
IMPROVED THROUGH GROUP BREEDING SCHEME TO
CONSERVE AND MAINTAIN THEIR POPULATION
BULL EXCHANGE PROGRAM BETWEEN USER GROUPS
WILL BE FOLLOWED TO CHECK THE INBREESING.

29. IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY
ACCHAMI
• Should be
dedicated in
maintaining purity
by line breeding
• At commercial
level crossing with
hill cattle can be
practiced.
LULU,PAHADI,KHAILA
,TERAI
• line breeding at germ
plasm conservation
center established at
high mountain (
mustang), hills,
mountain and terai
region respectively
• grading up with jersey
semen use by
artificial insemination
upto 75% blood level
for lulu, pahadi and
khaila and 87.25%
blood level to terai
breed.
YAK
• Pure-breeding is
the predominant
practice with yak.
• The aim should be
to improve the
breed for meat
and hair.

30. PRESENT RESEARCH ACTIVITY UNDER
TAKEN BY NARC
SPECIES RESEARCH ACTIVITY LOCATION
Evaluation of productive
performance of yak
Solukhumbu
Evaluation of dairy cattle
herd for bull dam selection
Khumaltar,jiri
CATTLE AND YAK Identification and
characterization of native
cattle breed of Nepal
ABD
Study of hill cattle and
their crossbreeds
Bovine research
Evaluation of farmers
cattle herd
Kathmandu valley
Evaluation of Effectiveness
of A.I in farmers field
Kathmandu valley, Chitwan

31. Dairy Cattle & Buffalo Improvement
Program (DCBIP)
Aim of the project is to produce high milk
yielder Dam/cattle and Sire/bull of Nepalese
Jersey and HF within the country.
For that bigger herd of cattle (more than 5 cows)
were selected for the program. Monthly milk
recording and milk analysis was done from the
registered animals to find out the lactation yield
and milk content of each individual animal.
The strategy behind this program is estimation
of breeding value of each dam by pedigree and
performance recording scheme

32. BREEDING POLICY
50%from jersey
INCREASE OF 1600Lts MILK 50% from holstein
50% from Brownswiss
CROSS BREED OF NONDISCRIPT
ZEBU CATTLE WITH
JERSEY,HOLSTEIN,BROWNSWISS
Result of bovine Research program

33. ABOVE RESULT SHOWS THAT INDIGENOUS
BREED OF NEPALESE CATTLE CAN BE
IMPROVED BY USING IMPORTED SEMEN

34. BREEDING TECHNIQUE

35. GENERAL GUIDELINE ADOPTED BY
DEPARTMENT OF LIVESTOCK SERVICES
* MID HILLS AND TERAI: JERSEY AND HOLSTEIN
BULL SEMEN ARE USED FOR CROSSBREEDING
LOCAL COWS
HARIANA BULL IS USED FOR UPGRADING THE
TERAI COWS FOR DRAFT PURPOSE
HIGH HILLS:BROWNSWISS BULL SEMEN TO
UPGRADE THE LOCAL NONDESCRIPT COWS

36. CONCLUSION
 The indigenous cattle population in various ecozones consists of
Lulu, Achami, Siri, Pahari, Khaila , Terai and Yak. They are hardy in
nature, can resist disease etc.
 However, the indigenous breeds are in danger of extinction due
to in judicioususe of crossbreeding program and superiority of
cross breed cattle compared to local breeds drawing attention
towards keeping those cross bred animals. So, it is a prime
necessity to preserve the genetic resource.
 But, the productivity of local cattle are less as compared to
exotic breeds so it makes necessity of employing appropriate
breeding strategy for upgrading local breeds with exotic breeds
suitable for local production environment.
 Major exotic breeds (whose crosses are common) of cattle
dominating in Nepal are Jersey and Holstein Friesian. So breeding
plan should incorporate one of them.

37. CONCLUSION…
Establishment of Suitable Breed of Jersey cow
on the basis of suitability of Nepalese climate
for milk production.
Jersey crossbreds (50 to 75%) are suitable for
Nepalese conditions for higher milk production
Holstein-Friesian should be selected for high
intensive management system
The native hill cattle blood level should not be
lower than 25% to make effective use of
resistant gene to parasites and diseases
prevailing in the cattle farming system

38. REFERENCES
• Newsletter of Nepal Agricultural Research
Council (NARC) Vol. 17 No.2 April- June, 2010
• Banerjee G.C(2011) A Text book of Animal
Husbandry,8th edition
• www.animalbreeding-narc.gov.np
• http://www.nlbc.gov.np
• http://www.dls.gov.np
• http://www.dolp.gov.np

39. THANK YOU