Day 1 keynote address: David Pelletier, Cornell University: “Nutrition Policy Processes”
Workshop on Approaches and Methods for Policy Process Research, co-sponsored by the CGIAR Research Programs on Policies, Institutions and Markets (PIM) and Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH) at IFPRI-Washington DC, November 18-20, 2013.
Ecohealth perspectives: From Ecohealth theory to practice (case studies)ILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger at an FAO-APHCA/OIE/USDA regional workshop on prevention and control of neglected zoonoses in Asia, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan, 15-16 July 2015.
Ecohealth perspectives: From Ecohealth theory to practice (case studies)ILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger at an FAO-APHCA/OIE/USDA regional workshop on prevention and control of neglected zoonoses in Asia, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan, 15-16 July 2015.
Presented by Jeff Gilbert at a meeting on sharing the experiences on the application of One Health approaches in China, Beijing, China, 8-9 August 2013.
Intervention Mapping was developed to address questions about how and when to use...
Theory
Empirical findings from the literature
Data collected from a population
... to create an effective behavior or systems change intervention.
Intervention Mapping provides a systematic framework for decision making at each step of intervention planning, and evaluation
Presentation by Fred Unger at a training course for the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD) project team, Pampanga, the Philippines, 30-31 July 2014.
This presentation aims to provide a quick overview of current ways of measuring food security, with a focus on qualitative tools and the challenges they face.
What is Global Health?: Miguel Ángel González BlockUWGlobalHealth
As proposed by the Declarations of the Alma Ata and challenged by the Millennium
Development Goals, action by players and stakeholders of diverse specialties and
backgrounds is required to achieve health for all. This assembled expert panel
drawn from different backgrounds will enrich the discussion with their own experiences.
Matching ecohealth and One Health attributes for emerging infectious diseases...ILRI
Poster by Theresa Burns, David Stephen, Manish Kakkar, Purvi Mehta-Bhatt, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Durgatt Joshi, Jennifer Dawson and Craig Stephen presented at the 5th biennial conference of the International Association for Ecology and Health (EcoHealth 2014), Montreal, Canada, 11−15 August 2014.
Introduction
Uses and aims of epidemiology
Qualification
Jobs included
List of skills
Role of epidemiologists
Specializations
Courses offered
Public health significance
EcoHealth approach to control of zoonotic emerging infectious diseases in Sou...ILRI
Presented by Jeff Gilbert at the second scientific Asia and the Pacific symposium on "Sustainable diets: Human nutrition and livestock", Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 21 August 2013.
Presented by Jeff Gilbert at a meeting on sharing the experiences on the application of One Health approaches in China, Beijing, China, 8-9 August 2013.
Intervention Mapping was developed to address questions about how and when to use...
Theory
Empirical findings from the literature
Data collected from a population
... to create an effective behavior or systems change intervention.
Intervention Mapping provides a systematic framework for decision making at each step of intervention planning, and evaluation
Presentation by Fred Unger at a training course for the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD) project team, Pampanga, the Philippines, 30-31 July 2014.
This presentation aims to provide a quick overview of current ways of measuring food security, with a focus on qualitative tools and the challenges they face.
What is Global Health?: Miguel Ángel González BlockUWGlobalHealth
As proposed by the Declarations of the Alma Ata and challenged by the Millennium
Development Goals, action by players and stakeholders of diverse specialties and
backgrounds is required to achieve health for all. This assembled expert panel
drawn from different backgrounds will enrich the discussion with their own experiences.
Matching ecohealth and One Health attributes for emerging infectious diseases...ILRI
Poster by Theresa Burns, David Stephen, Manish Kakkar, Purvi Mehta-Bhatt, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Durgatt Joshi, Jennifer Dawson and Craig Stephen presented at the 5th biennial conference of the International Association for Ecology and Health (EcoHealth 2014), Montreal, Canada, 11−15 August 2014.
Introduction
Uses and aims of epidemiology
Qualification
Jobs included
List of skills
Role of epidemiologists
Specializations
Courses offered
Public health significance
EcoHealth approach to control of zoonotic emerging infectious diseases in Sou...ILRI
Presented by Jeff Gilbert at the second scientific Asia and the Pacific symposium on "Sustainable diets: Human nutrition and livestock", Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 21 August 2013.
While science is a natural home for project-based learning techniques, blending in the global competencies and other subjects can sometimes be more challenging. This session will focus on approaches to incorporating global competencies in science in both elementary and secondary settings. We will look at some concrete examples and have opportunities to collaborate with colleagues throughout the network. Please bring a computer to this session as we will be accessing online resources.
Innovative research approaches to improve evidence in global healthEmilie Robert
Presentation given at the Canadian Conference on Global Health in 2015 in Montreal, with Federica Fregonese, Pierre Minn, Emilie Robert and Georges -Chalers Thiebaut
Food is the most important component of the planet, human society, and every individual. However, our current thinking about food is filled with disinformation and siloed thinking. Can we use technology to unify the silos and counter disinformation?
Value Chains for Nutrition in Rural India: investigating barriers among womenAg4HealthNutrition
A4NH and IFPRI Gender Task Force seminar on “Value Chains for Nutrition in Rural India: Investigating barriers to fruit and vegetable consumption among women of reproductive age” presented by Sarah Kehoe, Senior Research Fellow Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (MRC LEU), University of Southampton, UK
Measuring Infant and Young Child Complementary Feeding PracticesAg4HealthNutrition
In this presentation, Dr. Marie Ruel, Director of the Poverty, Health, and Nutrition Division of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) tackles the important issue of how to measure infant and young child feeding practices, as they relate to child nutrition. She explains indicators, current practices, and research gaps. Dr. Ruel also serves as leader of the research flagship on integrated nutrition programs and policies for the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), led by IFPRI. This presentation was delivered at the 87th Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop in Singapore May 8-11, 2016.
For more information on child nutrition research, please visit ifpri.org or a4nh.cgiar.org.
Training Session 4 – Raneri – Adapting the Gender Norms Case Study for NutritionAg4HealthNutrition
Training Session 4: Global Study on Gender Norms and Capacities to Innovate in Agriculture
Jessica Raneri
Adapting the Gender Norms Case Study for Nutrition
Training Session 4 – Bergman-Lodin – Intro to Global Study on Innovation in Ag IAg4HealthNutrition
Training Session 4: Global Study on Gender Norms and Capacities to Innovate in Agriculture
Johanna Bergman-Lodin
Intro to Global Study on Innovation in Ag I
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Leading Change strategies and insights for effective change management pdf 1.pdf
PPWNov13- Day 1 Keynote- D.Pelletier- Cornell
1. The Nutrition Policy Process:
A Role for Mode 2 Research
David Pelletier
Division of Nutritional Sciences
Cornell University
IFPRI Workshop on Approaches and Methods for Policy Process Research. Nov 18-20, 2013
3. Collaborators
Past
Present (Cornell)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Tahmeed Ahmed, ICDDR,B
Shamshir Ahmed, ICDDR,B
Allison Corsi, Cornell
Silvana Faillace, AED, HKI
Ed Frongillo, USC, Cornell
Suzanne Gervais, Cornell
Renee Hill, U Idaho, Cornell
Lesli Hoey, U Mich, Cornell
Robin Houston, Consultant
Purnima Menon, IFPRI, Cornell
Rebecca Stoltzfus, Cornell
Suzanne Gervais
Isabelle Michaud-Letourneau
Barnabas Natamba
Edna Possolo
Hajra Hafeez-ur-Rehman
Dia Sanou
Jackson Tumwine
Financial Supporters: AED/USAID, Centers for Disease Control, GAIN,
Micronutrient Initiative, UNICEF, World Bank
4. Trends in Society
• Nutrition has ascended on public and private agendas
• An extensive web of interconnected issues now is recognized
• Demand for results and accountability in public programs and
publicly funded research
• Demand for research on effectiveness of interventions at
scale (translational and implementation science)
• Nutrition research must respond to these trends in order to
remain relevant
13. What Kind of Problems Are We Dealing With?
Simple
Complex
The Nature of Problems
Complicated
Socially Complex / Wicked
Adapted from: Getting to Maybe: How the World is Changed. Westley, Zimmerman, Patton, 2006
14. Illustrations
Social Complexity in Nutrition Policy
“[] the donors and NGOs basically could not get their act together because
they were all arguing for their own special interest or their own view of
how things ought to be handled for nutrition.”
(International researcher and consultant to countries)
World Bank 2006
15. Batie, 2008. Amer. J. Agr. Econ. 90 (Number 5, 2008): 1176–1191. (Author holds endowed Chair in Food and
Agricultural Economics Policy, Dept of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics at Michigan State University)
16. The Nature of Problems
Implications of Wicked Problems for the Research Approach
“Because wicked problems are in essence “expressions of diverse and conflicting
values and interests” (Norton, 2012, p. 450), the process of working with
them is fundamentally social, and should not be scientized in the conventional
sense (Conklin & Weil, 2007).
“Instead of the partial and linear strategy of divide and conquer that aims at
searching for definitive solutions, it requires a holistic and process oriented
approach that is by nature adaptive, participatory, and transdisciplinary (APT
for short).
“By examining a wicked problem as a whole through a panoramic social lens
rather than a scientific microscope, and working with it through an open and
heuristic process of collective learning, exploration, and experimentation, the
APT approach promises to be efficacious in fostering collaborative behavior,
reducing conflicts, building trust among all stakeholders and communities
involved, and ultimately producing better and more satisfying results.
“With more empirical research and applications, a more developed APT
approach, along with innovative methods and skill sets, will be a competent
alternative to the traditional solution-seeking approaches.”
Xiang (Editorial) Landscape and Urban Planning 110:1– 4, 2013
17. Trends in science
The Multisectoral Nutrition Policy Process:
Complex Adaptive Systems (and Subsystems)
Donors NGO/CSO Ministries
Donors NGO/CSO Ministries
18. The NPP Complexity Context
Informal Governance Structures:
Stakeholder Network Map for Ethiopia
Source: www.transformnutrition.org/
Illustrations
19. Fd Sec & Nutr
Unit in PMs
The Nutrition Policy Process:
Fd Sec Unit Office
The Composite Case of
in PMs
NGO
MOH
Esperanza
Office
Comm- CommFish Farms
Supplem. Feeding Based Based
in clinics, schools, Nutr Ed Nutr Ed
High Lysine
NGO programs
Maize
BF Promotion
Nutr
Rehab
Units
Home gardening &
poultry
Clinic
GMP
Clinic nutrition education
1970
1980
The Nature of Problems
VitA campaigns
Host internatl conference
First Lady/Nutrition
IFA in
clinics
MOH Nutr Educ &
Nutr Rehab Units
Uncoordinated and competitive
NGO Comm-based programs
1990
Unified Natl
Nutr Strategy:
- Core objectives
- Diverse implem
2000
2010
Donor
Micronutrient
Agenda
Economic WHO,
NGO, FSNU,
NPP: dynamic, contingent, emergent, non-linear,
UNICEF
MOH, donor Cap
Stunting 45%
Crisis
Bldg
Advocacy
rapport
Donor
Wasting 6%
multi-scale, chaordic, open conflicts
systemsShared Better
Urban food
70% rural
U5MR 180
MatMR 2000
Anemia
VAD
Seasonal and chronic food insecurity
price spike
Weak
Commitment in
MOH, MOA, MOE
Weak networking
Skills in FSNU
USAID BF Program
Nutrition lost in
health sector reform
40% Absorptive
Capacity in MOH
Weak/no
evaluations
credit
Strategic
Alliance
for Nutr
NGO
networking, sharing,
voluntary coordination,
trust building, advocacy
evals
Staff
Turnover&
Donor
Conflicts
resume
20. The Nature of Problems
The Nature of Problems:
Bottom Line Message
“We can't solve problems by using the same kind
of thinking we used when we created them.”
Einstein
22. Trends in Science
Complexity and Systems Thinking
“I think the next century will be the century of complexity”
S. Hawking
“Every PhD student in everything should get to grips with the
‘chaos/complexity’ programme, not for reasons of fashion or
even legitimate career building, but because this is the way the
world works and we need to understand that”
D. Byrne
In: Complexity and the Social Sciences
23. Trends in science
Complexity and its Properties
“It is difficult, nowadays, to open a popular science
magazine, or a leading science journal, without reading
about complexity, the approach to science that is expected
to ‘define the scientific agenda for the 21st century’.1
Complexity theory is influencing fields as diverse as physics,2
cosmology,3 chemistry,4 geography,5 climate research,6
zoology,7 biology,8 evolutionary biology,9 cell biology,10
neuroscience,11 clinical medicine,12 management,13 and
economics.14 However, it has to date had relatively little
influence on the theory and practice of epidemiology.15 In
this paper we review the basic concepts of complexity
theory and discuss their relevance to epidemiology.”
27. The UK Foresight Project: :
http://www.bis.gov.uk/foresight
http://www.shiftn.com/obesity/zoom-map.html
28. Trends in science
2. Engaging with Complex Systems
“If you want to truly understand something, try to change it.”
-Kurt Lewin
29. 2. Engaging with Complex Systems
Trends in science
Research Question:
Can intentional complexity-aware actions
by some actors alter the behavior of the
system?
Properties of Complex Adaptive Systems
(a) nonlinear interdependencies
(b) self-organization
(c) emergence
(d) co-evolution w/
environment
(e) Interaction, learning and adaptation
among many actors
30. Mode 2 Knowledge Production
Trends in science
The central elements of sustainability science:
• inter- and intra-disciplinary research
• co-production of knowledge
• co-evolution of a complex system and its environment
• learning through doing and doing through learning
• system innovation instead of system optimization
Martens, P. 2006. Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy 2(1):36-41.
31. Trends in science
Research on Wicked Problems and Complex Adaptive Systems
“Much of the research and scholarship, as substantive as it may seem, remains largely a
repetitive description of the social reality of wickedness, rather than well-grounded
theoretical explorations or empirical investigations.
“Aside from substance, the peer reviewed scholarly publications on wicked problems
remain modest in quantity—our recent survey found a total of 332 cited papers on
the Scopus database in the Elsevier Editorial System, and 162 on Web of Science.
They are also geographically scattered, presenting a huge disparity across the
world.”
Xiang (Editorial) 2013
32. Clarifying (and Qualifying) the Complexity Space
and the Management Approach
Source: Barden, 2012. Complexity, Adaptation, and Results, Center for Global Development
http://www.cgdev.org/blog/complexity-adaptation-and-results
35. Population Nutrition Research
Frontier Dimensions
•
•
•
•
•
•
Why we study
What we study
Who we study
How we study: Methods
How we study: Approaches
Disciplines
36. Dimension
Current Tendencies
Frontiers
Why
Generalizable/ fundamental Actionable knowledge for stakeholders, orgs,
knowledge re. scientific
communities or publics at various scales;
questions
generalizable knowledge re. problem-solving
What
nutrients, nutritional status, laws, regulations, norms, programs, organizations,
food and nutrient intake,
systems, change processes in communities,
food insecurity, behavior
programs, policies, etc.
Who
women, infants, children,
elderly, consumers
policy makers, managers, implementers, leaders,
networks, coalitions, private sector actors,
citizens, universities
How
(methods)
limited range of quant and
qual methods: Interviews,
focus groups, regression,
trials…
social network analysis, discourse analysis, Q
methodology, document analysis, media analysis,
process tracing, stakeholder analysis, influence
mapping, program impact pathways, etc
How
(approach)
detached, objectivist,
positivist, reductionist,
behaviorist, hypothesis
testing…
engaged, participatory, action research, CBPR,
participant-observer, reflection in action,
embedded, emergent, systems- and complexityoriented, reflexive, etc
Disciplines
Nutrition, epi/biostatistics,
biomedicine, psychology,
social psychology…
economics, sociology, anthropology, policy
analysis, law, urban planning, political science,
organizational behavior, management sciences..
and TRANSDISCIPLINARY
37. “It is difficult, nowadays, to open a popular science magazine, or a
Population Nutrition Research
leading science journal, without reading about complexity, the
approach to science that is expected to ‘define the scientific agenda
for the 21st century’.1 Complexity theory is influencing fields as
diverse as physics,2 cosmology,3 chemistry,4 geography,5 climate
research,6 zoology,7 biology,8 evolutionary biology,9 cell biology,10
neuroscience,11 clinical medicine,12 management,13 and
economics.14 However, it has to date had relatively little influence
on the theory and practice of epidemiology.15 In this paper we
review the basic concepts of complexity theory and discussTotal
their
relevance to epidemiology.”
Journal Name
Nutrition Journals
Ecology of Food and Nutrition
Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior
Maternal and Child Nutrition
Journal of Nutrition
Public Health Nutrition
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition
and Physical Activity
Subtotal
nutrition
papers in
2012
19
90
47
308
252
No. of papers with
≥1 Mode 2
characteristic1
4
13
5
7
22
(21%)
(14%)
(11%)
(2%)
(9%)
46
1 (2%)
762
52 (7%)
Pham and Pelletier, in prep
38. Trends in science
Nutrition journals: Mode 2 "Methods"
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ethnographic narrative
Immersion-observation
Thematic analysis
Policy review
Onsite receipt collection
Iterative action research via workshops
Health-economic analysis
Stakeholder analysis
Consultative workshops
Systematic internet review
Emerging policy options with stakeholder input
Implementation pathways
Simulation of food intake patterns
Impact pathways
Pham and Pelletier, in prep
41. Illustrations
Our Complexity Context in All Cases
NPP: dynamic, contingent, emergent, non-linear,
multi-scale, chaordic, open systems
World Bank 2006
42. The NPP Complexity Context
Illustrations
Informal Governance Structures:
Stakeholder Network Map for Ethiopia
NPP: dynamic, contingent, emergent, non-linear,
multi-scale, chaordic, open systems
Source: www.transformnutrition.org/
43. Mainstreaming Nutrition Initiative (MNI)
(Scope: Bolivia, Guatemala, Peru, Vietnam, Bangladesh
plus 14 country narratives)
Feature
Description
Comment
Research
Question
What factors influence
movement of nutrition
within national policy
agendas?
Initially broad and open, with specific foci
emerging during engagement, and guided by
broad frameworks or elements of frameworks
Frameworks,
Elements
& Principles
Policy sciences, Shiffman,
Heaver, Kingdon, Potter and
Brough, Grounded theory
Used flexibly and as heuristics to guide our
attention to certain elements or dynamics and
to help interpret what we are seeing
Research
Methods
Participant-obs, Field notes,
Interviews, Documents,
Member checks, Peer debriefing
Emergent and eclectic; driven by need,
opportunity, feasibility and acceptability
Orientation
Transdisciplinary, contextual, problem-oriented, socially-engaged,
methodologically eclectic and reflexive
Key findings
Routes to agenda-setting; conflict in policy formulation; political attention vs
political commitment vs system commitment; strategic capacity
44. The Focus and Orientation of
Mainstreaming Nutrition
45. African Nutrition Security Partnership (ANSP)
(Scope: Burkina Faso, Mali, Ethiopia, Uganda)
Feature
Deacription
Comment
Research
Question
What factors influence
movement of nutrition
within national policy
agendas?
Initially broad and open, with specific foci
emerging during engagement, and guided by
broad frameworks or elements of frameworks
Frameworks,
Elements
& Principles
Complex Adaptive Systems,
Developmental Evaluation
Policy sciences, Action
Research, Change mgt,
Adaptive management
Used flexibly and as heuristics to guide our
attention to certain elements or dynamics and
to help interpret what we are seeing
Research
Methods
Participant-obs, Field notes
Practitioner profiles, NetMap
Q methodology, Workshop
docs, Interviews, Others tbd
Emergent and eclectic; chosen for their
reflective potential (participatory learning);
and chosen to be as non-intrusive and nonextractive as possible
Orientation
Transdisciplinary, contextual, problem-oriented, socially-engaged,
methodologically eclectic and reflexive
Key findings
In process
47. Program Assessment Guide (PAG)
(Scope: 3 countries with full workshops: Kyrgyz, Bolivia, Haiti
2 countries with partial workshops : Nepal, Tanzania)
Feature
Description
Comment
Research
Question
Can the PAG improve the
design and delivery of
nutrition interventions?
What factors influence its
performance?
PAG was designed as an intervention in a
moderately complex systems. The research
question is more focused than MNI and ANSP
Frameworks,
Elements
& Principles
Results orientation
Program theory
Management, Change mgt,
Adaptive management
Principles from multiple frameworks were
used in designing the PAG;
Multiple frameworks will be used in
evaluating experience with PAG
Research
Methods
Partic-obs, Interviews
Pre/post workshop eval
Workshop documents
Long-term follow-up
Methods for evaluating the PAG have been
challenged by the dynamic nature of
workshops, the need for longer-term followup and lack of an explicit counterfactual
Orientation
Contextual, problem-oriented and socially engaged; transdisciplinary, but
emphasizing mgt and action research
Key findings
Feasibility of PAG assessment; overlooked and contextualized bottlenecks;
motivating influence of implementers’ participation; weak follow-up
50. Mainstreaming Nutrition
Mainstreaming Nutrition Initiative
•
•
•
Funded by World Bank nutrition section
ICDDR,B, Cornell: 2006-8
Objective: develop approaches and experience in moving nutrition
from the status of a marginal issue with time-limited funding to a
permanent feature on policy agendas and in MCN programs and policies
Methods:
•
1.
–
–
2.
–
–
3.
–
–
Cross-country study (interviews, written case studies, observations)
30 respondents (nationals, researchers, NGOs, donors)
18 country experiences
Focal countries (participant-observer and interviews):
Bolivia, Guatemala, Peru
Vietnam, Bangladesh
Conflict and consensus sub-studies (interviews)
Bolivia
Guatemala
51. Mainstreaming Nutrition
Mainstreaming Nutrition Initiative
Policy Process Study
What factors
influence the
development of
the national
nutrition agenda?
What are some
promising
avenues for future
efforts?
Country Experiences
53. Points of Contention
Mainstreaming Nutrition
“[] the donors and NGOs basically could not get their act together because
they were all arguing for their own special interest or their own view of
how things ought to be handled for nutrition.” (International researcher
and consultant to countries)
54. Mainstreaming Nutrition
Strategies and Tactics
“[] they had a lot of disagreements
but they always went ahead with
one voice. They sat behind closed
doors and didn’t get out, but then
they put on a good face when they
came out and had one
recommendation. (Donor agency)
56. Mainstreaming Nutrition
Strategic Capacity
The human and institutional capacity to:
• build commitment, vision and consensus
towards a long-term national nutrition
agenda,
aka- the ability to
• broker agreements,
work within
• resolve conflicts,
a Complex
• respond to recurring challenges and
Adaptive System!!!
opportunities,
• build relationships,
• undertake strategic communications,
• strengthen operational capacities and
implementation as part of the national
nutrition agenda
60. Program Implementation
Program Assessment Guide (PAG)
Processes
Outputs
Participatory Procedures To
Strengthen:
1. Action Plan to
Address Barriers
& Enablers
• The Systematic Integration Of
Evidence, Contextual Knowledge &
Experience
2. Operations
Research
Agenda
• Shared understanding, commitment,
ownership, motivation & capacity to
advance the micronutrient agenda
3. Issues for
Inclusion in
M&E
•Links with the broader nutrition and
health agendas in the country
4. Strategic Plan to
Build Support,
Capacity &
Sustainability
Pelletier AED PAG Training Jan 5-7, 2011
61. Program Implementation
Applications of the PAG
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Kyrgyzstan (micronutrient powders)
Bolivia (micronutrient powders)
Nepal (iron-folate supplements)
Tanzania (iron-folate supplements)
Haiti (mobile clinic w/ IFA)
Haiti (community-based programs
w/ multiple interventions)
Haiti (Child Health Weeks w/ vit A)
62. Lessons Learned
1. Sponsorship, Responsibility,
Commitment, Follow-up
2. Timing
3. Preparation
4. Participants
5. Contextuality (selection and sequencing)
6. Time constraints
7. Facilitation
Pelletier AED PAG Training Jan 5-7, 2011
Program Implementation
Before the workshop
During the workshop
64. ANSP
(African Nutrition Security Partnership)
• UNICEF/EU, 3 year project
• Build on MNI and PAG
• Focus on:
– Strategic capacities
– Adaptive Management
– Developmental Evaluation
ANSP
65. ANSP
Africa Nutrition Security Partnership (ANSP) 2011-2015
UNICEF implements
EU funds
EU
Objective
Reduce stunting by:
promoting, developin
g and adopting a
multisectoral
approach
1.
2.
3.
4.
4 Pillars
Up-stream policy
development and nutrition
security awareness
Institutional development
& capacity building
Develop useful information
systems and data analysis
Scale-up interventions
66. ANSP, Cornell contribution 2013-2015
“Strategic capacity and adaptive management of multisectoral nutrition policies and programs”
1. strengthen strategic capacity within the national
nutrition netywork
2. strengthen the capacity (and a model) for adaptive
management of community-based, multisectoral
nutrition strategies in selected districts
3. support real-time collective learning, sharing and
documentation of project experiences.
70. The Nature of Frontiers
• Detailed maps do no exist – they are vague, sketchy and made
during exploration and settlement
• Explorers must be willing to embrace
uncertainty, danger, hardship and hunger, so the tangible
rewards (and/or the quest for discovery) must be substantial
• New tools, skills and relationships will be needed to survive
and thrive in the new lands
• Native inhabitants, fellow travelers and explorers from other
lands possess valuable knowledge to aid the process
• Frontiers move in many directions and over varied terrains, so
diversity in focus and approach is warranted
71. Summary
•
•
•
Nutrition has “arrived”
“Nutrition” is no longer just “nutrition”
How can we deliver results at-scale?
“We can't solve problems by using the same
kind of thinking we used when we created
them.”
Einstein
“I think the next century will be the century of
complexity”
S. Hawking
“If you want to truly understand
something, try to change it.”
Kurt Lewin
“Every PhD student in everything should get to grips with the ‘chaos/complexity’
programme, not for reasons of fashion or even legitimate career building, but because this
is the way the world works and we need to understand that”
D. Byrne
“Much of the research and scholarship, as substantive as it may seem, remains largely a
repetitive description of the social reality of wickedness, rather than well-grounded
theoretical explorations or empirical investigations.
Xiang
In many cases the distinctions shown in these tables are a matter of degree or emphasis rather than discrete categories, and exceptions can be found in the literature. The table is intended to convey a sense of where the frontiers are moving or can move in the future. The categories listed under What we Study and Who we Study are intentionally broad and non-specific. They embrace a wide range of potential objects of study at the level ‘above the consumer.’ We will not pretend or aim to cover or give examples of all of these. The more important and main contribution of the symposium is to expose participants to new types of questions, new research approaches and a wider range of research methods, with the recognition that they will need to customize the methods for their own particular research questions.
Intentional capacity building at national and sub-national levelsSupport development of strategic allies/ increase their capacities to seize opportunities, develop vision of how to solve nutrition in the country, take or mobilize action, mobilize funds, etc. Develop capacities in district level managers to develop the intelligence and skills to identify and fix implementation bottlenecks in timely fashion, vs. waiting for formal evaluation periods when it is too late for adjustments. important aspect that applies to #1 and #2, is real time collective learning through a set of tools enabling reflective practice and for engaging actors and documentation of the emergent knowledge.