Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
E learning criterias- one of researchs that i found interestingNorfaizah Bidin
This document discusses criteria for evaluating elearning programs. It begins by highlighting the need to support elearning initiatives through ongoing research and evaluation. It then discusses evaluating elearning programs at multiple levels, including infrastructure, administration, educational processes, teacher training, and content. The document also emphasizes the importance of assessing the readiness of education systems to integrate technology. It proposes using indicators and tools to evaluate elearning programs according to dimensions like access to infrastructure, ICT use, teacher training, and support.
This document discusses technical, industrial, vocational education and training (TIVET) in Kenya. It examines the objectives and challenges of TIVET, which include relevance, accessibility, coordination, personnel, and outdated tools/equipment. A comprehensive training needs analysis could help address some challenges by identifying stakeholder needs, training areas, and objectives to design a more responsive curriculum. However, other issues require a multi-level approach involving various stakeholders to fully support TIVET's role in Kenya's development goals.
The document discusses the Common Professional Component (CPC) assessment tool used to evaluate business programs. The CPC directly measures student learning outcomes across common business disciplines like marketing, finance, and management. It provides administrators with concrete evidence to assess programs, courses, and student competency. Using the CPC ensures business schools meet accreditation standards for continuous improvement and demonstrating what students have learned across their program of study.
Assessment and Evaluation System in Engineering Education of UG Programmes at...ijtsrd
Assessment is one of the most critical dimensions in engineering education process it focuses not only on identifying how many of the predefined education goals and objectives outcomes have been achieved but also works as a feedback component for educators to upgrade their teaching practices. The assessment can be seen as a link that it forms with other education processes. Lamprianou et al. 2009 point out that assessment is associated with the educational objectives of "evaluation, diagnosis, guidance, selection, placement, administration, prediction or grading. Assessment is one main factors that contribute to a high quality teaching and learning environment and student's performance as whole. It also makes clearer what teachers expect from students Biggs et al., 1999 . The perceived difficulty in this process is how assessment system, approaches and schemes can be standardized and adapted across the premier institutes NITs of in the country. Credit system has been used widely by many HEIs in India for over 20 years but no nationally agreed and rationalized framework of credit and Credit Transfer and Accumulation System is developed. The purpose of the literature review is to outline research studies in the assessment and evaluation systems being practicedand to highlight the studies that can be used in the research project undertaken. Specifically, the literature review attempts to address the following research questions What researches are undertaken nationally and internationally into the assessment system in higher education, especially engineering education What are the key findings from these researches What are the limits delimitations of these researches Are there research findings could be applied to engineering education at UG in NITs in India Are there any prime concern for future research in this area From this literature review, it is apparent that a very few number of studies have been conducted in higher education institutions but no research was found in the context of Engineering Education specific to UG programmes and NITs. However, many innovations are on the way to improvise the assessment and evaluation mechanisms in the engineering education especially in the context of Outcome Based Education OBE . J. P. Tegar | Shreya Gupta "Assessment and Evaluation System in Engineering Education of UG Programmes at Premier Institutes (NITs) in India - A Review of Literature" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30921.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/30921/assessment-and-evaluation-system-in-engineering-education-of-ug-programmes-at-premier-institutes-nits-in-india--a-review-of-literature/j-p-tegar
Evaluate and improve high school students for some skills using quality funct...Rania Elrifai
5. RECOMMENDATIONS
Due to the needing for the inevitable to raise the level of academic must attention means that enable to improve the level of education , which has become the other nations advanced dramatically despite the fact that these methods do not cost a lot of money, time and effort g spite of the results that will return us over time, which will advance our Islamic nation, especially the Arab world General, and therefore we recommend in our study that the characteristics we have learned to be starting out in the early stages, even before the beginning of the school stage( kindergarten),
for example, enable the child to display a simple subject and talk about it in front of his colleagues earned many skills, including the courageous confrontation, connect with others and instil confidence that makes a strong base for the personal leadership of the children, and do not forget that the child is affected by the environment around them, so take care of this opportunity to improve our future generations, through our study, there are some of the things want to be displayed and recommend as the following:
2. Use laptops instead of bags that weigh weights strain our children as well as the ease to download the curriculum according to each level
3. The use of laptop computers to facilitate the process of Internet connectivity and to keep pace with scientific development.
4. Focus on the internet linking and connection with as consideration a part of topics of courses inside the
International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications
Volume 7–Issue 10,401-405, 2018, ISSN:-2319–7560
405
curriculum for raising the education quality level of each level.
5. Concern on these skills from the beginning of the school at first stage as consider the basic level is the base for future a generation.
6. Mainstreaming the introduction of these skills in the early stages of the study as consider there are available applications but need funder and support from the government.
7. Support the confidence of children through the presentation in front of his colleagues and his parents are present.
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
In this study, I would like to thank Dr. Galal Abdella. Assistant Professor of the faculty of the Faculty of Engineering, Benghazi University, Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, who taught us this scientific material in the master degree in 2014 AD, which he has provided us with a lot of information and which has always been a race for creative ideas. By equipping students to the level of international universities. All thanks and appreciation
An Empirical Study on Attainment of Course Outcome for an Engineering course ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSRJRME) is an open access journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of research & method in education. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced research & method in education concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
This document describes a digitally automated outcomes assessment system developed by the Faculty of Engineering at the Islamic University in Madinah. The key aspects of the system include:
1. Measuring outcomes at the introductory, reinforced, and mastery levels of courses to better track student performance throughout their education.
2. Using evaluation software and a standardized course assessment report format to automate the collection of outcomes data from existing student assessments and evaluations.
3. Classifying specific performance indicators according to Bloom's three domains of learning and three levels of skills to facilitate measuring outcomes across different learning levels.
4. Designing assessments to directly measure individual performance indicators to obtain precise outcomes data for continuous improvement purposes
Anempirical study on the performance of self financing engineering colleges (...prjpublications
This document discusses a study on the performance of self-financing engineering colleges in India that are autonomous versus non-autonomous. A questionnaire was administered to faculty members to collect data on 21 quality dimensions related to inputs and outcomes. Statistical analysis found significant differences between autonomous and non-autonomous colleges in 10 dimensions. Most input dimensions were significantly correlated with outcome dimensions, regardless of college category. Previous literature on defining and measuring quality in engineering education is reviewed, focusing on frameworks used for accreditation and rankings.
E learning criterias- one of researchs that i found interestingNorfaizah Bidin
This document discusses criteria for evaluating elearning programs. It begins by highlighting the need to support elearning initiatives through ongoing research and evaluation. It then discusses evaluating elearning programs at multiple levels, including infrastructure, administration, educational processes, teacher training, and content. The document also emphasizes the importance of assessing the readiness of education systems to integrate technology. It proposes using indicators and tools to evaluate elearning programs according to dimensions like access to infrastructure, ICT use, teacher training, and support.
This document discusses technical, industrial, vocational education and training (TIVET) in Kenya. It examines the objectives and challenges of TIVET, which include relevance, accessibility, coordination, personnel, and outdated tools/equipment. A comprehensive training needs analysis could help address some challenges by identifying stakeholder needs, training areas, and objectives to design a more responsive curriculum. However, other issues require a multi-level approach involving various stakeholders to fully support TIVET's role in Kenya's development goals.
The document discusses the Common Professional Component (CPC) assessment tool used to evaluate business programs. The CPC directly measures student learning outcomes across common business disciplines like marketing, finance, and management. It provides administrators with concrete evidence to assess programs, courses, and student competency. Using the CPC ensures business schools meet accreditation standards for continuous improvement and demonstrating what students have learned across their program of study.
Assessment and Evaluation System in Engineering Education of UG Programmes at...ijtsrd
Assessment is one of the most critical dimensions in engineering education process it focuses not only on identifying how many of the predefined education goals and objectives outcomes have been achieved but also works as a feedback component for educators to upgrade their teaching practices. The assessment can be seen as a link that it forms with other education processes. Lamprianou et al. 2009 point out that assessment is associated with the educational objectives of "evaluation, diagnosis, guidance, selection, placement, administration, prediction or grading. Assessment is one main factors that contribute to a high quality teaching and learning environment and student's performance as whole. It also makes clearer what teachers expect from students Biggs et al., 1999 . The perceived difficulty in this process is how assessment system, approaches and schemes can be standardized and adapted across the premier institutes NITs of in the country. Credit system has been used widely by many HEIs in India for over 20 years but no nationally agreed and rationalized framework of credit and Credit Transfer and Accumulation System is developed. The purpose of the literature review is to outline research studies in the assessment and evaluation systems being practicedand to highlight the studies that can be used in the research project undertaken. Specifically, the literature review attempts to address the following research questions What researches are undertaken nationally and internationally into the assessment system in higher education, especially engineering education What are the key findings from these researches What are the limits delimitations of these researches Are there research findings could be applied to engineering education at UG in NITs in India Are there any prime concern for future research in this area From this literature review, it is apparent that a very few number of studies have been conducted in higher education institutions but no research was found in the context of Engineering Education specific to UG programmes and NITs. However, many innovations are on the way to improvise the assessment and evaluation mechanisms in the engineering education especially in the context of Outcome Based Education OBE . J. P. Tegar | Shreya Gupta "Assessment and Evaluation System in Engineering Education of UG Programmes at Premier Institutes (NITs) in India - A Review of Literature" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30921.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/30921/assessment-and-evaluation-system-in-engineering-education-of-ug-programmes-at-premier-institutes-nits-in-india--a-review-of-literature/j-p-tegar
Evaluate and improve high school students for some skills using quality funct...Rania Elrifai
5. RECOMMENDATIONS
Due to the needing for the inevitable to raise the level of academic must attention means that enable to improve the level of education , which has become the other nations advanced dramatically despite the fact that these methods do not cost a lot of money, time and effort g spite of the results that will return us over time, which will advance our Islamic nation, especially the Arab world General, and therefore we recommend in our study that the characteristics we have learned to be starting out in the early stages, even before the beginning of the school stage( kindergarten),
for example, enable the child to display a simple subject and talk about it in front of his colleagues earned many skills, including the courageous confrontation, connect with others and instil confidence that makes a strong base for the personal leadership of the children, and do not forget that the child is affected by the environment around them, so take care of this opportunity to improve our future generations, through our study, there are some of the things want to be displayed and recommend as the following:
2. Use laptops instead of bags that weigh weights strain our children as well as the ease to download the curriculum according to each level
3. The use of laptop computers to facilitate the process of Internet connectivity and to keep pace with scientific development.
4. Focus on the internet linking and connection with as consideration a part of topics of courses inside the
International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications
Volume 7–Issue 10,401-405, 2018, ISSN:-2319–7560
405
curriculum for raising the education quality level of each level.
5. Concern on these skills from the beginning of the school at first stage as consider the basic level is the base for future a generation.
6. Mainstreaming the introduction of these skills in the early stages of the study as consider there are available applications but need funder and support from the government.
7. Support the confidence of children through the presentation in front of his colleagues and his parents are present.
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
In this study, I would like to thank Dr. Galal Abdella. Assistant Professor of the faculty of the Faculty of Engineering, Benghazi University, Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, who taught us this scientific material in the master degree in 2014 AD, which he has provided us with a lot of information and which has always been a race for creative ideas. By equipping students to the level of international universities. All thanks and appreciation
An Empirical Study on Attainment of Course Outcome for an Engineering course ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSRJRME) is an open access journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of research & method in education. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced research & method in education concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
This document describes a digitally automated outcomes assessment system developed by the Faculty of Engineering at the Islamic University in Madinah. The key aspects of the system include:
1. Measuring outcomes at the introductory, reinforced, and mastery levels of courses to better track student performance throughout their education.
2. Using evaluation software and a standardized course assessment report format to automate the collection of outcomes data from existing student assessments and evaluations.
3. Classifying specific performance indicators according to Bloom's three domains of learning and three levels of skills to facilitate measuring outcomes across different learning levels.
4. Designing assessments to directly measure individual performance indicators to obtain precise outcomes data for continuous improvement purposes
Anempirical study on the performance of self financing engineering colleges (...prjpublications
This document discusses a study on the performance of self-financing engineering colleges in India that are autonomous versus non-autonomous. A questionnaire was administered to faculty members to collect data on 21 quality dimensions related to inputs and outcomes. Statistical analysis found significant differences between autonomous and non-autonomous colleges in 10 dimensions. Most input dimensions were significantly correlated with outcome dimensions, regardless of college category. Previous literature on defining and measuring quality in engineering education is reviewed, focusing on frameworks used for accreditation and rankings.
1) The document provides information on the Foundation Degree in Mechanical Engineering program, including its aims, learning outcomes, and teaching methods.
2) The program aims to produce graduates with broad understanding of mechanical analysis and design combined with awareness of engineering practice, project management, and critical thinking skills. It covers disciplines like mechanics, mathematics, manufacturing, and stresses developing employability.
3) Learning outcomes include knowledge of engineering principles, materials, science and IT, as well as intellectual skills like problem-solving, design, evaluation, and independent thinking. Teaching methods include lectures, projects, work-based learning, and developing skills is assessed through coursework, projects, and exams.
The purpose of this Programme Exit Survey (PES) was to provide data to gauge perceptions of various aspects of programmes and services offered and to identify areas where improvements may be needed in the Department of Electronic Engineering (Computer) JKE, Politeknik Kota Kinabalu (PKK). This PES was conducted on 21 final semester students, graduating from Diploma in Electronic Engineering (Computer) (DTK). They were the second Cohort whose intake was in December 2010. The survey questionnaire had five main sections: respondents’ profile; assessment of overall quality; assessment of skills and knowledge; assessment of Lecturers and Academic Advisor; and assessment of academic resources and facilities. All the data were analysed using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software version IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0. For the assessment of the overall quality, attribute for teaching and learning experience was rated 100% with “excellent”, “very good” and “good”. Skills and knowledge section was evaluated by relating the statements with nine items as stated in the Programme Learning Outcomes (PLO). All the PLOs’ were marked at least “good” by 98% of the students. Assessment on lecturers and academic advisor were rated 33.3% as “excellent” and 57.1% as “very good”. In terms of academic resources and facilities, the access to Wi-Fi had the highest unsatisfactory concerned from the respondent whereby 28.6% rated the item as “weak”.
Quality control measures and sustainable development in higher education syst...Alexander Decker
This document discusses quality control measures and sustainable development in higher education systems in Cross River State, Nigeria. It examines how quality control influences sustainable development in the state's tertiary education institutions. The study found that variables like curriculum design, funding, monitoring, staffing and facilities significantly impact sustainable development. It recommends that the National Universities Commission enforce uniform academic standards across universities to help ensure quality.
Accreditation and quality assurance in nigerian universitiesAlexander Decker
This document discusses accreditation and quality assurance in Nigerian universities. It examines the impact of accreditation on quality assurance. The study found significant relationships between accreditation and quality of resource input, quality of output, and quality of process. However, it found no significant relationship between accreditation and quality of academic content. The document concludes that quality assurance involves activities and procedures to ensure standards are met for education quality, and that accreditation can help strengthen university programs for quality assurance and improvement.
The document discusses the perception of value management in the Bruneian construction industry. It provides background information on value management, including its definition, evolution, importance, application process, and problems with low implementation. The study aims to understand how design professionals in Brunei perceive value management and investigate reasons for its low usage in the local construction industry.
IRJET- Teaching Learning Practices for Metrology & Quality Control Subject in...IRJET Journal
1. The document discusses teaching and learning practices for the Metrology and Quality Control subject in an outcome-based education system.
2. It outlines the program educational objectives, program outcomes, and course outcomes for the subject and describes how they are mapped and assessed.
3. Internal evaluations of students including unit tests, assignments, and exams are used to measure course outcome attainment, with lower attainment found for two course outcomes, leading to corrective actions being taken like industrial visits and expert lectures.
This document summarizes a study that compares three methods for university selection among students from different exam streams: the Common Currency Index (CCI) method, Z-score method, and average method. The study had two aims: 1) to propose the CCI method, which accounts for potential differences between exam streams and other exam factors, and 2) to compare the performance of the CCI, Z-score, and average methods using simulated student exam data. The CCI method converts marks across streams to a common scale before selecting students. Simulation results found the CCI method selected students correctly within streams and better between streams compared to the other methods. The CCI method aims to select students fairly regardless of exam stream challenges.
Conceptual framework provides the steps in planning and implementing tracer studies on the alumni of engineering institutions. One can update the curriculum, improve the instructional methods, etc.
New Fuzzy Model for quality evaluation of E-Training of CNC Operatorsinventionjournals
This document proposes a new fuzzy model for evaluating the quality of e-learning training for CNC operators. It begins by discussing the importance of continuous education in production technologies like CNC. It then reviews existing literature on evaluating e-learning quality and identifies uncertainties in criteria weights and values. The document goes on to introduce assumptions of the proposed model which uses fuzzy set theory to represent uncertainties. Criteria weights are determined using fuzzy AHP based on linguistic assessments from trainers. An example application evaluates participant satisfaction with e-learning training quality. Finally, regression analysis estimates the isolated effect of e-learning on training quality perceptions.
Performance Evaluation of Software Quality ModelEditor IJMTER
With the advent of Internet revolution and the emergence of knowledge based systems, Quality acquires a wider
and more challenging dimension. Quality has evolved and undergone transformation from the inspection era to
the quality control regime and then to quality management and finally to the present TQM approach. At every
stage of the transformation “Quality” has been attaining wider dimension with respect to Customer focus,
continual improvement and has been evolving for addressing increasing demands of customers with respect to
delivery of products and services.
This document proposes a peer-evaluation model (PETMS) to help project managers select team members for software development projects. The model enhances traditional peer evaluation by having team members evaluate each other on criteria like productivity, performance, and personality. It also incorporates evaluations from the project manager. Evaluations are stored in a central repository and can guide selection for future projects. The document describes the PETMS model and research evaluating it through a case study. Results showed peer evaluation can improve the team selection process and help project managers make better choices by considering past feedback and member ratings.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
New Fuzzy Model For quality evaluation of e-Training of CNC Operatorsinventionjournals
The quality of e-learning is a very important issue, especially when production technologies are concerned. This paper introduces a new fuzzy model for e-learning quality evaluation. All uncertainties and consequent imprecision are modeled by triangular fuzzy numbers. The quality of CNC e-learning process is determined by using the fuzzy logic IF-THEN rules. The proposed method derives an aggregated satisfaction value both for the participants as well as the trainers.The authors introduce a genuine metric interval for the objective evaluation of E-learning effect. The OLS regression model estimates the magnitude and polarity of Elearning effect on participants` perception of the training quality. The predicted coefficient of E-learning effect on the overall quality of CNC training is estimated to be14.88 measurement points with a negative impact on overall satisfaction. These novel findings shed a new light on the quantitative effect of E-learning on CNC machine training and contribute to the contemporary scientific literature within the research area.The developed model is illustrated by real-life data from secondary technological schools from central Serbia
This paper reports about an instrument which has been developed by the Commonwealth of Learning Media Centre
for Asia (CEMCA) and the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (MOHE). This instrument aims to be a standard
quality framework which can be used by multimedia users in evaluating the quality of the e-learning materials.
Basically, the instrument is constructed to evaluate two sections, which are the learning material development process
and the finished learning material product. However, this paper merely discusses the second section.
The document discusses designing satisfying feedback experiences for students and teachers. It outlines some key challenges with feedback such as it often coming too late for students to act on. It proposes shifting priorities to provide more guidance within the curriculum rather than just end-of-course feedback. Some suggestions include designing learning environments for students to generate feedback, adopting a role as orchestrator rather than just provider of comments, and implementing means to inject more dialogue into feedback interactions. The goal is to design feedback that is useful for student learning and also workload-friendly for teachers.
This document outlines a study to develop and validate an e-mentoring program utilizing technological ecosystems to support marketing students at the University of Manizales in Colombia during their practicum experiences. The study will involve designing the e-mentoring program, applying it to students, and evaluating its effectiveness in developing students' transversal competencies. It describes the research objectives, methodology, variables, instruments, and population that will be involved in the study.
1. The document discusses innovations in using multimedia tools to enhance student engagement in language learning. It provides examples of projects using tools like WebCT, audio/video software, and digital language labs.
2. Feedback from students was generally positive, noting benefits like increased motivation, individualized learning, and preparation for real-world language use.
3. Issues discussed include the need for appropriate pedagogical models, staff training, and balancing the benefits of technology with other teaching methods. Future plans focus on disseminating best practices and developing additional resources.
The document discusses technology-enabled learning-oriented assessment. It describes how assessment can be designed to promote student learning through iterative tasks that mirror real-world applications, developing student evaluative expertise and feedback literacy. Large classes can utilize peer assessment and technology like online quizzes and audience response systems. Learning analytics and dashboards can provide personalized feedback at scale. Developing student feedback literacy and involving students actively is important. Technology should enhance pedagogy by empowering students and adding value to learning.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document provides an overview of photography, including:
1) How a camera works by capturing light rays through a lens and forming an upside down image on light-sensitive film.
2) The photographic process including capturing light rays, focusing the image, exposing the film, developing the film, and making a print.
3) Different types of cameras such as fixed-focus, single-lens reflex, twin-lens reflex, point-and-shoot, view, instant, electronic, and motion picture cameras.
1) The document provides information on the Foundation Degree in Mechanical Engineering program, including its aims, learning outcomes, and teaching methods.
2) The program aims to produce graduates with broad understanding of mechanical analysis and design combined with awareness of engineering practice, project management, and critical thinking skills. It covers disciplines like mechanics, mathematics, manufacturing, and stresses developing employability.
3) Learning outcomes include knowledge of engineering principles, materials, science and IT, as well as intellectual skills like problem-solving, design, evaluation, and independent thinking. Teaching methods include lectures, projects, work-based learning, and developing skills is assessed through coursework, projects, and exams.
The purpose of this Programme Exit Survey (PES) was to provide data to gauge perceptions of various aspects of programmes and services offered and to identify areas where improvements may be needed in the Department of Electronic Engineering (Computer) JKE, Politeknik Kota Kinabalu (PKK). This PES was conducted on 21 final semester students, graduating from Diploma in Electronic Engineering (Computer) (DTK). They were the second Cohort whose intake was in December 2010. The survey questionnaire had five main sections: respondents’ profile; assessment of overall quality; assessment of skills and knowledge; assessment of Lecturers and Academic Advisor; and assessment of academic resources and facilities. All the data were analysed using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software version IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0. For the assessment of the overall quality, attribute for teaching and learning experience was rated 100% with “excellent”, “very good” and “good”. Skills and knowledge section was evaluated by relating the statements with nine items as stated in the Programme Learning Outcomes (PLO). All the PLOs’ were marked at least “good” by 98% of the students. Assessment on lecturers and academic advisor were rated 33.3% as “excellent” and 57.1% as “very good”. In terms of academic resources and facilities, the access to Wi-Fi had the highest unsatisfactory concerned from the respondent whereby 28.6% rated the item as “weak”.
Quality control measures and sustainable development in higher education syst...Alexander Decker
This document discusses quality control measures and sustainable development in higher education systems in Cross River State, Nigeria. It examines how quality control influences sustainable development in the state's tertiary education institutions. The study found that variables like curriculum design, funding, monitoring, staffing and facilities significantly impact sustainable development. It recommends that the National Universities Commission enforce uniform academic standards across universities to help ensure quality.
Accreditation and quality assurance in nigerian universitiesAlexander Decker
This document discusses accreditation and quality assurance in Nigerian universities. It examines the impact of accreditation on quality assurance. The study found significant relationships between accreditation and quality of resource input, quality of output, and quality of process. However, it found no significant relationship between accreditation and quality of academic content. The document concludes that quality assurance involves activities and procedures to ensure standards are met for education quality, and that accreditation can help strengthen university programs for quality assurance and improvement.
The document discusses the perception of value management in the Bruneian construction industry. It provides background information on value management, including its definition, evolution, importance, application process, and problems with low implementation. The study aims to understand how design professionals in Brunei perceive value management and investigate reasons for its low usage in the local construction industry.
IRJET- Teaching Learning Practices for Metrology & Quality Control Subject in...IRJET Journal
1. The document discusses teaching and learning practices for the Metrology and Quality Control subject in an outcome-based education system.
2. It outlines the program educational objectives, program outcomes, and course outcomes for the subject and describes how they are mapped and assessed.
3. Internal evaluations of students including unit tests, assignments, and exams are used to measure course outcome attainment, with lower attainment found for two course outcomes, leading to corrective actions being taken like industrial visits and expert lectures.
This document summarizes a study that compares three methods for university selection among students from different exam streams: the Common Currency Index (CCI) method, Z-score method, and average method. The study had two aims: 1) to propose the CCI method, which accounts for potential differences between exam streams and other exam factors, and 2) to compare the performance of the CCI, Z-score, and average methods using simulated student exam data. The CCI method converts marks across streams to a common scale before selecting students. Simulation results found the CCI method selected students correctly within streams and better between streams compared to the other methods. The CCI method aims to select students fairly regardless of exam stream challenges.
Conceptual framework provides the steps in planning and implementing tracer studies on the alumni of engineering institutions. One can update the curriculum, improve the instructional methods, etc.
New Fuzzy Model for quality evaluation of E-Training of CNC Operatorsinventionjournals
This document proposes a new fuzzy model for evaluating the quality of e-learning training for CNC operators. It begins by discussing the importance of continuous education in production technologies like CNC. It then reviews existing literature on evaluating e-learning quality and identifies uncertainties in criteria weights and values. The document goes on to introduce assumptions of the proposed model which uses fuzzy set theory to represent uncertainties. Criteria weights are determined using fuzzy AHP based on linguistic assessments from trainers. An example application evaluates participant satisfaction with e-learning training quality. Finally, regression analysis estimates the isolated effect of e-learning on training quality perceptions.
Performance Evaluation of Software Quality ModelEditor IJMTER
With the advent of Internet revolution and the emergence of knowledge based systems, Quality acquires a wider
and more challenging dimension. Quality has evolved and undergone transformation from the inspection era to
the quality control regime and then to quality management and finally to the present TQM approach. At every
stage of the transformation “Quality” has been attaining wider dimension with respect to Customer focus,
continual improvement and has been evolving for addressing increasing demands of customers with respect to
delivery of products and services.
This document proposes a peer-evaluation model (PETMS) to help project managers select team members for software development projects. The model enhances traditional peer evaluation by having team members evaluate each other on criteria like productivity, performance, and personality. It also incorporates evaluations from the project manager. Evaluations are stored in a central repository and can guide selection for future projects. The document describes the PETMS model and research evaluating it through a case study. Results showed peer evaluation can improve the team selection process and help project managers make better choices by considering past feedback and member ratings.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
New Fuzzy Model For quality evaluation of e-Training of CNC Operatorsinventionjournals
The quality of e-learning is a very important issue, especially when production technologies are concerned. This paper introduces a new fuzzy model for e-learning quality evaluation. All uncertainties and consequent imprecision are modeled by triangular fuzzy numbers. The quality of CNC e-learning process is determined by using the fuzzy logic IF-THEN rules. The proposed method derives an aggregated satisfaction value both for the participants as well as the trainers.The authors introduce a genuine metric interval for the objective evaluation of E-learning effect. The OLS regression model estimates the magnitude and polarity of Elearning effect on participants` perception of the training quality. The predicted coefficient of E-learning effect on the overall quality of CNC training is estimated to be14.88 measurement points with a negative impact on overall satisfaction. These novel findings shed a new light on the quantitative effect of E-learning on CNC machine training and contribute to the contemporary scientific literature within the research area.The developed model is illustrated by real-life data from secondary technological schools from central Serbia
This paper reports about an instrument which has been developed by the Commonwealth of Learning Media Centre
for Asia (CEMCA) and the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (MOHE). This instrument aims to be a standard
quality framework which can be used by multimedia users in evaluating the quality of the e-learning materials.
Basically, the instrument is constructed to evaluate two sections, which are the learning material development process
and the finished learning material product. However, this paper merely discusses the second section.
The document discusses designing satisfying feedback experiences for students and teachers. It outlines some key challenges with feedback such as it often coming too late for students to act on. It proposes shifting priorities to provide more guidance within the curriculum rather than just end-of-course feedback. Some suggestions include designing learning environments for students to generate feedback, adopting a role as orchestrator rather than just provider of comments, and implementing means to inject more dialogue into feedback interactions. The goal is to design feedback that is useful for student learning and also workload-friendly for teachers.
This document outlines a study to develop and validate an e-mentoring program utilizing technological ecosystems to support marketing students at the University of Manizales in Colombia during their practicum experiences. The study will involve designing the e-mentoring program, applying it to students, and evaluating its effectiveness in developing students' transversal competencies. It describes the research objectives, methodology, variables, instruments, and population that will be involved in the study.
1. The document discusses innovations in using multimedia tools to enhance student engagement in language learning. It provides examples of projects using tools like WebCT, audio/video software, and digital language labs.
2. Feedback from students was generally positive, noting benefits like increased motivation, individualized learning, and preparation for real-world language use.
3. Issues discussed include the need for appropriate pedagogical models, staff training, and balancing the benefits of technology with other teaching methods. Future plans focus on disseminating best practices and developing additional resources.
The document discusses technology-enabled learning-oriented assessment. It describes how assessment can be designed to promote student learning through iterative tasks that mirror real-world applications, developing student evaluative expertise and feedback literacy. Large classes can utilize peer assessment and technology like online quizzes and audience response systems. Learning analytics and dashboards can provide personalized feedback at scale. Developing student feedback literacy and involving students actively is important. Technology should enhance pedagogy by empowering students and adding value to learning.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document provides an overview of photography, including:
1) How a camera works by capturing light rays through a lens and forming an upside down image on light-sensitive film.
2) The photographic process including capturing light rays, focusing the image, exposing the film, developing the film, and making a print.
3) Different types of cameras such as fixed-focus, single-lens reflex, twin-lens reflex, point-and-shoot, view, instant, electronic, and motion picture cameras.
The New Communities of Opportunity Model of InterventionFEANTSA
Presentation given by Aurora Zepeda, Institute for Children and Poverty, New York City at a FEANTSA Research Conference on "Rethinking Homelessness Policies", Lisbon, Portugal, 2007
This document summarizes a research article that analyzes religious markets in the United States using rational choice theory. It argues that while religious competition can provide benefits by improving quality of religious goods, it can also lead to market failures if externalities, public goods, or information asymmetries are present. Specifically, the authors develop a model where perfect religious competition results in faiths that appeal to personal interests but do not generate social benefits, potentially reducing overall religious belief. They test this hypothesis empirically using state-level data on religious competition and religiosity.
This document provides information about the history of the Kizhakkekara family in Malayalam. It lists the names of those who wrote and edited the book in Malayalam and English. It provides details about the publication such as the date, publisher, printer and those involved like the President and Secretary of the Kizhakkekara Kudumbayogam. It contains an introduction thanking those who made the book possible and listing the chapters.
This document outlines the criteria and weightages for NBA accreditation (Tier II) of engineering programs. It discusses 12 criteria for evaluation including vision, mission and program objectives, program outcomes, curriculum, student performance, faculty contributions, facilities, teaching-learning processes, governance and finances. Maximum points are allocated to each criterion and minimum qualifying points are also specified. Guidelines for a 5-year accreditation require a minimum of 750 total points including minimum scores in mandatory criteria. A 2-year accreditation requires 600 total points and minimum scores in mandatory criteria. The document provides details on the evaluation process and points allocation for each criterion.
Reliability Engineering Program Rochester Institute of TechnologyMatthew Clemens
Norbert Jagodzinski was a reliability engineer at Eastman Kodak Company who developed a reliability engineering curriculum and program at Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) in the 1990s. The program attracted many Kodak employees and others to study reliability engineering. Jagodzinski was an inspiring and engaging instructor who mentored dozens of reliability engineers. His work helped establish reliability engineering as a field of study and had a lasting impact through his many students.
Governing Quality Of Online Content Through Threshold Standards: Facilitating...Charles Darwin University
A presentation outlining different approaches to ensuring quality of technology enhanced learning and teaching in higher education. Please cite: Sankey. M. (2017). Governing Quality Of Online Content Through Threshold Standards: Facilitating A Consistent Learning Experience. Online e-Learning Summit 2017. Sydney, 20-21 June.
The document provides guidelines and templates for course specifications and annual course reports in Egypt. It aims to assist higher education institutions in compiling these documents according to international quality standards. The guidelines include templates for course specifications and reports, with explanations of the required information in each section. Course specifications must include basic course information, aims, intended learning outcomes, content, teaching methods, assessment, and resources. Annual reports require statistical performance data, topics taught, evaluation results and enhancement proposals. The templates are intended to standardize concepts and ensure production of specifications and reports that meet quality assurance requirements.
Quality evaluation of eLearning through an international peer-review communityeLearning Papers
Authors: Ulf-Daniel Ehlers, Jochen Joosten
The purpose of the paper is to present the Open ECBCheck, a new certification and quality improvement scheme for eLearning in the field of Capacity Building. The model supports Capacity Building Organisations to measure how successful their eLearning programmes are and allows for continuous improvement though peer collaboration and benchlearning.
To Study Effect of Various Parameters for Quality Improvement in Technical Ed...IJERA Editor
In the present Research Investigation an effort has been made to study the effect of various important parameters of technical education system on its quality. This is done by creating sub modules of important stakeholders of technical education system and studying their Interactions by constructing causal loop diagrams of various modules .The main objective of this Research study is to construct a system dynamic model based on the interactions among this sub-modules which can be taken as a base for optimal policy planning for achieving optimum level of quality in the technical education system.
Learning analytics to quantize and improve the skills development and attainm...eSAT Publishing House
This document describes a proposed system for using learning analytics to quantify and improve skills development and attainment in large classes. The system would analyze data from registration, administration, and learning management systems to map learning outcomes and relate them to student attainment levels. An algorithmic methodology is presented that would read course details, outcomes, and assessment scores and generate a report with the average attainment, highest attainment, and lowest attainment for each outcome. The goal is to help instructors more effectively focus on learning outcomes, produce evidence for new assessment tools, and improve course design and instructional strategies.
Learning analytics to quantize and improve the skills development and attainm...eSAT Journals
This document describes a proposed methodology for using learning analytics to quantify and improve skills development and attainment in large classes. It presents an algorithmic approach that analyzes assessment scores and other student data to generate reports on course outcomes attainment. The methodology is demonstrated through an example that shows the percentage of average attainment for each outcome in a sample course and identifies outcomes that need more focus based on the number of students above or below certain attainment levels. The goal is to provide quantitative feedback to help instructors plan lessons, assessments, and improvements based on skills attainment data.
Understanding learning gain and why this might matter to you Jisc
The document discusses learning gain and why measuring it is important. It outlines the session which will clarify what learning gain means, consider drivers for interest in measuring it like the Teaching Excellence Framework, introduce types of learning gain measures, and discuss how learning technologies could provide data. Challenges of developing robust learning gain measures are also examined. Examples of UK universities measuring skills, engagement, and attributes are provided.
Meta-review of recognition of learning in LMS and MOOCs - Ruth CoboseMadrid network
The meta-review examines 10 studies that provide overviews of recognition of learning techniques in learning management systems (LMSs) and massive open online courses (MOOCs). The studies were published between 2017-2021 and included reviews, experiences, and challenges. Most focused on MOOCs and used badges for recognition. Results showed techniques like gamification and badges positively impact motivation and engagement. Limitations included short study periods and small samples. Future work could study applications over longer periods, combine data types, and consider diverse stakeholders and environments.
Let's All Be Friends: The Convergence of Evaluation, I-O Psychology, and Mark...Tiffany Smith
This document summarizes research on the convergence of evaluation, industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology, and market research. The researchers conducted a content analysis of 1,654 courses from 95 graduate programs in these fields and liberal studies. They found many points of overlap between the disciplines in research methodology, communication techniques, and theoretical frameworks. Taking an interdisciplinary approach to evaluation can help make research more useful to organizations by integrating methods from multiple fields. Understanding evaluation from this perspective allows evaluators to communicate findings to other professionals and apply a broader range of knowledge.
Ll from over 200 projects presentation fileKMIRC PolyU
The talk summarises the lessons learnt from nearly 200 cases of Knowledge Management journeys by Hong Kong and Asian enterprises. Much of the data is gained through the extensive number of student, consultancy and research projects carried out or supervised by KMIRC staff at private companies, non-profit social services organizations and government departments.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Anempirical study on the performance of self financing engineering colleges (...prjpublications
This document discusses a study on the performance of self-financing engineering colleges in India that are autonomous versus non-autonomous. A questionnaire was used to collect responses from faculty members on 21 dimensions related to inputs and outcomes of the colleges. Statistical analysis found significant differences between autonomous and non-autonomous colleges in 10 quality dimensions. Most input dimensions were significantly correlated with outcome dimensions, regardless of college category. Previous literature on defining and measuring quality in engineering education is reviewed, focusing on frameworks used for accreditation and rankings.
Study of Performance Appraisal System for Faculty Members in Selected Managem...ijtsrd
"Performance Appraisal provides a periodic review and evaluation of an individual’s job performance. Although the appraisal forms may only be completed once a year, the job of performance appraisal is continuous – sometimes daily and requires effective communication on both the part of the supervisor and the Respondent. The supervisor is ultimately responsible to make sure these conversations actually take place and are documented. It is essential that the supervisor hold all performance discussions and documentation in complete confidence. Every organization is having an objective towards optimum performance and the Respondent is the key in achieving it. It is necessary that the Respondents performance should reach optimality for the success of the organization. Many organizations are having performance appraisal systems to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of their Respondent using linguistic labels to their performance. In a production unit, Respondent performance is proportional to the quality and quantity of production, where as in case of educational institute there is no such direct tool available to evaluate the productivity of its faculty members. In judging efficiency of faculty members, often the institute deals with vague or imprecise data resulting to an inconsistence performance evaluation. This study has been particularly taken by the researcher to understand the present scenario of the institute performance appraisal system in these colleges. Researcher wants to find out the weather appraisal is really helping Respondents for the better future or not. Mr. Santosh V. Hasure | Mr. Viraj V. Jadhav ""Study of Performance Appraisal System for Faculty Members in Selected Management Institutes Affiliated to Shivaji University Kolhapur"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Fostering Innovation, Integration and Inclusion Through Interdisciplinary Practices in Management , March 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23069.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/23069/study-of-performance-appraisal-system-for-faculty-members-in-selected-management-institutes-affiliated-to-shivaji-university-kolhapur/mr-santosh-v-hasure"
This document discusses issues related to measuring graduate attribute development. It highlights that a measurement tool needs to be specific enough to reliably measure the attributes it claims to, and also needs to provide useful information for benchmarking, validation, and improvement. There are tensions between measuring subject-specific and generic attributes, but many authors have resolved these issues. The document provides recommendations for what a graduate attribute measurement tool should consider, such as using composite scores and multi-perspective measurement from employers, students, and staff. It also stresses the importance of strategic integration and awareness raising among stakeholders regarding graduate attribute development and measurement.
Designing an intellectual capital management system: evaluation process throu...KONSTANTINOS KALEMIS
This document summarizes a presentation on designing an intellectual capital management system for evaluation in higher education institutions. It discusses the assumptions and aims of higher education in the 21st century, including achieving excellence, providing solutions to important problems, and contributing to economic and social development. It also defines internationalization of higher education as integrating an international dimension into teaching, research, and services. Key indicators of internationalization include curriculum, quality assurance, foreign language provision, international programs, research, student and faculty mobility, and employability. The document then provides examples of management structures and processes for areas like curriculum development, research and development, and intellectual property.
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A Novel Method for Prevention of Bandwidth Distributed Denial of Service AttacksIJERD Editor
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks became a massive threat to the Internet. Traditional
Architecture of internet is vulnerable to the attacks like DDoS. Attacker primarily acquire his army of Zombies,
then that army will be instructed by the Attacker that when to start an attack and on whom the attack should be
done. In this paper, different techniques which are used to perform DDoS Attacks, Tools that were used to
perform Attacks and Countermeasures in order to detect the attackers and eliminate the Bandwidth Distributed
Denial of Service attacks (B-DDoS) are reviewed. DDoS Attacks were done by using various Flooding
techniques which are used in DDoS attack.
The main purpose of this paper is to design an architecture which can reduce the Bandwidth
Distributed Denial of service Attack and make the victim site or server available for the normal users by
eliminating the zombie machines. Our Primary focus of this paper is to dispute how normal machines are
turning into zombies (Bots), how attack is been initiated, DDoS attack procedure and how an organization can
save their server from being a DDoS victim. In order to present this we implemented a simulated environment
with Cisco switches, Routers, Firewall, some virtual machines and some Attack tools to display a real DDoS
attack. By using Time scheduling, Resource Limiting, System log, Access Control List and some Modular
policy Framework we stopped the attack and identified the Attacker (Bot) machines
Hearing loss is one of the most common human impairments. It is estimated that by year 2015 more
than 700 million people will suffer mild deafness. Most can be helped by hearing aid devices depending on the
severity of their hearing loss. This paper describes the implementation and characterization details of a dual
channel transmitter front end (TFE) for digital hearing aid (DHA) applications that use novel micro
electromechanical- systems (MEMS) audio transducers and ultra-low power-scalable analog-to-digital
converters (ADCs), which enable a very-low form factor, energy-efficient implementation for next-generation
DHA. The contribution of the design is the implementation of the dual channel MEMS microphones and powerscalable
ADC system.
Influence of tensile behaviour of slab on the structural Behaviour of shear c...IJERD Editor
-A composite beam is composed of a steel beam and a slab connected by means of shear connectors
like studs installed on the top flange of the steel beam to form a structure behaving monolithically. This study
analyzes the effects of the tensile behavior of the slab on the structural behavior of the shear connection like slip
stiffness and maximum shear force in composite beams subjected to hogging moment. The results show that the
shear studs located in the crack-concentration zones due to large hogging moments sustain significantly smaller
shear force and slip stiffness than the other zones. Moreover, the reduction of the slip stiffness in the shear
connection appears also to be closely related to the change in the tensile strain of rebar according to the increase
of the load. Further experimental and analytical studies shall be conducted considering variables such as the
reinforcement ratio and the arrangement of shear connectors to achieve efficient design of the shear connection
in composite beams subjected to hogging moment.
Gold prospecting using Remote Sensing ‘A case study of Sudan’IJERD Editor
Gold has been extracted from northeast Africa for more than 5000 years, and this may be the first
place where the metal was extracted. The Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) is an exposure of Precambrian
crystalline rocks on the flanks of the Red Sea. The crystalline rocks are mostly Neoproterozoic in age. ANS
includes the nations of Israel, Jordan. Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Yemen, and Somalia.
Arabian Nubian Shield Consists of juvenile continental crest that formed between 900 550 Ma, when intra
oceanic arc welded together along ophiolite decorated arc. Primary Au mineralization probably developed in
association with the growth of intra oceanic arc and evolution of back arc. Multiple episodes of deformation
have obscured the primary metallogenic setting, but at least some of the deposits preserve evidence that they
originate as sea floor massive sulphide deposits.
The Red Sea Hills Region is a vast span of rugged, harsh and inhospitable sector of the Earth with
inimical moon-like terrain, nevertheless since ancient times it is famed to be an abode of gold and was a major
source of wealth for the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt. The Pharaohs old workings have been periodically
rediscovered through time. Recent endeavours by the Geological Research Authority of Sudan led to the
discovery of a score of occurrences with gold and massive sulphide mineralizations. In the nineties of the
previous century the Geological Research Authority of Sudan (GRAS) in cooperation with BRGM utilized
satellite data of Landsat TM using spectral ratio technique to map possible mineralized zones in the Red Sea
Hills of Sudan. The outcome of the study mapped a gossan type gold mineralization. Band ratio technique was
applied to Arbaat area and a signature of alteration zone was detected. The alteration zones are commonly
associated with mineralization. The alteration zones are commonly associated with mineralization. A filed check
confirmed the existence of stock work of gold bearing quartz in the alteration zone. Another type of gold
mineralization that was discovered using remote sensing is the gold associated with metachert in the Atmur
Desert.
Reducing Corrosion Rate by Welding DesignIJERD Editor
This document summarizes a study on reducing corrosion rates in steel through welding design. The researchers tested different welding groove designs (X, V, 1/2X, 1/2V) and preheating temperatures (400°C, 500°C, 600°C) on ferritic malleable iron samples. Testing found that X and V groove designs with 500°C and 600°C preheating had corrosion rates of 0.5-0.69% weight loss after 14 days, compared to 0.57-0.76% for 400°C preheating. Higher preheating reduced residual stresses which decreased corrosion. Residual stresses were 1.7 MPa for optimal X groove and 600°C
Router 1X3 – RTL Design and VerificationIJERD Editor
Routing is the process of moving a packet of data from source to destination and enables messages
to pass from one computer to another and eventually reach the target machine. A router is a networking device
that forwards data packets between computer networks. It is connected to two or more data lines from different
networks (as opposed to a network switch, which connects data lines from one single network). This paper,
mainly emphasizes upon the study of router device, it‟s top level architecture, and how various sub-modules of
router i.e. Register, FIFO, FSM and Synchronizer are synthesized, and simulated and finally connected to its top
module.
Active Power Exchange in Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC) At Third Ha...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a component within the flexible ac-transmission system (FACTS) family, called
distributed power-flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC)
with an eliminated common dc link. The DPFC has the same control capabilities as the UPFC, which comprise
the adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage. The active power exchange
between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the
transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. DPFC multiple small-size single-phase converters which
reduces the cost of equipment, no voltage isolation between phases, increases redundancy and there by
reliability increases. The principle and analysis of the DPFC are presented in this paper and the corresponding
simulation results that are carried out on a scaled prototype are also shown.
Mitigation of Voltage Sag/Swell with Fuzzy Control Reduced Rating DVRIJERD Editor
Power quality has been an issue that is becoming increasingly pivotal in industrial electricity
consumers point of view in recent times. Modern industries employ Sensitive power electronic equipments,
control devices and non-linear loads as part of automated processes to increase energy efficiency and
productivity. Voltage disturbances are the most common power quality problem due to this the use of a large
numbers of sophisticated and sensitive electronic equipment in industrial systems is increased. This paper
discusses the design and simulation of dynamic voltage restorer for improvement of power quality and
reduce the harmonics distortion of sensitive loads. Power quality problem is occurring at non-standard
voltage, current and frequency. Electronic devices are very sensitive loads. In power system voltage sag,
swell, flicker and harmonics are some of the problem to the sensitive load. The compensation capability
of a DVR depends primarily on the maximum voltage injection ability and the amount of stored
energy available within the restorer. This device is connected in series with the distribution feeder at
medium voltage. A fuzzy logic control is used to produce the gate pulses for control circuit of DVR and the
circuit is simulated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Study on the Fused Deposition Modelling In Additive ManufacturingIJERD Editor
Additive manufacturing process, also popularly known as 3-D printing, is a process where a product
is created in a succession of layers. It is based on a novel materials incremental manufacturing philosophy.
Unlike conventional manufacturing processes where material is removed from a given work price to derive the
final shape of a product, 3-D printing develops the product from scratch thus obviating the necessity to cut away
materials. This prevents wastage of raw materials. Commonly used raw materials for the process are ABS
plastic, PLA and nylon. Recently the use of gold, bronze and wood has also been implemented. The complexity
factor of this process is 0% as in any object of any shape and size can be manufactured.
Spyware triggering system by particular string valueIJERD Editor
This computer programme can be used for good and bad purpose in hacking or in any general
purpose. We can say it is next step for hacking techniques such as keylogger and spyware. Once in this system if
user or hacker store particular string as a input after that software continually compare typing activity of user
with that stored string and if it is match then launch spyware programme.
A Blind Steganalysis on JPEG Gray Level Image Based on Statistical Features a...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a blind steganalysis technique to effectively attack the JPEG steganographic
schemes i.e. Jsteg, F5, Outguess and DWT Based. The proposed method exploits the correlations between
block-DCTcoefficients from intra-block and inter-block relation and the statistical moments of characteristic
functions of the test image is selected as features. The features are extracted from the BDCT JPEG 2-array.
Support Vector Machine with cross-validation is implemented for the classification.The proposed scheme gives
improved outcome in attacking.
Secure Image Transmission for Cloud Storage System Using Hybrid SchemeIJERD Editor
- Data over the cloud is transferred or transmitted between servers and users. Privacy of that
data is very important as it belongs to personal information. If data get hacked by the hacker, can be
used to defame a person’s social data. Sometimes delay are held during data transmission. i.e. Mobile
communication, bandwidth is low. Hence compression algorithms are proposed for fast and efficient
transmission, encryption is used for security purposes and blurring is used by providing additional
layers of security. These algorithms are hybridized for having a robust and efficient security and
transmission over cloud storage system.
Application of Buckley-Leverett Equation in Modeling the Radius of Invasion i...IJERD Editor
A thorough review of existing literature indicates that the Buckley-Leverett equation only analyzes
waterflood practices directly without any adjustments on real reservoir scenarios. By doing so, quite a number
of errors are introduced into these analyses. Also, for most waterflood scenarios, a radial investigation is more
appropriate than a simplified linear system. This study investigates the adoption of the Buckley-Leverett
equation to estimate the radius invasion of the displacing fluid during waterflooding. The model is also adopted
for a Microbial flood and a comparative analysis is conducted for both waterflooding and microbial flooding.
Results shown from the analysis doesn’t only records a success in determining the radial distance of the leading
edge of water during the flooding process, but also gives a clearer understanding of the applicability of
microbes to enhance oil production through in-situ production of bio-products like bio surfactans, biogenic
gases, bio acids etc.
Gesture Gaming on the World Wide Web Using an Ordinary Web CameraIJERD Editor
- Gesture gaming is a method by which users having a laptop/pc/x-box play games using natural or
bodily gestures. This paper presents a way of playing free flash games on the internet using an ordinary webcam
with the help of open source technologies. Emphasis in human activity recognition is given on the pose
estimation and the consistency in the pose of the player. These are estimated with the help of an ordinary web
camera having different resolutions from VGA to 20mps. Our work involved giving a 10 second documentary to
the user on how to play a particular game using gestures and what are the various kinds of gestures that can be
performed in front of the system. The initial inputs of the RGB values for the gesture component is obtained by
instructing the user to place his component in a red box in about 10 seconds after the short documentary before
the game is finished. Later the system opens the concerned game on the internet on popular flash game sites like
miniclip, games arcade, GameStop etc and loads the game clicking at various places and brings the state to a
place where the user is to perform only gestures to start playing the game. At any point of time the user can call
off the game by hitting the esc key and the program will release all of the controls and return to the desktop. It
was noted that the results obtained using an ordinary webcam matched that of the Kinect and the users could
relive the gaming experience of the free flash games on the net. Therefore effective in game advertising could
also be achieved thus resulting in a disruptive growth to the advertising firms.
Hardware Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Isolated Circuits And...IJERD Editor
-LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region[5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits.
Simulated Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Different Tank Circu...IJERD Editor
LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region [5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits. The supported simulation
is done through PSIM 6.0 software tool
Amateurs Radio operator, also known as HAM communicates with other HAMs through Radio
waves. Wireless communication in which Moon is used as natural satellite is called Moon-bounce or EME
(Earth -Moon-Earth) technique. Long distance communication (DXing) using Very High Frequency (VHF)
operated amateur HAM radio was difficult. Even with the modest setup having good transceiver, power
amplifier and high gain antenna with high directivity, VHF DXing is possible. Generally 2X11 YAGI antenna
along with rotor to set horizontal and vertical angle is used. Moon tracking software gives exact location,
visibility of Moon at both the stations and other vital data to acquire real time position of moon.
“MS-Extractor: An Innovative Approach to Extract Microsatellites on „Y‟ Chrom...IJERD Editor
Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR), also known as Microsatellites, have been extensively used as
molecular markers due to their abundance and high degree of polymorphism. The nucleotide sequences of
polymorphic forms of the same gene should be 99.9% identical. So, Microsatellites extraction from the Gene is
crucial. However, Microsatellites repeat count is compared, if they differ largely, he has some disorder. The Y
chromosome likely contains 50 to 60 genes that provide instructions for making proteins. Because only males
have the Y chromosome, the genes on this chromosome tend to be involved in male sex determination and
development. Several Microsatellite Extractors exist and they fail to extract microsatellites on large data sets of
giga bytes and tera bytes in size. The proposed tool “MS-Extractor: An Innovative Approach to extract
Microsatellites on „Y‟ Chromosome” can extract both Perfect as well as Imperfect Microsatellites from large
data sets of human genome „Y‟. The proposed system uses string matching with sliding window approach to
locate Microsatellites and extracts them.
Importance of Measurements in Smart GridIJERD Editor
- The need to get reliable supply, independence from fossil fuels, and capability to provide clean
energy at a fixed and lower cost, the existing power grid structure is transforming into Smart Grid. The
development of a smart energy distribution grid is a current goal of many nations. A Smart Grid should have
new capabilities such as self-healing, high reliability, energy management, and real-time pricing. This new era
of smart future grid will lead to major changes in existing technologies at generation, transmission and
distribution levels. The incorporation of renewable energy resources and distribution generators in the existing
grid will increase the complexity, optimization problems and instability of the system. This will lead to a
paradigm shift in the instrumentation and control requirements for Smart Grids for high quality, stable and
reliable electricity supply of power. The monitoring of the grid system state and stability relies on the
availability of reliable measurement of data. In this paper the measurement areas that highlight new
measurement challenges, development of the Smart Meters and the critical parameters of electric energy to be
monitored for improving the reliability of power systems has been discussed.
Study of Macro level Properties of SCC using GGBS and Lime stone powderIJERD Editor
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International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
1. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
e-ISSN: 2278-067X, p-ISSN: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com
Volume 10, Issue 4 (April 2014), PP.30-41
30
Using Analytic Hierarchy Process for Prioritising the Dimensions
and Determinants of Internal Quality Assurance of Second Cycle
Engineering Programmes
M. A. Abdul Hakeem1
, V. Thanikachalam2
1,2
Centre for International Affairs, National Institute of Technical Teachers Training & Research,
Chennai, India
Abstract:- Quality assurance in engineering education has a double aspect: the internal quality assurance
process implemented by the institutions and the external quality assurance or accreditation undertaken by
external independent bodies. The providers of engineering education have the primary responsibility for the
quality of their provision and its assurance. Although several accreditation standards and guidelines have been
established and implemented worldwide through various international, regional and national agencies; relevant
literature searches show that frameworks for internal quality assurance have not been properly developed. The
authors have developed a conceptual framework comprising of 24 determinants grouped under 6 dimensions
(Quality Enablers, Programme Design, Programme Resources, Programme Delivery, Programme Outcomes,
and Quality Analysis) for the internal quality assurance of second cycle engineering programmes. In this article,
the authors elaborate on an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based study for the prioritisation of these
dimensions and determinants. The results evolved from the study shows that all the 6 dimensions are significant
in the internal quality assurance of second cycle engineering programmes. The study demonstrates that the most
significant determinants of internal quality assurance are: 360o
Evaluation of Programme Dimensions;
Programme Educational Objectives and Outcomes; Faculty: Adequacy, Competency and Development;
Graduate Attributes and Professional Competencies; Institutional Leadership and Governance; and Support for
Creativity and Innovation.
Keywords:- Internal Quality Assurance, Multi-criteria Decision Making, Analytic Hierarchy Process,
Programme Dimensions, Quality Determinants.
I. INTRODUCTION
Due to the rapid growth of engineering education and the introduction of free trade economy, the proper
maintenance of academic quality in educational institutions has become mandatory for education providers in
order to withstand the competitiveness of the global market. Liberalisation has been intervening into the
education environment, and institutions have to adapt to the changes. The Master‟s (second cycle) engineering
education forms the core for training of future teachers and researchers, and for building up international
reputation through publications, patents and entrepreneurs. These professional leaders are capable of
transforming the industry. Relevant literature searches show that there is no common agreement or criteria that
can be used in the quality assurance of engineering education. What is quality, quality of education especially
engineering education, and how it can be achieved are of great interest to the stakeholders of engineering
education.
Quality assurance has a double aspect: the internal quality assurance and development at higher
education institutions and the external quality assurance (accreditation) undertaken by independent bodies. The
providers of engineering education have the primary responsibility for the quality of their provision and its
assurance. Consistent with the principle of institutional autonomy, the primary responsibility for quality
assurance lies with each institution itself and this provides the basis for real accountability of the academic
system. Institutions should have a policy and associated procedures for the assurance of the quality and
standards of their programmes and awards. They should also commit themselves explicitly to the development
of a culture which recognises the importance of quality, and quality assurance, in their work. It is the
institution‟s internal quality assurance or quality management system that is expected to provide key evidence
that the goals for its degree programmes have been met.
The authors have developed a conceptual framework for the internal quality assurance of second cycle
programmes in engineering. This paper provides a brief description of the framework developed, and focuses
mainly on an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based study conducted by the authors to prioritise the factors
influencing the internal quality assurance of second cycle engineering programmes.
2. Prioritising the Dimensions and Determinants of Internal Quality Assurance of Engineering Programmes
31
II. QUALITY ASSURANCE FRAMEWORK
The authors identified the influencing factors of internal quality assurance of second cycle engineering
programmes through analysis of the relevant literature, interviews and focus group discussions with experts
from the fields of engineering education, engineering industry and engineering research as well as observation
of procedures and processes in educational institutions and universities offering second cycle programmes in
engineering. The data collected was analysed using the content analysis technique. Content analysis consists of
analysing the contents of documentary materials (books, journals, reports, etc.) and verbal materials (interviews,
group discussions, etc.) for the identification of certain characteristics that can be measured or counted.
The authors follow an integrated approach in developing a framework for the internal quality assurance
of second cycle engineering programmes; and propose a multi-dimensional framework, taking into account all
the dimensions of an engineering programme. From the content analysis, the authors have identified 24 factors
(referred as „determinants‟) which are absolutely necessary for the internal quality assurance of a second cycle
programme in engineering, and have categorised these 24 determinants under 6 „dimensions‟. The dimensions
and determinants identified for the framework are shown in Table I.
Table I: Dimensions and Determinants of Internal Quality Assurance of Second Cycle Engineering
Programmes
Dimension Determinant
Quality Enablers
Institutional Leadership and Governance
Institutional Strategic Planning and Development
Autonomy, Accountability and Professional Learning
Decentralisation, Delegation and Empowerment
Programme Design
Programme Educational Objectives and Outcomes
Support and Participation of Industry and Society
Global Linkages with National Labs and Institutions
Industry Relevant, Flexible and Dynamic Curriculum
Programme Resources
Programme Budget and Financial Resources
Programme Specific Learning Resources
Faculty: Adequacy, Competency and Development
Student Enrolment and Student Services Facilities
Programme Delivery
Learner-Centred Instructional Systems Design
Knowledge Management System Intervention
Support for Creativity and Innovation
Academic Counselling, Guidance and Mentoring
Programme Outcomes
Course and Programme Learning Outcomes
Research, Publications and Consultancy Services
Graduate Attributes and Professional Competencies
Development of Personal, Social and Ethical Values
Quality Analysis
Internal and Functional Benchmarking
360o
Evaluation of Programme Dimensions
Quality Circles and Internal Quality Audits
Continual Review of PEOs and POs
The authors have identified that there are 4 major objectives for the internal quality assurance of
second cycle engineering programmes. Referred as „key performance results‟, they are:
Defect avoidance in the educational system (Defect Avoidance)
Alignment of the programme with the strategies of the institute (Strategic Alignment)
Continuous improvement of the programme (Continuous Improvement)
Development of trust among the stakeholders of the programme (Stakeholder Trust)
The dimensions and determinants are to be prioritised based on their significance in the internal quality
assurance of second cycle programmes in engineering; and involve the theory of multi-criteria decision making.
3. Prioritising the Dimensions and Determinants of Internal Quality Assurance of Engineering Programmes
32
III. MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING
Decision making, for which we gather most of our information, has become a mathematical science
today [1]. Decision making problem is the process of finding the best option from all of the feasible alternatives.
In almost all such problems the multiplicity of criteria for judging the alternatives is pervasive. That is, for many
such problems, the decision maker wants to solve a multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) problem.
Reference [2] provides a survey of the MCDM methods. Multi-Criterion Decision Analysis (MCDA) is a field
of theory that analyses problems based on a number of criteria or attributes. A number of MCDA methods exist
in the literature. While these methods differ in a number of ways, the primary difference is how each elicits
preferences from decision makers. Weighting techniques range from fixed point scoring and rating to ordinal
ranking and pairwise comparisons [3]. Techniques such as the ELCTRE methods produce a set of non-
dominated alternatives through a process of outranking [4]. Reference [5] views that methods relying on ordinal
judgments and outranking, however, will often not be able to produce a single best alternative.
A. Analytic Hierarchy Process
The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method which was developed by Thomas L. Saaty [6], has been
used extensively in almost all the applications related to the multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) in the
last 30 years. AHP was originally applied to uncertain decision problems with multiple criteria, and has been
widely used in solving problems of ranking, selection, evaluation, optimization, and prediction decisions. The
wide application of AHP is due to its simplicity, ease of use, and great flexibility. AHP is a comprehensive
framework which is designed to cope with the intuitive, the rational, and the irrational when we make multi-
objective, multi-criterion and multi-actor decisions with and without certainty for any number of alternatives [7].
The use of AHP does not involve cumbersome mathematics. AHP involves the principles of decomposition,
pairwise comparisons, and priority vector generation and synthesis.
1) Hierarchical Structuring in AHP: The AHP is a multi-criteria decision support and evaluation approach
that is used in finding optimal measures on the basis of hierarchical problem structure [8]. The hierarchy is a
basic structure used intuitively by decision makers to decompose a complex problem into its most basic
elements, a process referred to as hierarchical decomposition [9]. The advantages of using AHP in multi criteria
decision making scenarios involves simplification of a complex problem into simple pair-wise comparisons, and
construction of a hierarchy of goals, criteria and alternatives. It is very useful in complex decision making. The
AHP separates complex decision problems into elements within a simplified hierarchical system. The AHP
method is expressed by a unidirectional hierarchical relationship among decision levels. The top element of the
hierarchy is the overall goal for the decision model. The hierarchy decomposes to a more specific criterion in
which a level of manageable decision criteria is met. Under each criterion, sub-criteria elements related to the
criterion can be constructed.
To make a decision in an organised way to generate priorities we need to decompose the decision into
the following steps.
Define the problem and determine the kind of knowledge sought.
Structure the decision hierarchy from the top with the goal of the decision, then the objectives
from a broad perspective, through the intermediate levels (criteria on which subsequent elements
depend) to the lowest level (which usually is a set of the alternatives).
Construct a set of pairwise comparison matrices. Each element in an upper level is used to
compare the elements in the level immediately below with respect to it.
Use the priorities obtained from the comparisons to weigh the priorities in the level immediately
below. Do this for every element. Then for each element in the level below add its weighed values
and obtain its overall or global priority. Continue this process of weighing and adding until the
final priorities of the alternatives in the bottom most level are obtained.
2) Pairwise Comparison: To make comparisons, we need a scale of numbers that indicates how many times
more important or dominant one element is over another element with respect to the criterion or property with
respect to which they are compared. The AHP methodology uses a fundamental scale of absolute numbers to
compare criteria, or alternatives with respect to a criterion in a pair-wise mode. The fundamental scale (called
the AHP standard scale), shown in Table II has been shown to be a scale that captures individual preferences
with respect to quantitative and qualitative attributes just as well or better than other scales [10]. A classic
psychological study conducted showed that the average individual has the capacity to keep only seven, plus or
minus two, objects in mind at any one time without becoming confused [11]. Therefore Thomas L. Saaty
recommends that for each branch at each level of the hierarchy, no more than seven items be compared [12]. For
larger problems, this may mean that similar elements will need to be grouped and additional layers of hierarchy
added in order to keep the problem formulation manageable. The eigenvector method was originally proposed
by Saaty and is one of the most popular methods of calculating preferences from inconsistent matrices of
4. Prioritising the Dimensions and Determinants of Internal Quality Assurance of Engineering Programmes
33
pairwise comparisons. It is based on the well-defined mathematical structure of consistent matrices and their
associated right eigenvector‟s ability to generate true or approximate weights [13].
Table II: The Saaty’s Fundamental Scale of Absolute Numbers
Intensity of
Importance
Definition Explanation
1 Equal Importance Two activities contribute equally to the objective
2 Weak or slight
3 Moderate importance Experience and judgement slightly favour one
activity over another
4 Moderate plus
5 Strong importance Experience and judgement strongly favour one
activity over another
6 Strong plus
7 Very strong or demonstrated importance An activity is favoured very strongly over
another; its dominance demonstrated in practice
8 Very, very strong
9 Extreme importance The evidence favouring one activity over another
is of the highest possible order of affirmation
Reciprocals
of above
If activity i has one of the above non-zero numbers
assigned to it when compared with activity j,
then j has the reciprocal value when compared with i
A reasonable assumption
3) Group Decision Making: Two important issues in group decision making are: how to aggregate individual
judgements in a group into a single representative judgement for the entire group and how to construct a group
choice from individual choices. The reciprocal property plays an important role in combining the judgements of
several individuals to obtain a single judgement for the group. Judgements must be combined so that the
reciprocal of the synthesised judgements is equal to the syntheses of the reciprocals of these judgements. It has
been proved that the geometric mean, not the frequently used arithmetic mean, is the only way to do that [14].
4) Consistency: Deviations from both ordinal and cardinal consistency are considered, and to a certain extent
allowed, within AHP. Ordinal consistency requires that if x is greater than y and y is greater than z, then x should
be greater than z. Cardinal consistency is a stronger requirement stipulating that if x is 2 times more important
than y and y is 3 times more important than z, then x must be 6 times more important than z. Various methods
have been devised to deal with inconsistency. Reference [12] suggests a consistency index,
1
max
n
n
CI
,
where n is the number of elements within a branch being compared, and λmax is the largest eigen value of the
pairwise comparison matrix, [A] of order (n x n). If [A] is perfectly consistent (cardinally), then λmax will be at a
minimum and equal to n, producing a CI equal to zero. As inconsistency increases, λmax increases, producing a
larger value of CI. This consistency index can be expressed as a consistency ratio (also referred as inconsistency
ratio),
RCI
CI
CR ,
where CIR is the consistency index for a random square matrix of the same size. Saaty suggests that CR should
be less than or equal to 0.1 [6], but the choice is arbitrary. If the value of CR is smaller or equal to 0.1 (10 %)
the inconsistency is acceptable and that if that ratio exceeds 0.1 the set of judgments may be too inconsistent to
be reliable. A CR of zero means that the judgements are perfectly consistent.
B. AHP in Research Studies in Higher Education
The use of AHP leads to both, more transparency of the quality of management decisions and an
increase in the importance of AHP [15]. Reference [16] had identified that AHP was adopted in education,
engineering, government, industry, management, manufacturing, personal, political, social, and sports for
solving decision-making problems. Several researchers in higher education field have been using AHP as a
decision making tool. Application of AHP can be seen in a wide range of areas like teaching quality appraisal
[17], course evaluation [18], selection of university teachers [19], student understanding of the objectives of
engineering exercise [20], curriculum design [21], improvement of the quality of teaching [22], selection of
information systems in universities [23], improvement of education quality in industrial engineering [24],
evaluation of university faculty for tenure and promotion [25], and university facilities planning [26].
5. Prioritising the Dimensions and Determinants of Internal Quality Assurance of Engineering Programmes
34
IV. PRIORITISATION OF THE DIMENSIONS AND DETERMINANTS
The study is organised to systematically determine the priorities (importance) to be given to each of the
dimension and determinant for internal quality assurance of second cycle engineering programmes. Before
making a judgement, a clear understanding of the objectives of the internal quality assurance process is required.
The study involves the collection of subjective opinions of experts and multilevel decision making. Hence, the
study is planned as an Analytic Hierarchy Process. As the number of determinants to be prioritized is 24, which
is a bigger number for one-shot pair wise comparison, a two stage decision making was done.
A. Prioritisation of the Dimensions
In the first stage of decision making, the dimensions for quality assurance are prioritised. The decision
hierarchy, shown in Figure 1 is formulated by breaking down the problem into a hierarchy of decision elements.
Fig. 1: AHP Model for Prioritizing the Dimensions of Internal Quality Assurance of Second Cycle
Engineering Programmes
The topmost level of hierarchy specifies „goal‟ of the study. Intermediate level corresponds to „criteria‟,
while the lowest level contains the „alternatives‟. For the present study, the goal is „Prioritization of the
dimensions for internal quality assurance of the second cycle engineering programmes‟. The intermediate level
represents the criteria, the four key performance results to be prioritised based on their importance in the
achievement of internal quality assurance. The last level represents the alternatives, the six dimensions to be
prioritised based on their importance in the achievement of the key performance results of internal quality
assurance. Responses were collected using a developed AHP questionnaire from 20 experts, selected through
purposive sampling. The details of experts are provided in Table III.
Table III: Details of Experts Participated in the Study
Field of Expertise (including former positions held) No. of Experts
Directors of Technical Education department 2
Directors of All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) 2
Members of AICTE accreditation teams 2
Governing Body members of engineering colleges 2
Directors / Principals of engineering colleges 2
Heads of the departments of engineering colleges 2
Coordinators of Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme (TEQIP) 2
Office bearers of professional institutions / societies 2
Senior scientists of National research labs 2
Senior executives of industrial organisations 2
Total 20
The individual responses are entered in the positive reciprocal matrix, and the geometric means of these
responses are calculated to get the overall group response. The group response is entered to form the pairwise
comparison matrix. The key performance result (criterion) listed on the left are one by one compared with each
criterion listed on top as to which one is more important with respect to the internal quality assurance of second
cycle engineering programmes. Local priorities of the key performance results of the internal quality assurance
6. Prioritising the Dimensions and Determinants of Internal Quality Assurance of Engineering Programmes
35
are determined from the pairwise comparison matrix shown in Table IV. The overall group response is found to
be consistent.
Table IV: Pairwise Comparison Matrix of the Key Performance Results with Respect to Internal Quality
Assurance
Key Performance Result
Enhanced
Quality
Strategic
Alignment
Continuous
Improvement
Stakeholder
Trust
Priorities
Defect Avoidance 1.00 2.13 1.27 1.63 0.3462
Strategic Alignment 0.47 1.00 0.55 0.68 0.1544
Continuous Improvement 0.79 1.82 1.00 1.44 0.2864
Stakeholder Trust 0.61 1.48 0.69 1.00 0.2130
Inconsistency Ratio: 0.00142
As the sum of priorities is unity, these priorities are called normalised priorities. The priorities may also
be expressed in the idealised form by dividing each priority by the largest one, 0.3462 for Defect Avoidance, as
given in Table V. The effect is to make this key performance result the ideal one with the others getting their
proportionate value. One may then interpret the results to mean that Continuous Improvement is about 82.73%
as significant as Defect Avoidance and so on.
Table V: Ranking of the Key Performance Results of Internal Quality Assurance
Rank Key Performance Result Normalised Priorities Idealised Priorities
1 Defect Avoidance 0.3462 1.0000
2 Continuous Improvement 0.2864 0.8273
3 Stakeholder Trust 0.2130 0.6153
4 Strategic Alignment 0.1544 0.4460
After determining the priorities of the key performance results, the next step is to judge the importance
of each of the 6 dimensions with respect to one key performance result at a time. Therefore 4 pairwise
comparison matrices will be there in this step. The pairwise comparison matrices of the 6 dimensions with
respect to each of the 4 key performance result are shown in tables VI to IX. The local priorities of each
dimension are calculated and the decisions are found to be consistent.
Table VI: Pairwise Comparison Matrix of the Dimensions with Respect to Defect Avoidance
Dimension
Quality
Enablers
Programme
Design
Programme
Resources
Programme
Delivery
Programme
Outcomes
Quality
Analysis
Priorities
Quality Enablers 1.00 1.18 1.36 1.51 1.72 0.76 0.1948
Programme Design 0.85 1.00 1.32 1.59 1.72 0.70 0.1828
Programme Resources 0.74 0.76 1.00 1.33 1.53 0.61 0.1513
Programme Delivery 0.66 0.63 0.75 1.00 1.26 0.57 0.1257
Programme Outcomes 0.58 0.58 0.65 0.79 1.00 0.53 0.1086
Quality Analysis 1.32 1.43 1.64 1.74 1.87 1.00 0.2368
Inconsistency Ratio: 0.00285
Table VII: Pairwise Comparison Matrix of the Dimensions with Respect to Strategic Alignment
Dimension
Quality
Enablers
Programme
Design
Programme
Resources
Programme
Delivery
Programme
Outcomes
Quality
Analysis
Priorities
Quality Enablers 1.00 1.78 1.36 1.51 1.13 1.31 0.2154
Programme Design 0.56 1.00 0.62 0.69 0.65 0.79 0.1154
Programme Resources 0.74 1.61 1.00 1.35 0.72 1.23 0.1729
Programme Delivery 0.66 1.45 0.74 1.00 0.69 0.76 0.1386
Programme Outcomes 0.88 1.53 1.39 1.44 1.00 1.27 0.2003
Quality Analysis 0.76 1.26 0.81 1.32 0.79 1.00 0.1574
Inconsistency Ratio: 0.00409
7. Prioritising the Dimensions and Determinants of Internal Quality Assurance of Engineering Programmes
36
Table VIII: Pairwise Comparison Matrix of the Dimensions with Respect to Continuous Improvement
Dimension
Quality
Enablers
Programme
Design
Programme
Resources
Programme
Delivery
Programme
Outcomes
Quality
Analysis
Priorities
Quality Enablers 1.00 0.78 0.75 0.63 0.68 0.76 0.1241
Programme Design 1.28 1.00 0.85 0.79 0.84 0.93 0.1531
Programme Resources 1.33 1.18 1.00 0.70 0.76 1.29 0.1660
Programme Delivery 1.59 1.27 1.42 1.00 1.26 1.57 0.2188
Programme Outcomes 1.48 1.19 1.32 0.79 1.00 1.41 0.1921
Quality Analysis 1.31 1.08 0.78 0.64 0.71 1.00 0.1459
Inconsistency Ratio: 0.00323
Table IX: Pairwise Comparison Matrix of the Dimensions with Respect to Stakeholder Trust
Dimension
Quality
Enablers
Programme
Design
Programme
Resources
Programme
Delivery
Programme
Outcomes
Quality
Analysis
Priorities
Quality Enablers 1.00 0.87 0.76 0.83 0.78 0.88 0.1405
Programme Design 1.15 1.00 0.89 0.95 0.90 0.96 0.1614
Programme Resources 1.32 1.12 1.00 1.09 1.18 1.19 0.1902
Programme Delivery 1.21 1.05 0.92 1.00 0.87 1.07 0.1682
Programme Outcomes 1.29 1.11 0.85 1.15 1.00 1.10 0.1784
Quality Analysis 1.14 1.04 0.84 0.93 0.91 1.00 0.1613
Inconsistency Ratio: 0.00065
The principle of hierarchic composition is utilised to calculate the overall priority of the dimensions.
Overall local priority of a dimension =
Σi [(Local priority of the dimension with respect to the ith
key performance result) *
(Local priority of the ith
key performance result with respect to internal quality assurance of second
cycle engineering programmes)]
The overall priorities of the dimensions are shown in Table X. Table XI provides a comparison of the
ranking of the dimensions and the idealised overall priorities are as shown in Table XII.
Table X: Aggregation of the Priorities of the Dimensions for Internal Quality Assurance
Dimension
Defect
Avoidance
Strategic
Alignment
Continuous
Improvement
Stakeholder
Trust
Overall
Priorities
0.3462 0.1544 0.2864 0.2130 1.0000
Quality Enablers 0.1948 0.2154 0.1241 0.1405 0.1662
Programme Design 0.1828 0.1154 0.1531 0.1614 0.1593
Programme Resources 0.1513 0.1729 0.1660 0.1902 0.1672
Programme Delivery 0.1257 0.1386 0.2188 0.1682 0.1634
Programme Outcomes 0.1086 0.2003 0.1921 0.1784 0.1615
Quality Analysis 0.2368 0.1574 0.1459 0.1613 0.1824
Table XI: Comparison of the Ranking of the Dimensions for Internal Quality Assurance
Dimension
Defect
Avoidance
Strategic
Alignment
Continuous
Improvement
Stakeholder
Trust
Overall Quality
Assurance
Quality Enablers 2 1 5 6 3
Programme Design 3 6 4 4 6
Programme Resources 4 3 3 1 2
Programme Delivery 5 5 1 3 4
Programme Outcomes 6 2 2 2 5
Quality Analysis 1 4 6 5 1
8. Prioritising the Dimensions and Determinants of Internal Quality Assurance of Engineering Programmes
37
Table XII: Ranking of the Dimensions for Overall Internal Quality Assurance
Rank Dimensions Normalised Priorities Idealised Priorities
1 Quality Analysis 0.1824 1.0000
2 Programme Resources 0.1672 0.9163
3 Quality Enablers 0.1662 0.9109
4 Programme Delivery 0.1634 0.8957
5 Programme Outcomes 0.1615 0.8854
6 Programme Design 0.1593 0.8732
From the idealised priorities, it is seen that even the dimension with the lowest idealised priority
(Programme Design with a priority of 0.8732) is 87.32% as significant as the dimension with the highest
priority. Therefore it is evident that all the 6 dimensions are very significant in the internal quality assurance of
second cycle engineering programmes.
B. Prioritisation of the Determinants
The experts were also asked to judge the relative importance of each of the 4 determinants under one
dimension, with respect to the particular dimension in the internal quality assurance of second cycle engineering
programmes. The AHP model for this part of the study is illustrated in Figure 2.
Fig. 2: AHP Model for Prioritizing the Determinants of Internal Quality Assurance of Second Cycle
Engineering Programmes
The pairwise comparison matrices of the respective 4 determinants under each of the 6 dimensions are
shown in tables XIII to XVIII.
9. Prioritising the Dimensions and Determinants of Internal Quality Assurance of Engineering Programmes
38
Table XIII: Pairwise Comparison Matrix of the Determinants with Respect to Quality Enablers
Determinant ILG ISPD AAPL DDE Priorities
Institutional Leadership and Governance 1.00 1.24 1.44 1.72 0.3245
Institutional Strategic Planning and Development 0.81 1.00 1.23 1.36 0.2641
Autonomy, Accountability and Professional Learning 0.69 0.81 1.00 1.15 0.2200
Decentralisation, Delegation and Empowerment 0.58 0.74 0.87 1.00 0.1914
Inconsistency Ratio: 0.00016
Table XIV: Pairwise Comparison Matrix of the Determinants with Respect to Programme Design
Determinant PEEO SPIS GLNLI IRFDC Priorities
Programme Educational Objectives and Outcomes 1.00 1.93 2.18 1.36 0.3700
Support and Participation of Industry and Society 0.52 1.00 1.23 0.80 0.2021
Global Linkages with National Labs and Institutions 0.46 0.81 1.00 0.67 0.1691
Industry Relevant, Flexible and Dynamic Curriculum 0.74 1.25 1.49 1.00 0.2588
Inconsistency Ratio: 0.00070
Table XV: Pairwise Comparison Matrix of the Determinants with Respect to Programme Resources
Determinant PBFR PSLR FACD SESSF Priorities
Programme Budget and Financial Resources 1.00 1.19 0.62 0.78 0.2117
Programme Specific Learning Resources 0.84 1.00 0.53 0.75 0.1850
Faculty: Adequacy, Competency and Development 1.61 1.88 1.00 1.24 0.3387
Student Enrolment and Student Services Facilities 1.29 1.34 0.81 1.00 0.2646
Inconsistency Ratio: 0.00080
Table XVI: Pairwise Comparison Matrix of the Determinants with Respect to Programme Delivery
Determinant LCISD KMSI SCI ACGM Priorities
Learner-Centred Instructional Systems Design 1.00 1.45 0.74 0.81 0.2358
Knowledge Management System Intervention 0.69 1.00 0.58 0.70 0.1777
Support for Creativity and Innovation 1.36 1.72 1.00 1.34 0.3249
Academic Counselling, Guidance and Mentoring 1.23 1.43 0.75 1.00 0.2616
Inconsistency Ratio: 0.00273
Table XVII: Pairwise Comparison Matrix of the Determinants with Respect to Programme Outcomes
Determinant CPLO RPCS GAPC DPSEV Priorities
Course and Programme Learning Outcomes 1.00 0.75 0.52 0.63 0.1697
Research, Publications and Consultancy Services 1.34 1.00 0.69 0.76 0.2213
Graduate Attributes and Professional Competencies 1.94 1.45 1.00 1.45 0.3439
Development of Personal, Social and Ethical Values 1.58 1.32 0.69 1.00 0.2651
Inconsistency Ratio: 0.00277
Table XVIII: Pairwise Comparison Matrix of the Determinants with Respect to Quality Analysis
Determinant IFB EPD QCIQA CRPP Priorities
Internal and Functional Benchmarking 1.00 0.59 1.44 1.72 0.2619
360o
Evaluation of Programme Dimensions 1.69 1.00 1.84 2.01 0.3767
Quality Circles and Internal Quality Audits 0.69 0.54 1.00 1.24 0.1962
Continual Review of PEOs and POs 0.58 0.50 0.81 1.00 0.1652
Inconsistency Ratio: 0.00546
10. Prioritising the Dimensions and Determinants of Internal Quality Assurance of Engineering Programmes
39
From the analysis of the pairwise comparison matrices, the most significant determinant under each
dimension can be listed as shown in Table XIX.
Table XIX: Most Significant Determinant under each Dimension
Dimension Determinant
Priority of the
Dimension
Priority of the
Determinant
Quality Enablers Institutional Leadership and Governance 0.1662 0.3245
Programme Design Programme Educational Objectives and Outcomes 0.1593 0.3700
Programme Resources Faculty: Adequacy, Competency and Development 0.1672 0.3387
Programme Delivery Support for Creativity and Innovation 0.1634 0.3249
Programme Outcomes Graduate Attributes and Professional Competencies 0.1615 0.3439
Quality Analysis 360o
Evaluation of Programme Dimensions 0.1824 0.3767
The principle of hierarchic composition is again utilised to calculate the overall priority (global priority)
of the determinants with respect to internal quality assurance of second cycle programmes in engineering.
Global priority of a determinant =
(Local priority of the determinant with respect to the dimension to which it belong) *
(Overall local priority of the corresponding dimension with respect to internal quality assurance of
second cycle engineering programmes)
The global priorities of all the 24 determinants evolved from the study are displayed in Table XX. The
overall ranking of the determinants along with their idealised global priorities are indicated in Table XXI.
Table XX: Global Priorities of the Determinants of Internal Quality Assurance
Dimension Determinant
Overall
Priorities of
the
Dimension
Local
Priorities of
the
Determinant
Global
Priorities of
the
Determinant
Quality
Enablers
Institutional Leadership and Governance 0.1662 0.3245 0.0539
Institutional Strategic Planning and Development 0.1662 0.2641 0.0439
Autonomy, Accountability and Professional Learning 0.1662 0.2200 0.0366
Decentralisation, Delegation and Empowerment 0.1662 0.1914 0.0318
Programme
Design
Programme Educational Objectives and Outcomes 0.1593 0.3700 0.0589
Support and Participation of Industry and Society 0.1593 0.2021 0.0322
Global Linkages with National Labs and Institutions 0.1593 0.1691 0.0269
Industry Relevant, Flexible and Dynamic Curriculum 0.1593 0.2588 0.0412
Programme
Resources
Programme Budget and Financial Resources 0.1672 0.2117 0.0354
Programme Specific Learning Resources 0.1672 0.1850 0.0309
Faculty: Adequacy, Competency and Development 0.1672 0.3387 0.0566
Student Enrolment and Student Services Facilities 0.1672 0.2646 0.0442
Programme
Delivery
Learner-Centred Instructional Systems Design 0.1634 0.2358 0.0385
Knowledge Management System Intervention 0.1634 0.1777 0.0290
Support for Creativity and Innovation 0.1634 0.3249 0.0531
Academic Counselling, Guidance and Mentoring 0.1634 0.2616 0.0427
Programme
Outcomes
Course and Programme Learning Outcomes 0.1615 0.1697 0.0274
Research, Publications and Consultancy Services 0.1615 0.2213 0.0357
Graduate Attributes and Professional Competencies 0.1615 0.3439 0.0555
Development of Personal, Social and Ethical Values 0.1615 0.2651 0.0428
Quality
Analysis
Internal and Functional Benchmarking 0.1824 0.2619 0.0478
360o
Evaluation of Programme Dimensions 0.1824 0.3767 0.0687
Quality Circles and Internal Quality Audits 0.1824 0.1962 0.0358
Continual Review of PEOs and POs 0.1824 0.1652 0.0301
11. Prioritising the Dimensions and Determinants of Internal Quality Assurance of Engineering Programmes
40
Table XXI: Ranking of the Determinants for Internal Quality Assurance
Rank Dimensions Normalised Priorities Idealised Priorities
1 360o
Evaluation of Programme Dimensions 0.0687 1.0000
2 Programme Educational Objectives and Outcomes 0.0589 0.8574
3 Faculty: Adequacy, Competency and Development 0.0566 0.8239
4 Graduate Attributes and Professional Competencies 0.0555 0.8079
5 Institutional Leadership and Governance 0.0539 0.7846
6 Support for Creativity and Innovation 0.0531 0.7729
7 Internal and Functional Benchmarking 0.0478 0.6958
8 Student Enrolment and Student Services Facilities 0.0442 0.6434
9 Institutional Strategic Planning and Development 0.0439 0.6390
10 Development of Personal, Social and Ethical Values 0.0428 0.6230
11 Academic Counselling, Guidance and Mentoring 0.0427 0.6215
12 Industry Relevant, Flexible and Dynamic Curriculum 0.0412 0.6000
13 Learner-Centred Instructional Systems Design 0.0385 0.5604
14 Autonomy, Accountability and Professional Learning 0.0366 0.5328
15 Quality Circles and Internal Quality Audits 0.0358 0.5211
16 Research, Publications and Consultancy Services 0.0357 0.5197
17 Programme Budget and Financial Resources 0.0354 0.5153
18 Support and Participation of Industry and Society 0.0322 0.4687
19 Decentralisation, Delegation and Empowerment 0.0318 0.4629
20 Programme Specific Learning Resources 0.0309 0.4498
21 Continual Review of PEOs and POs 0.0301 0.4381
22 Knowledge Management System Intervention 0.0290 0.4221
23 Course and Programme Learning Outcomes 0.0274 0.3988
24 Global Linkages with National Labs and Institutions 0.0269 0.3916
The results of the study show that the normalised global weightages of the top 6 determinants are more
than 5% and their idealised global weightages are more than 75%. Therefore these 6 determinants can be
considered as the most significant determinants of internal quality assurance of second cycle engineering
programmes. These 6 determinants are:
360o
Evaluation of Programme Dimensions
Programme Educational Objectives and Outcomes
Faculty: Adequacy, Competency and Development
Graduate Attributes and Professional Competencies
Institutional Leadership and Governance
Support for Creativity and Innovation
V. CONCLUSIONS
Improving the quality of engineering programmes is of high interest to researchers, policy makers and
leaders of engineering institutions as it is considered as one of the key requirements for sustainability. The
importance of various factors influencing the quality assurance process is to be assessed properly before
implementing an internal quality assurance system. Prioritising the factors influencing quality assurance is a
problem of multi-criteria decision making. The decision making problem is the process of finding the best
option from all of the feasible alternatives. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is one of the extensively used
multi-criteria decision making methods. One of the main advantages of this method is the relative ease with
which it handles multiple criteria. The use of AHP does not involve cumbersome mathematics. AHP involves
the principles of decomposition, pairwise comparisons, and priority vector generation and synthesis. In this
study, AHP was applied to structure a multi-criteria prioritisation problem with the overall objective of
enhancing the effectiveness of the internal quality assurance of second cycle engineering programmes. The
results of the study shows that internal quality assurance process will be effective only if quality is assured in all
the dimensions of the programme: Quality Enablers, Programme Design, Programme Resources, Programme
Delivery, Programme Outcomes and Quality Analysis.
12. Prioritising the Dimensions and Determinants of Internal Quality Assurance of Engineering Programmes
41
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