Were those the days? Agriculture Then and NowJohn Blue
Were those the days? Agriculture Then and Now - Dr. Alison Van Eenennaam, University of California, Davis, from the 2019 Iowa Pork Congress, January 23 - 24, 2019, Des Moines, IA, USA.
More presentations at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEFNbfee_Rq3AfAFTRpuCrQ
Were those the days? Agriculture Then and NowJohn Blue
Were those the days? Agriculture Then and Now - Dr. Alison Van Eenennaam, University of California, Davis, from the 2019 Iowa Pork Congress, January 23 - 24, 2019, Des Moines, IA, USA.
More presentations at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEFNbfee_Rq3AfAFTRpuCrQ
Transforming smallholder chicken production in NigeriaILRI
Presented by African Chicken Genetic Gains-Nigeria at the Federal Ministry of Science and Technology's Science, Technology and Innovation Expo 2017, Abuja, 3-7 April 2017
Experiences in community-based genetic improvement using oestrus synchronizationILRI
Presented by Azage Tegegne at the IPMS Workshop on Alternatives for Improving Field AI Delivery System to Enhance Beef and Dairy Production in Ethiopia, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 24-25 August 2011
Demonstration of dairy technologies in peri-urban areas of Nekemte, Bako and ...ILRI
Presented by Habtamu Abera (Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia) at the Conference on Policies for Competitive Smallholder Livestock Production, Gaborone, Botswana, 4-6 March 2015
Current Situation and Development in the Small Ruminant (Goat) Industry Suppl...Elmer Esplana
Presentation presented by Mr. Elmer R. Esplana, an economist and interdisciplinary researcher currently working as a government agriculturist at the Marketing Development Division, Bureau of Animal Industry. This presentation was an offshoot the earlier study conducted by the author and his fellow researchers in the Bureau of Animal Industry entitled "Development in the Supply Chain of the Philippine Goat Industry: An Assessment" which won a Grand Prize Award at the National Research Symposium in 2007, a yearly, national research contest, being organized by the DA-Bureau of Agricultural Research. This presentation was presented at the participants of the Goat Raising Agribusiness Seminar during the 79th Foundation Anniversary of the Bureau of Animal Industry in February 25, 2009 .
Dr. De Vries discusses how to find the value in genomic testing – and which situations it may be valuable in – as well as how some reproductive program decisions can affect profitability.
Find the full presentation on YouTube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VnTovy_gUQA
SCR Heat detection
Uniquely combines rumination, movement and movement intensity measurement, recognizing behavior patterns.
SCR activity score is much less prone to walking and eating behavior, therefore suitable also for grazing herds (as proven in NZ and Ireland)
Real-time heat detection reports for optimized insemination timing.
Rumination application: Nutrition
Rumination time: proportional to the amount of long fiber the cow has eaten (eNDF, or “Scratch Factor”). About 140 min rumination to 1 Kg long fiber.
Daily rumination time less than 400 min indicate a major risk factor for rumen acidosis.
Rumen acidosis seriously impairs cow’s health and welfare and farmer income.
Presented by Muhammad Farooq Tareen at the Workshop on transforming livelihoods in South Asia through sustainable livestock research and development, Kathmandu, Nepal, 13-14 November 2018
Importance of Artificial Insemination in Dairy AnimalsTiasha Biswas
This slide is on IMPORTANCE OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN DAIRY ANIMALS which I have prepared during my 1st semester of B.Tech Dairy Technology course. Hope this helps you :'")
Getting started in the AI system: Rams selection and managementILRI
Presented by Mourad Rekik, ICARDA, at the EIAR-DBARC-ICARDA-ILRI (LIVES)-FAO Training Workshop on Reproduction in Sheep and Goat, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia, 13-15 October 2014
Building an evidence base for informed decisions on choice of dairy cattle pr...ILRI
Presented by Karen Marshall, Stanly Tebug, Gareth Salmon, Miika Tapio, Jarmo Juga and
Ayao Missohou at the Conference on Impacts of International Agricultural Research: Rigorous Evidence for Policy, ICRAF, Nairobi, 6-8 July 2017
Transforming smallholder chicken production in NigeriaILRI
Presented by African Chicken Genetic Gains-Nigeria at the Federal Ministry of Science and Technology's Science, Technology and Innovation Expo 2017, Abuja, 3-7 April 2017
Experiences in community-based genetic improvement using oestrus synchronizationILRI
Presented by Azage Tegegne at the IPMS Workshop on Alternatives for Improving Field AI Delivery System to Enhance Beef and Dairy Production in Ethiopia, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 24-25 August 2011
Demonstration of dairy technologies in peri-urban areas of Nekemte, Bako and ...ILRI
Presented by Habtamu Abera (Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia) at the Conference on Policies for Competitive Smallholder Livestock Production, Gaborone, Botswana, 4-6 March 2015
Current Situation and Development in the Small Ruminant (Goat) Industry Suppl...Elmer Esplana
Presentation presented by Mr. Elmer R. Esplana, an economist and interdisciplinary researcher currently working as a government agriculturist at the Marketing Development Division, Bureau of Animal Industry. This presentation was an offshoot the earlier study conducted by the author and his fellow researchers in the Bureau of Animal Industry entitled "Development in the Supply Chain of the Philippine Goat Industry: An Assessment" which won a Grand Prize Award at the National Research Symposium in 2007, a yearly, national research contest, being organized by the DA-Bureau of Agricultural Research. This presentation was presented at the participants of the Goat Raising Agribusiness Seminar during the 79th Foundation Anniversary of the Bureau of Animal Industry in February 25, 2009 .
Dr. De Vries discusses how to find the value in genomic testing – and which situations it may be valuable in – as well as how some reproductive program decisions can affect profitability.
Find the full presentation on YouTube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VnTovy_gUQA
SCR Heat detection
Uniquely combines rumination, movement and movement intensity measurement, recognizing behavior patterns.
SCR activity score is much less prone to walking and eating behavior, therefore suitable also for grazing herds (as proven in NZ and Ireland)
Real-time heat detection reports for optimized insemination timing.
Rumination application: Nutrition
Rumination time: proportional to the amount of long fiber the cow has eaten (eNDF, or “Scratch Factor”). About 140 min rumination to 1 Kg long fiber.
Daily rumination time less than 400 min indicate a major risk factor for rumen acidosis.
Rumen acidosis seriously impairs cow’s health and welfare and farmer income.
Presented by Muhammad Farooq Tareen at the Workshop on transforming livelihoods in South Asia through sustainable livestock research and development, Kathmandu, Nepal, 13-14 November 2018
Importance of Artificial Insemination in Dairy AnimalsTiasha Biswas
This slide is on IMPORTANCE OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN DAIRY ANIMALS which I have prepared during my 1st semester of B.Tech Dairy Technology course. Hope this helps you :'")
Getting started in the AI system: Rams selection and managementILRI
Presented by Mourad Rekik, ICARDA, at the EIAR-DBARC-ICARDA-ILRI (LIVES)-FAO Training Workshop on Reproduction in Sheep and Goat, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia, 13-15 October 2014
Building an evidence base for informed decisions on choice of dairy cattle pr...ILRI
Presented by Karen Marshall, Stanly Tebug, Gareth Salmon, Miika Tapio, Jarmo Juga and
Ayao Missohou at the Conference on Impacts of International Agricultural Research: Rigorous Evidence for Policy, ICRAF, Nairobi, 6-8 July 2017
Animal breeding for reduced poverty and improved food security in developing ...ILRI
Presented by Karen Marshall at the John Vercoe Memorial Lecture on the Association for Animal Breeding and Genetics (AAABG) Conference, Australia, 28-30 September 2015
Innovative use of conventional and new technologies to unravel breed options ...ILRI
Presented by J.M.K. Ojango, R. Mrode and A.M. Okeyo at the 1st World Congress on Innovations for Livestock Development: Fostering Innovations for the Livestock Industry, Nakuru, Kenya, 26–30 June 2016
Presented by Shirley Tarawali, Assistant Director General, ILRI, at the 16th Annual General Meeting of the Inter-Agency Donor Group on Pro-poor-livestock research and development, Berlin, 18-20 November 2015
Major economic traits of cattle and buffalopratee5
Selection and judging of the breeding stocks are the first and foremost steps to start with any breeding programme. For this, a no. of phenotypic and behavioral traits are taken into consideration. Breeding plans for cattle and buffalo should aim to meet the quantitative and qualitative demands of milk and meat in the country. From a practical standpoint, traits with a measurable or at least readily recognizable economic value are generally to be given the most emphasis.The economic traits are typically those that affect either the income obtained or the costs of production. So, a thorough understanding of economic traits of livestock is of utmost importance.
Livestock and food security: An ILRI perspectiveILRI
A series of presentations by ILRI scientists (Thomas Randolph, Hikuepi Katjiuongua, Timothy Robinson, Isabelle Baltenweck, Alessandra Galie, Alan Duncan, Nils Teufel, Mats Lannerstad, Bernard Bett, Johanna Lindahl, Eric Fèvre, Silvia Alonso and Delia Grace) at a seminar on "Sustainable Agricultural Development for Food Security and Nutrition, including the role of Livestock" for the Committee on World Food Security High Level Panel of Experts on food security and nutrition (HLPE), Nairobi, Kenya, 8 May 2015.
Better lives through livestock: ILRI in SADC Region ILRI
Presented by Amos Omore and Sikhalazo Dube at the Virtual Food Agriculture and Natural Resources (FANR) / International Cooperating Partner (ICP) Group Meeting on Agriculture and Food Security. Gaborone, Botswana, 7 October 2020.
Important aspects of Dairy Cattle Production
Dairy cattle production overview
Care and management of new born calf
Pre- and post-weaning management of calf
Management of heifer, dry cow and pregnant cow
Care of dam before and after calving
Management of lactating cow
The role of reliable data collection systems for improved livestock genetics ...ILRI
Presented by Julie Ojango and Chinyere Ekine-Dzivenu at the Workshop on sustainable development of Burundi's dairy sector--Partners of the regional integrated agricultural development in the great lakes (PRDAIGL) project workshop, Burundi, 2–3 November 2022
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...
ILRI’s Livestock Genetics Program—LiveGene
1. ILRI’s Livestock Genetics Program - LiveGene
Visit to CSIRO, Brisbane, 20 February 2018
Karen Marshall, ILRI
2. ILRI’s mission
ILRI’s mission is to improve food and
nutritional security and to reduce
poverty in developing countries
through research for efficient, safe
and sustainable use of livestock—
ensuring better lives through
livestock
ILRI is part of the CGIAR consortium
(15 centres)
3. ILRI: Established 1994, currently 700+ staff
Two main campuses (Kenya, Ethiopia), 16 additional offices
4. ILRI’s Livestock Genetics program
Delivering improved genetics to the world’s
small-scale livestock keepers
Working with partners
5. LiveGene Objectives
Determine the most appropriate genetic improvement
strategies for different livestock production systems.
Design and support implementation of sound breeding
programs and delivery of the desired genetics
Discover the genes responsible for better productivity and
resilience and use this information in breeding programs
Support the development of policies and institutional
arrangements that would enable improved access to, and
sustainable use of, livestock genetic resources.
6. Main species we work on
Goat - Africa
Sheep – Africa
Pig – Africa, Asia
Poultry - Africa
Dairy cattle –
Africa, Asia
Dual purpose cattle –
Africa, Latin America
Main focal livestock systems
Buffalo – Asia
7. Project highlight – Centre for Tropical
Livestock Genetics and Health
Partnership between ILRI, SRUC and Roslin Institute
of the UoE, aimed at supporting programs on
tropical livestock (via genomics / genetics)
Five programs:
Dairy Genomics
Chicken Genomics
Health Genomics
Reproduction
Bioinformatics
New Initiative - CTLGH
9. Dairy production in Senegal
Senegal dairy production cannot meet
domestic demand – high volumes are
imported
The Senegalese government is actively
supporting increased local dairy production
- including through the use of genetically
improved animals
However no evidence-base on the most
appropriate type of dairy animal / dairy
system
Background
Imports relative to
domestic production, 2004
10. Indigenous Zebu cattle under
traditional management
Cross-breed (Zebu by Bos Taurus) under
improved management –
supplementary feed and shade
provision
Type of dairy systems
11. Trade-off analysis considering
aspects of:
Breed preferences
Productivity
Profitability
Environmental sustainability
Food quality
Food safety
Equality
Partnered with 220 dairy
keeping households, with
3000+ cattle, over an almost 2
year period to obtain data
Dairy systems (n=7) defined by
breed kept & management level
Methodology
Breed composition determined
using a genomic approach
15. 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
+ ++ + ++ ++ +++ ++++
IZ IZ IZ x GZ IZ x GZ IZ x BT IZ x BT BT
Proteinproduction(kgprotein/herd/year)
GHGemissionsintenisity(kgCO2eq/kgprotein)
Breed group and level of management
Manure CH4
Manure N2O
Feed CO2
Feed N2O
Enteric CH4
Protein yield kg/herd/year
Environmental sustainability:
GHG emissions intensity of protein
17. Level of
market
orientation
Control of income from the
sale of milk
%
Women
%
Men
%
Joint
Low 72% 27% 1%
Medium 45% 50% 5%
Control of income from the sale of milk can shift from women to men
as the level of market orientation increases
Equality – gendered impacts
18. Breed
Management level (*)
Zebu
*
Zebu
**
Zebu x
Guzerat
*
Zebu x
Guzerat
**
Zebu x
Bos
Taurus
**
Zebu x
Bos
Taurus
***
High
Bos
Taurus
****
Breed preference –
male / female famers
+/+ +/+ +/+ +/+ +++/+++ +++/+++ ++/+
Production -
liters milk / annum
175 568 223 640 508 1,315 1,422
Profitability -
CFA / annum/cow
60,235 142,041 65,384 186,670 236,028 479,525 407,441
Environmental sustainability
-GHG EI, kg CO2eq/kg protein
338 190 307 165 188 110 108
Food quality -
milk protein/fat
For milk protein – no difference between breed-types
For milk fat – variation between breed-types, but changing trend on parity
Food safety -
aflatoxin levels in feed
Low Medium Low Medium Medium High
Very
high
Equality -
gendered impacts
Women control income from milk sale in a
majority of households
Women control income from
milk sale in fewer households
Still building on additional aspects of this as resources become available
Trade-off summary
19. Adoption issues:
Investment cost
Access to cross-bred
semen
Farmer capacity
This system is:
Productive
Profitable
Need to address:
Animal feed supply –
sufficient, safe
Potential negative
impacts on women &
children
Dairy cattle systems comprising cross-bred
animals (Indigenous Zebu by Bos Taurus)
kept under good management
Evidence base currently being shared with stakeholders for more informed
decision making …. Planned phase 2 project on intervention implementation
Recommendations
20. This presentation is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.
better lives through livestock
ilri.org
ILRI thanks all donors and organizations which globally support its work through their contributions to
the CGIAR system
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