The document introduces the WirelessUSB technology and the CYWUSB693 WirelessUSB transceiver chip. It provides an overview of WirelessUSB and how it compares to other wireless technologies like Bluetooth and Zigbee. It then describes the key features of the CYWUSB6935 chip such as its 2.4GHz radio, data throughput, and integrated components. Finally, it outlines some potential applications for WirelessUSB technology and provides a functional description and block diagram of the CYWUSB6935 chip.
This presentation by Westermo’s Technical Lead Engineers Dakota Diehl and Benjamin Campbell, is an integral part of the Westermo webinar on March 26th 2020, covering how to get older network technology to communicate over new protocols and equipment, and bridging the gap in technologies without replacing legacy equipment. Watch it here: https://www.westermo.com/news-and-events/webinars/accessing-the-edge-with-legacy-communications
In IoT applications, BLE frequency, 433MHz frequency, Wi-Fi frequency, 2.4GHz frequency, GPS frequency, GPRS frequency, LoRa frequency, NB-IoT frequency, etc. are often mentioned technologies. Among them, 433MHz frequency has a wide range of applications but is not well known. In this article, we will start from a few basic knowledge points to introduce 433MHz frequency.
Wireless radio frequency is a kind of non-contact automatic identification technology that emerged in the 1990s of the 20th century and is a kind of wireless communication technology with close distance, low complexity, low power consumption, low data rate, and low cost.
This presentation by Westermo’s Technical Lead Engineers Dakota Diehl and Benjamin Campbell, is an integral part of the Westermo webinar on March 26th 2020, covering how to get older network technology to communicate over new protocols and equipment, and bridging the gap in technologies without replacing legacy equipment. Watch it here: https://www.westermo.com/news-and-events/webinars/accessing-the-edge-with-legacy-communications
In IoT applications, BLE frequency, 433MHz frequency, Wi-Fi frequency, 2.4GHz frequency, GPS frequency, GPRS frequency, LoRa frequency, NB-IoT frequency, etc. are often mentioned technologies. Among them, 433MHz frequency has a wide range of applications but is not well known. In this article, we will start from a few basic knowledge points to introduce 433MHz frequency.
Wireless radio frequency is a kind of non-contact automatic identification technology that emerged in the 1990s of the 20th century and is a kind of wireless communication technology with close distance, low complexity, low power consumption, low data rate, and low cost.
Global System for Mobile Communication Based Smart Home Security SystemIJERA Editor
Home security system is needed for occupants' convenience and safety. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of an affordable, low power consumption, and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) based wireless home security system. In existing system, the home network is engaged with non-wireless technology, where the installation and maintenance is difficult. So the system cost is very high. In our proposed system, these difficulties are overcome by introducing a wireless home network which contains a GPRS Gateway and three kinds of security nodes namely door security node, anti intrusion node and SMS node to inform the user. The nodes are easy installing. All the three nodes are connected to the microcontroller.
Motivation and history of Mobil communication. Fundamental challenges to mobile computing. electromagnetic Spectrum. Types wireless standard. Transmission media in woreless system. Mobile computing architecture.
These slides cover a topic on ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) in Data Communication. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
Global System for Mobile Communication Based Smart Home Security SystemIJERA Editor
Home security system is needed for occupants' convenience and safety. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of an affordable, low power consumption, and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) based wireless home security system. In existing system, the home network is engaged with non-wireless technology, where the installation and maintenance is difficult. So the system cost is very high. In our proposed system, these difficulties are overcome by introducing a wireless home network which contains a GPRS Gateway and three kinds of security nodes namely door security node, anti intrusion node and SMS node to inform the user. The nodes are easy installing. All the three nodes are connected to the microcontroller.
Motivation and history of Mobil communication. Fundamental challenges to mobile computing. electromagnetic Spectrum. Types wireless standard. Transmission media in woreless system. Mobile computing architecture.
These slides cover a topic on ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) in Data Communication. All the slides are explained in a very simple manner. It is useful for engineering students & also for the candidates who want to master data communication & computer networking.
An efficient ultra-wideband digital transceiver for wireless applications on...IJECEIAES
The ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is a promising short-range communication technology for most wireless applications. The UWB works at higher frequencies and is affected by interferences with the same frequency standards. This manuscript has designed an efficient and lowcost implementation of IEEE 802.15.4a-based UWB-digital transceiver (DTR). The design module contains UWB transmitter (TX), channel, and UWB-receiver (RX) units. Convolutional encoding and modulation units like burst position modulation and binary phase-shift keying modulation are used to construct the UWB-TX. The synchronization and Viterbi decoder units are used to recover the original data bits and are affected by noise in UWB-RX. The UWB-DTR is synthesized using Xilinx ISE® environment with Verilog hardware description language (HDL) and implemented on Artix-7 field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The UWB-DTR utilizes less than 2% (slices and look-up table/LUTs), operates at 268 MHz, and consumes 91 mW of total power on FPGA. The transceiver achieves a 6.86 Mbps data rate, which meets the IEEE 802.15.4a standard. The UWB-DTR module obtains the bit error rate (BER) of 2×10-4 by transmitting 105 data bits. The UWB-DTR module is compared with similar physical layer (PHY) transceivers with improvements in chip area (slices), power, data rate, and BER.
Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) is a communication technology used in wireless networking to achieve high bandwidth connections with low power spectral density.
- What is UWB?
- Why UWB?
- How it works?
- Conclusion
Wireless Technologies
Presented by
Sean Shields
And
Gabriel Taveras
Definition
Term “Wireless” refers to all the communications sent and received without wires.
So Wireless Technology
Means a technology that use radio waves to transmit or receive data.
Wi-Fi
Bluetooth
Cellular
Wimax
TYPES OF
TECHNOLOGIES
INTRODUCTION:
Wireless Fidelity termed as Wi-Fi uses the IEEE 802.11 specification to create a wireless local-area network.
A Wi-Fi network basically consists of a wired connection to the Internet that leads to a wireless router for transmutation and receiving data from individual devices, connecting them not only to the outside world but also to each other.
HOW WIFI WORKS?
1. All devices use a wireless adapter to convert request into a radio signal and broadcasts it into the air.
2. The Wi-Fi device, or wireless router, picks up the signal and translates it back into its original form.
3. The router passes the request to the Internet using a hardwired connection.
4. The Internet returns the requested information to the router across the same connection.
5. The router converts the information into a radio signal and broadcasts it into the air.
6. The computer or cell phone's wireless adapter picks up the information and displays it on your screen
WIFI TOPOLOGIES
Wifi have following topologies
AP-based topology (Infrastructure Mode)
Peer-to-peer topology (Ad-hoc Mode)
Point-to-multipoint bridge topology
Wi Fi Network
Wireless Standards
802.11
In 1997, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) created the first WLAN standard. They called it 802.11 after the name of the group formed to oversee its development. Unfortunately, 802.11 only supported a maximum network bandwidth of 2 Mbps - too slow for most applications. For this reason, ordinary 802.11 wireless products are no longer manufactured.
Wireless Standards
802.11b
IEEE expanded on the original 802.11 standard in July 1999, creating the 802.11b specification. 802.11b supports bandwidth up to 11 Mbps, comparable to traditional Ethernet.
Wireless Standards
802.11a
Supports bandwidth up to 54 Mbps and signals in a regulated frequency spectrum around 5 GHz. This higher frequency compared to 802.11b shortens the range of 802.11a networks. The higher frequency also means 802.11a signals have more difficulty penetrating walls and other obstructions.
Wireless Standards
802.11g
Attempts to combine the best of both 802.11a and 802.11b. 802.11g supports bandwidth up to 54 Mbps, and it uses the 2.4 Ghz frequency for greater range. 802.11g is backwards compatible with 802.11b, meaning that 802.11g access points will work with 802.11b wireless network adapters and vice versa.
Wireless Standards
802.11n
The newest IEEE standard in the Wi-Fi category is 802.11n.
802.11n connections support data rates of over 100 Mbps. 802.11n also offers somewhat better range over earlier Wi-Fi standards due to its increased signal.
Webinar NETGEAR - Linee guida per il disegno di una rete wireless a elevate p...Netgear Italia
Alcuni suggerimenti per effettuare:
- Analisi preliminare
- Sopralluogo
- Pianificazione della rete
- Proposta della soluzione consigliata
Some advices to run:
- Preliminary Study
- Surveys
- Network Design
- Solution proposal
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Welcome to the first live UiPath Community Day Dubai! Join us for this unique occasion to meet our local and global UiPath Community and leaders. You will get a full view of the MEA region's automation landscape and the AI Powered automation technology capabilities of UiPath. Also, hosted by our local partners Marc Ellis, you will enjoy a half-day packed with industry insights and automation peers networking.
📕 Curious on our agenda? Wait no more!
10:00 Welcome note - UiPath Community in Dubai
Lovely Sinha, UiPath Community Chapter Leader, UiPath MVPx3, Hyper-automation Consultant, First Abu Dhabi Bank
10:20 A UiPath cross-region MEA overview
Ashraf El Zarka, VP and Managing Director MEA, UiPath
10:35: Customer Success Journey
Deepthi Deepak, Head of Intelligent Automation CoE, First Abu Dhabi Bank
11:15 The UiPath approach to GenAI with our three principles: improve accuracy, supercharge productivity, and automate more
Boris Krumrey, Global VP, Automation Innovation, UiPath
12:15 To discover how Marc Ellis leverages tech-driven solutions in recruitment and managed services.
Brendan Lingam, Director of Sales and Business Development, Marc Ellis
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
9. Functional Description of CYWUSB6935 The CYWUSB6935 transceiver is a single-chip 2.4-GHz Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) baseband modem radio that connects directly to a microcontroller via a simple serial peripheral interface.
16. Avoiding Interference 2400 2404 2408 2412 2420 2424 2428 2416 Close range Wi-Fi signal may interfere with your 2.4GHz device Interference detected due to increased error rates Free channel found Frequency (MHz) The key to avoiding interference is detecting it Receive Signal Strength Indicator High signal strength ( RSSI ) detected here, so search continues
Welcome to the training module on Cypress CYWUSB6935: WirelessUSB LR 2.4-GHz DSSS Radio SoC. This training module introduces the WirelessUSB technology and CYWUSB693 WirelessUSB transceiver.
Wireless technologies have gained rapid acceptance in the marketplace and the growth continues to accelerate. The ability to move data without having to connect a cable, run wires, or worry about having the right adapters is very appealing. Wireless offers the promise of convenience, speed, and ease of use. Wireless is still all about moving information from point A to point B. Depending upon the needs of the application, data may move in one direction only, or it might need to move in both directions. There are many different wireless technologies in use or emerging today. Examples include WiFi®, Bluetooth®, ZigbeeTM, Ultra-Wide Band (UWB), and many more.
These technologies differ in many ways, such as frequency spectrum, data rates, data encoding, protocols, network topologies, and others. The Cypress WirelessUSB and PRoC products are aimed at mid to low data rates (up to 1 Mbps) and simple cable replacement or simple network topologies. WirelessUSB only supports moving data in one direction at a time, thus it is half duplex.
Here gives the difference between WirelseeUSB and 27MHz technology.
Here introduces the difference between WirelseeUSB and Bluetooth technology method.
The CYWUSB6935 provides a complete SPI-to-antenna radio modem. The CYWUSB6935 is designed to implement wireless devices operating in the worldwide 2.4-GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) frequency band (2.400 GHz–2.4835 GHz). The CYWUSB6935 contains a 2.4-GHz radio transceiver, a GFSK modem, and a dual DSSS reconfigurable baseband. The radio and baseband are both code- and frequency-agile. Forty-nine spreading codes selected for optimal performance (Gold codes) are supported across 78 1-MHz channels yielding a theoretical spectral capacity of 3822 channels. The CYWUSB6935 supports a range of up to 50 meters or more.
Here shows overall areas where this device can be used. This device will fit into more or less every areas where we require wireless connectivity with suitable Data rate. It can go into Home/Building Automation, Industrial Control, Meter Reading, Consumer applications like remote, toys, locator alarm, presenter tool, etc.
The CYWUSB6935 transceiver is a single-chip 2.4-GHz Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) baseband modem radio that connects directly to a microcontroller via a simple serial peripheral interface. As stated previously, the CYWUSB6935 contains a 2.4-GHz radio transceiver, a GFSK modem, and a dual DSSS reconfigurable baseband. The radio and baseband are both code- and frequency-agile. Forty-nine spreading codes selected for optimal performance (Gold codes) are supported across 78 1-MHz channels yielding a theoretical spectral capacity of 3822 channels. The CYWUSB6935 supports a range of up to 50 meters.
This transmitter uses a DSP-based vector modulator to generate an accurate GFSK carrier. The receiver uses a fully integrated Frequency Modulator (FM) detector with automatic data slicer to demodulate the GFSK signal. Data is converted to DSSS chips by a digital spreader. De-spreading is performed by an oversampled correlator. The DSSS baseband cancels spurious noise and assembles properly correlated data bytes. The DSSS baseband has three operating modes: 64-chips/bit Single Channel, 32-chips/bit Single Channel, and 32-chips/bit Single Channel Dual Data Rate (DDR).
The CYWUSB6935 provides a data Serializer/Deserializer (SERDES), which provides byte-level framing of transmit and receive data. Bytes for transmission are loaded into the SERDES and receive bytes are read from the SERDES via the SPI interface. The SERDES provides double buffering of transmit and receive data. While one byte is being transmitted by the radio the next byte can be written to the SERDES data register insuring there are no breaks in transmitted data. CYWUSB6935 has a fully synchronous SPI slave interface for connectivity to the application MCU. Configuration and byte-oriented data transfer can be performed over this interface. An interrupt is provided to trigger real time events.
WirelessUSB LS utilizes a 2.4-GHz direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) radio interface. DSSS generates a redundant bit pattern for each bit to be transmitted. This bit pattern is called a “chip” or a pseudo noise code. Because they use direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) technology, WirelessUSB systems encode their data within Pseudo Noise (PN) codes. The main advantage is to increase the robustness and recoverability of the signal in the presence of interference. A simple explanation is that a single data bit from the application is represented by multiple bits when sent across the air, and decoded back into the original data bit on the other side. One result of using PN codes is that devices in a given network must agree to use a common PN code in order to understand one another. Another advantage of this is that it increases the co-location capabilities since devices can share the same channel if they use different PN Codes.
The pseudo noise code is a binary signal that is produced at a much higher frequency than the data that is to be transmitted. Because it has a higher frequency, it has a large bandwidth that spreads the signal in the frequency domain. The nature of this signal makes it appear that it is random noise. The wide bandwidth provided by the pseudo noise code allows the signal power to drop below the noise threshold without losing any information. This allows DSSS signals to operate in noisy environments and reduces the interference caused by traditional narrowband signals.
In the presence of interference, the transmitted PN code will often be received with some PN-code chips corrupted. The receivers use a data correlator to decode the incoming data stream. If the number of chip errors is less than the correlator error threshold, the data will be correctly received. Otherwise, the data bit will be marked as “unknown” and the software error recovery mechanism will be used to recover the “unknown” data. In the WirelessUSB protocol, PN Code is a one-byte number index to the gold code table. Changing the receiver’s PN Code is equivalent to changing the 32-chip or 64-chip “pattern” that the receiver is trying to look for.
The RSSI register (Reg 0x22) returns the relative signal strength of the ON-channel signal power and can be used to determine the connection quality, determine the value of the noise floor, and check for a quiet channel before transmitting. The internal RSSI voltage is sampled through a 5-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The conversion produces a 5-bit value in the RSSI register along with a valid bit. Once a connection has been established, the RSSI register can be read to determine the relative connection quality of the channel. To check for a quiet channel before transmitting, first set up receive mode properly and read the RSSI register. Then, wait greater than 50 μs and read the RSSI register again. Next, clear the Carrier Detect Register and turn the receiver OFF. A RSSI register value of 0-10 indicates a channel that is relatively quiet. A RSSI register value greater than 10 indicates the channel is probably being used. A RSSI register value greater than 28 indicates the presence of a strong signal.
The ISM band is a busy spectrum with a lot of different technologies sharing the band. Therefore, managing interference is an important consideration. The DSSS technology itself is the first stage of managing interference. In the presence of stronger interference, the DSSS technology by itself may not be enough to overcome interference. There are another mechanism for overcoming interference. The first is detecting the interference, which can be accomplished by monitoring the background noise level using the measurement of signal strength. Once interference has been detected, the system must then identify a channel with an acceptable level of interference, and then move all nodes on the system to this new channel.
This slide shows a block diagram example of a typical battery powered device using the CYWUSB6935 chip. The CYWUSB6935 uses the four-wire SPI to communicate with an application MCU.
This diagram shows MCU interface with this wirelessusb device and its sequence. The four-wire SPI communications interface consists of Master Out-Slave In (MOSI), Master In-Slave Out (MISO), Serial Clock (SCK), and Slave Select (SS). The SPI receives SCK from an application MCU on the SCK pin. Data from the application MCU is shifted in on the MOSI pin. Data to the application MCU is shifted out on the MISO pin. The active-low Slave Select (SS) pin must be asserted to initiate a SPI transfer.
This figure shows the application schematic using this device as networked connected device (i.e. one master and many slave devices connected).
Thank you for taking the time to view this presentation on CYWUSB6935 . If you would like to learn more or go on to purchase some of these devices, you may either click on the part list link, or simple call our sales hotline. For more technical information you may either visit the Cypress site, or if you would prefer to speak to someone live, please call our hotline number, or even use our ‘live chat’ online facility.