The document covers Zigbee technology, based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, designed for low-power sensor and control networks. It details network architecture, including the roles of coordinators, routers, and end devices, along with XBee module features and configurations necessary for establishing peer-to-peer communication. Key topics include address types, command modes for configuration, and modes of communication such as unicast and broadcast.

1. Instructor:
Mohsen Sarakbi
ZigBee Module
Communication PIC-Microcontroller Lab
Course by JAOM Center, Feb. 2013

2. ZigBee Definition
 Based on IEEE 802.15.4 Standard (Addressing)
 Designed for sensor and control networks
 Used for applications that require:
 Low Power Consumption
 Low Data Rate
 Network Security

3. Wireless Comparison

4. ZigBee Layers

5. ZigBee Layers
 Two lower layers, the physical layers (PHY) and the media access
layer (MAC) are defined by the IEEE 802.15.4 specification.
 The PHY deals with the implementation of the direct sequence
spread spectrum (DSSS) radio hardware in 2.4GHz band
 The MAC handles access to the PHY layer.
 Network Layer;Ad-hoc
 The above layers are defined by the ZigBeeAlliance, except the
application layer which is defined by the end user.

6. ZigBee Layers

7. ZigBee Network

8. ZigBee Network
 Coordinator : One coordinator exists in each network.
• Each network has 1 coordinator
• Coordinator selects channel and PAN ID
• Other devices then join the PAN
• Usually powered by something stable
• 16-bit address is always 0
• Assigns 16-bit address for the router and end devices

9. ZigBee Network
 Routers: Many routers exist in each network.
• Optional
• Often powered by something stable
• Can have as many as you want
• Issues a request on startup to find a coordinator/network it
can join
• Can talk to any device
• If an end device is sleeping it stores its data
• Coordinator can act as a “super router”

10. ZigBee Network
 End Devices: Many end devices exist in each network.
 Usually battery powered
 They sleep most of the time and wake up regularly to collect
and transmit data.
 Devices such as sensors are configured as end devices.
 They are connected to the network through the routers.
 Can have as many as you want

11. XBEE Module

12. XBEE Features
 www.digi.com
 802.15.4 / Multipoint network topologies
 2.4 GHz for worldwide deployment
 900 MHz for long-range deployment
 Low-power sleep modes
 Multiple antenna options

13. XBEE Chip

14. Regular vs. Pro
XBEE XBEE Pro
Power 1-2mW 50-60mW
Size Smaller Larger
Range Shorter range (100m) Longer range (300m)
Cost Cheaper More expensive

15. XBEE Addressing
• Channels
• PAN ID
• 64-bit address
• High -0013A200 same for all XBees
• Low – each XBee has its own address
• 16-bit address (Series 1 only)

16. ZBEE Point-to-Point

17. XBEE Firmware
• Must upload with X-CTU (onWindows)
• AT Commands

18. XBEE Configuration

19. Command Mode
 +++ gets you into command mode
 1 second delay on either side
 No <enter>
 Should get “OK” back
 Times out after 10 seconds
• Commands use Hexadecimals
• Always Press Enter

20. AT Commands
• AT – just returns an “OK”
• ATMY – 16- bit address (Series 1 only)
• ATDH – 64-bit destination address high bits
• ATDL – 64-bit destination address low bits
• ATID – PAN ID
• ATCN – end command mode
• ATRE – reset all settings
• ATWR – write settings to flash
 ATBD followed by 0-7 depending on the BaudRate you want
 0 = 1200, 1 = 2400, 2 = 4800, 3 = 9600, 4 = 19200, 5 = 38400,
6 = 57600, 7 = 115200

21. AT Commands

22. ZBEE Point-to-Point
 A peer-to-peer network can be established by:
 configuring each module to operate as an End
Device (CE = 0)
 disabling End DeviceAssociation on all modules
(A1 = 0)
 setting ID and CH parameters to be identical
across the network.

23. Unicast Mode
 ZBEE 16-bit Address
 Short 16-bit addresses.The module can be configured
to use short 16-bit addresses as the Source Address by:
 Setting (MY < 0xFFFE).
 Setting the DH parameter (DH = 0) will configure the
DestinationAddress to be a short 16-bit address (if DL <
0xFFFE).
 For two modules to communicate using short addressing, the
DestinationAddress of the transmitter module must match
the MY parameter of the receiver.

24. Unicast Mode
 ZBEE 64-bit Address
 Long 64-bit addresses.The RF module’s serial number
(SL parameter concatenated to the SH parameter) can
be used as a 64-bit source address when the MY (16-
bit Source Address) parameter is disabled.When the
MY parameter is disabled (MY = 0xFFFF or 0xFFFE),
the module’s source address is set to the 64-bit IEEE
address stored in the SH and SL parameters.

25. Broadcast Mode
 One to All
 Any RF module within range will accept a packet that
contains a broadcast address.
 To send a broadcast packet to all modules regardless of
16-bit or 64-bit addressing.
 Sample Network Configuration (All modules in the
network):
 DL (Destination LowAddress) = 0x0000FFFF
 DH (Destination High Address) = 0x00000000

26. Lab
 X-CTU
 XBEE to XBEE connection (without PIC)
 16-bit & 64 bit
 Broadcast
 Using PIC for an application