Data Center Market and Technology Trends Power Electronics presentation held at APEC 2016 from Yole Développement

From Technologies to Market
APEC 2016 – Long Beach (CA)
From Technologies to Market
© 2016
Data Center
Market and
Technology Trends
in Power
Electronics

2
SOME FIGURES
©2016 | www.yole.fr | Data Centers
8h of videos / min
uploaded to YouTube
300h of videos / min
1,000 million websites
are now running
3 billion people now
online
250,000 words are
published on Google’s
Blogger platform / min
In 2010:
Today:
By 2018, 76% of global data center traffic will
come from cloud services & applications.
Source: Cisco

3
MAIN 4 CHARACTERISTICS
• High concentration of heat
• All the concentrated electronics generate huge
amount of heat in a closed space
• Huge amounts of data
• Increasing need for bandwidth
• Requirements on extremely high
(24/7) data availability and security
• Very high electricity consumption
• A proximity of a point access to very high electrical power is required
• Multi-sourcing
• Strong trends toward the use of renewable electricity sources (hydro,
PV, wind…)

4
POWER REQUIREMENTS OF A DATA CENTER
Extremely inefficient
• To supply the IT equipment with a
power of 60 kW, at least 150 kW
are required.
• Virtually, every watt expended in a
server room in terms of processing
power, power supplies, lighting, etc. is
turned into heat.
PUE = 2.5
*PUE = Power Usage Effectiveness

5
HOW MUCH OF WORLDWIDE POWER IS NEEDED BY DATA CENTERS?
Required power evolution for the period 2010–2020
In 2015, Data
Center
power needs
represent
1.62% of
worldwide
production. In
2020, it will
be 1.9%.
TOTAL 28.5 31.6 34.6 37.7 40.2 43.2 45.9 48.8 52.0 54.8 58.0
CAGR 15-20
10.6%
11.2%
6.8%
4.2%
5.8%
Data Center facilities installed power (in GW)
PowerrequirementinGW

6
ENERGY CONSUMPTION EVOLUTION
Consumed energy with an average PUE of 1.75
In 2014 an
estimated
350TWh
were
consumed by
data centers.
It is 100TWh
more than in
2010.

7
GLOBAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Evolution with a decreasing average PUE, due to new technologies
• Each hypothesis fixes new PUEs by region from the mentioned years onward.
• Each new hypothesis also takes into account the previous hypothesis.
The actual evolution takes into
account the following PUE:
- North America: 1.7
- Europe: 1.7
- Asian-Pacific: 1.74
- Latin America: 1.83
- MEA: 1.88
Hypothesis 1 (from 2018 on):
- Silicon Photonics
implementation
- Average PUE between 1.6–1.7
- WBG devices in power
equipment
- Average PUE: 1.45–1.6
- Facility level DC grids
- Average PUE: 1.2–1.3
-29%
-13%
TWh

8
INVESTMENTS IN DATA CENTERS
Internet content and application providers’ investments
• In 2014, around $143B was
invested worldwide in new data
center projects.
• Content and application
providers alone invest $40B
annually into networks, facilities,
and equipment—majority of that
to hosting infrastructure.
• 60 new large data centers
(>3,000 square meters) are
expected in Western Europe by
2020.
$9.7B
Asian-Pacific
$2.0B
The Middle East
and Africa
$4.6B
Latin America
$10.9B
North
America
$12.8B
Europe

9
FINLAND’S DATA CENTER
Cold climate location examples
• Google’s data center uses a high-tech cooling system,
which uses sea water from the Bay of Finland, reducing
energy use.
• The PUE on this installation is 1.14.
• In Helsiki, providing heat for 500 homes at the city center.
• The water is warmed while cooling the servers; it travels into
surrounding homes and flats as heat.
• The water comes from chilly Baltic sea.
• The consumed energy for cooling is reduced by 80%.
Google’s Data Center in Hamina (Finland)
Data Center in Helsinki (Finland)

© 2016
New generation
data center technical
challenges

11
TECHNOLOGICAL ROADMAP
SSD memory widely deployed
• Explosive growth on NAND
market
• Samsung introduced 3D NAND
structure in 2013
Architectures
Design evolution
DC grid data centers
• Widespread but
adopted over time
2020
2012
2025
SiC-based UPS
• Launched by Toshiba
• 98% efficiency for double
conversion
2005
2015
2018
2014
Silicon Photonics
• For high-speed
data transmission
in data centers
DC safety breakers
• Commercially available for
data center use
DC grid demonstrator facilities
• ABB announced the opening
of a DC powered data center
in Zurich
GaN / SiC equipment
• GaN-based PSU from 2019 on
• SiC-based UPS from 2020 on
2013
2006
Rack-level liquid cooling
• Water or refrigerant
2019
Emerging NVMs
• Replacing NAND flash in 2018
• Replacing DRAM working
memory in 2019
2021
Active Optical Cables
• AOC products
commercially available
Containerized data centers
• Google builds its first data
center based on containers

12
EFFICIENCY
Power efficiency is being
sought!!
Technological
developments
DC gridWBG Cooling systems, etc..

13
WBG DEVICES
Where could SiC & GaN devices enter in data centers?
• Today, several SiC devices can be found on the
market in the 600V–1700V range.
• GaN devices are less accessible, with last devices
reaching 650V.
SiC wafers
Data Center power distribution chain:
SiC & GaN
GaN
Where could SiC & GaN
devices be used?

14
WHY SiC & GaN ADDVALUE?
High electron mobility
High Junction
Temperature
No recovery time
during switching
Low losses
less energy to dissipate
Fewer cooling
needs
System size and
weight
reduction
High switching
frequency
Smaller filters
and passives
Intrinsic
properties
Impact on
operation
Impact on
power module
Impact on
power system

15
WBG DEVICES
Today’s status & roadmap
Yole does not
believe that
data centers
are going to
start using such
equipment in
masse before
2020.
• First SiC-based UPS for a data center has been
recently launched byToshiba (2015).
SiC-based UPS for
data centers
launched by Toshiba
2015 2020
SiC-based UPS
equipment used in
data centers
Roadmap
Wide-Band Gap devices on data centers
2019
GaN devices
entering PSUs
• GaN based DC-DC demonstrators have also been
developed by EPC, which could be used as Power
Supply Unit (PSU) of servers.

16
SiC BASED UPS
Toshiba
• Toshiba International Corporation announced on 1st June 2015 a SiC-based three-phase UPS.
• Its new G2020 series UPS reaches 98% efficiency at 50% load due to its silicon carbide power modules.
• It generates less heat, noise and interferences.
• It has lower cooling costs and it saves energy as compared to the conventional UPS.
• Toshiba G2020 UPS has a 17% smaller footprint than its G9000 predecessor.
• The new G2020 is available in 500 and 750kVA.
The predecessor model G9000 of Toshiba

17
GaN BASED POWER SUPPLY
EPC
• EPC presented a 500W high power density GaN-based eighth brick supply at APEC 2015
conference (Charlotte, North Carolina).
• A DC-DC converter based on Gallium Nitride could be a good candidate to supply the servers with an efficient,
smaller and less-heat-producing converter.Even if it is still
early to see
commercially
available GaN-
based
converters for
data centers,
some demos
already show
their benefits.
Demonstrator of 200W 1/8 brick DC-DC using GaN devices
Source: EPC

18
WBG DEVICES
Potential impact on data centers
• They will bring to the
market systems that are
more efficient, smaller,
and have fewer cooling
requirements.
Impact on data center
equipment WBG devices
IT +
Server density could be increased.
UPS, PDU and other power
converters ++++
SiC or GaN devices will change the
topology, filters and control of power
converters -> Improved efficiency
Cooling ++++
The cooling systems could be reduced on
UPS and PSU, asWBG devices generate
fewer losses.
Time-to-market (for WBG-
based equipment in data
centers
3–5 years

19
A NEW POWER DISTRIBUTION ARCHITECTURE
DC power
A new power distribution system under
discussion is driven by …
DC power would create a more efficient, space and
cost saving distribution network.

20
MAIN REASONS TO USE DC POWER
Why would a DC power distribution be
more efficient?
Most of the final loads
use DC current
Less conversion
steps
Smaller footprint
Lower maintenance
costs
Simplifying the power
distribution chain results in
less space needed system and
lower maintenance costs

21
DC ARCHITECTURE
From AC to DC power distribution in Data Centers
AC distribution
DC distribution removes 2
conversion steps
AC is 400 Vrms in Europe and 120 Vrms or 240 Vrms in the US
DC can be 48V, 326V or 380V depending on the region and the power load
POL: point-of-load
VRM: voltage regulation modules
Redundant
Redundant
A 10% to 20% energy savings on
the overall Data center is
expected by moving to DC
distribution

22
MAIN DRAWBACKS
But there are still several barriers that prevent a DC architecture
being used in new Data Centers
– Lack of appropriate DC standards
– Lack of DC electrical components
– Strong reliability and safety
requirements
Barriers
Apart from technical
barriers, there is a
strong psychological
barrier
Today, many players are averse to
changing the standards.

23
DC GRID ARCHITECTURE
Today’s status & roadmap
• Today, what is already being used in some cases is an
hybrid DC solution, which consists of row/rack level
DC distribution.
• Even though it has not been standardized yet, the
+/-380V DC has been widely adopted as the
reference DC voltage.
• Another DC grid solution proposes a 3kV DC
power distribution architecture.
• EATON is following R&D development on this solution.
2025
DC grid could start
widely being used
at facility level from
2025 on
2012
ABB’s DC powered
Zurich West demonstrator
data center
2018
400V DC safety breakers
commercially available for
data centers

24
DC GRID ARCHITECTURE
Potential impact on data centers
Less conversion
steps
Less heat dissipation
Smaller footprint
Energy savings
Impact on data center
equipment DC grid
IT + More space for the IT
UPS, PDU and power
converters
+++++ Less conversion steps -> Just an
AC/DC converter and battery pack
directly connected to the DC bus
Cooling +++ Less number of converters from whom
dissipate the power losses.
Time-to-market +5-10 years

25
DC EQUIPMENT PLAYERS
Players involved in the development of DC solutions:

27
CONCLUSION
• Efforts on developing more efficient technologies for data centers are being done in many
technical fields.
• Yole sees a potential for SiC devices in UPS systems.
• In the case of GaN devices, as they are commercially available for lower voltages, their
use would be limited to the PSU (Power supply unit) of the servers.
• Slight efficiency improvements of 1% already mean a huge energy savings and therefore,
cost saving.
• On DC distribution networks in data centers the development and demonstrator
projects are still in early stage in order to consider which architecture (380 VDC, >1kVDC,
etc.) will be the chosen solution.

29©2016 | www.yole.fr | About Yole Développement
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Data Center Market and Technology Trends Power Electronics presentation held at APEC 2016 from Yole Développement

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