The document presents an overview of graphical representation techniques in biostatistics and computational biology, focusing on bar graphs, histograms, and pie charts. It explains the advantages of graphical representations, such as improved understanding and efficiency in data analysis, while also noting their disadvantages, including resource intensity and potential cost. The presentation serves as a guideline for visualizing data effectively across various fields.

1. PRESENTATION
ON
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
OF
BIOSTATISTICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
DR. HARI SINGH GOUR UNIVERSITY SAGAR
Submitted by
Siddharth Rajput
M.Sc Zoology

2. OUTLINE
• Introduction
• Bar graph
• Types of Bar graph
• Histogram
• Pie chart
• Advantages & disadvantages

3. INTRODUCTION
• Graphical Representation:
• It is a way of analyzing numerical data. It exhibits the relation between
data, ideas, information and concepts in a diagram. It is easy to understand and it is one
of the most important learning strategies. It always depends on the type of information in
a particular domain. There are different types of graphical representation. Some of them
are as follows:
• Bar Graphs
• Bar Graph is used to display the category of data and it compares the data
using solid bars to represent the quantities.
• Histograms
• The graph that uses bars to represent the frequency of numerical data that are
organized into intervals. Since all the intervals are equal and continuous, all the bars have
the same width.
• Circle Graph
• Also known as the pie chart that shows the relationships of the parts of the
whole. The circle is considered with 100% and the categories occupied is represented with
that specific percentage like 15%, 56%, etc.

4. • A Graph is defined as a chart with statistical data, which
are represented in the form of curves or lines drawn across
the coordinate point plotted on its surface. It helps to study
the relationship between two variables where it helps to
measure the change in the variable amount with respect to
another variable within a given interval of time. It helps to
study the series distribution and frequency distribution for a
given problem.

5. BAR GRAPH:
• A bar graph is a chart that uses either horizontal or vertical
bars to show comparisons among categories .

6. Represent a
discrete value
axis
Axis
Show the
specific
categories
being
compared

7. TYPES OF BAR GRAPH

8. PIE CHART
• A pie chart is a circular chart which is divided into
sector represented the size of the data. It is also
known as circle graph . Remember that there are 360
degree in a circle so each group in the pie chart will
be a proportional of 360 degree.

9. TYPE OF PIE CHART
PIE OF PIE PIE OF BAR
1. 2- D Pie
2. 3- D Pie
3. Doughnut

10. HISTOGRAM
• It is the representation of a frequency distribution by means of rectangle
whose width represent class intervals and whose area are proportional to
the corresponding frequency.
• A histogram is one of the most frequently used data
visualization techniques in machine learning. It represents the distribution
of a continuous variable over a given interval or period of time.
Histograms plot the data by dividing it into intervals called ‘bins’.
•

11. PARTS OF HISTOGRAM

12. ADVANTAGES OF GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF
DATA
• The graph is easily understood by everyone without any prior knowledge
• It provides a more lasting effect on the brain.
• It improves the way of analyzing and learning as the graphical
representation makes the data easy to understand.
• It saves time.
• It can be used in almost all fields from mathematics to physics to
psychology and so on.
• It is easy to understand for its visual impacts.
• It shows the whole and huge data in an instance.
• This kind of representation is more effective in understanding and
comparing data than seen in a tabular form.
• The visual representation give clarity to represented data..

13. DISADVANTAGES OF GRAPHICAL
REPRESENTATION OF DATA
• The main disadvantage of graphical representation of
data is that it takes a lot of effort as well as resources to
find the most appropriate data and then represent it
graphically.
• The reports of graphical representation are costly because
of the images, and colours.
• Graphs show the complete view of data that can not keep
anything from being kept secret.

14. REFERENCE
• http://en.wikipiedia.org/wiki/bar chart
• http://mathcentral.uregina.ca./QQ/database/QQ.09.9
9/raeluck1.html