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Cultured Meat (In Vitro Meat)
Cultured meat: Lab-grown meat comes in many other names; cultured meat, in vitro meat, synthetic meat,
and is made by growing muscle cells in a nutrient serum and encouraging them into muscle-like fibres.
By: Faisal A. Alshamiry
Advisor: Prof. Gamaleldin Suliman
2018
Victimless meat
Hydroponic meat
Test-tube
In-vitro meat
Cultured meat
Shmeat
Victimless meat
Hydroponic meat
Test-tube
In-vitro meat
Cultured meat
Shmeat
‫العالم‬ ‫في‬ ‫اللحوم‬ ‫حول‬ ‫حقائق‬
•‫عام‬2010،‫كان‬‫اإلنتاج‬‫العالمي‬‫للحوم‬283‫ن‬‫مليو‬‫طن‬
•‫تربية‬‫املاشية‬‫ك‬‫ر‬‫تشا‬‫بنسبة‬15-20%‫من‬‫انبعاثات‬‫ثاني‬‫أكسيد‬‫ن‬‫الكربو‬‫أي‬‫ما‬‫يعادل‬‫من‬‫اإلجما‬‫لي‬
‫العام‬‫لكمية‬‫ات‬‫ز‬‫غا‬‫العوادم‬‫لكل‬‫ات‬‫ر‬‫السيا‬‫ات‬‫ر‬‫والقطا‬‫والبواخر‬‫ات‬‫ر‬‫والطائ‬‫على‬‫كوكب‬‫ال‬‫ض‬‫ر‬.
•‫أعلى‬‫معدل‬‫استهالك‬‫للحم‬‫في‬‫العالم‬‫يبلغ‬‫كمتوسط‬250‫جم‬‫يوميا‬/91.250‫كجم‬‫سنويا‬‫للفرد‬‫في‬‫إمريكا‬/2014
•‫أقل‬‫معدل‬‫استهالك‬‫اللحم‬‫في‬‫العالم‬‫يبلغ‬‫كمتوسط‬010‫جم‬‫يوميا‬/3.650‫كجم‬‫سنويا‬‫للفرد‬‫في‬‫ـهند‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ل‬‫ا‬/2014
•‫ى‬‫مستو‬‫الرفاهية‬‫في‬‫البلدان‬‫النامية‬‫افقه‬‫ر‬‫سي‬‫يادة‬‫ز‬‫استهالك‬‫اللحم‬‫في‬‫العالم‬‫بن‬‫سبة‬70%.
•‫بالتالي‬‫نحتاج‬‫لتوفير‬‫تلك‬‫الكميات‬‫ملواجهة‬‫الطلب‬‫العالمي‬‫ايد‬‫ز‬‫املت‬‫للحوم‬.‫لذا‬‫بما‬‫ر‬‫ومن‬‫املم‬‫كن‬‫أن‬‫استخدام‬
‫تقنية‬‫استزراع‬‫اللحوم‬‫مختبريا‬‫قد‬‫ن‬‫تكو‬‫طريقة‬‫ناجعة‬‫وحل‬‫عملي‬‫على‬‫املدي‬‫البعيد‬.
1) What is the cultured meat?
2) Make a general comparison between the cultured and real meat.
3) What is the chemical composition of the cultured meat?
4) What about the quality characteristics of the cultured meat?
5) Is it feasible to produce cultured meat compared to real one?
6) What are the main constrains facing producing cultured meat?
7) What do you think about this type of production & how can you see the future of such a product?
Contents:-
What is the cultured meat?
• In-Vitro meat is the (idea of) manufacturing of meat products through
"tissue-engineering" technology.
• In vitro meat, is an animal flesh product that has never been part of
a developed, living animal.
• The idea: To produce animal meat, but without using an animal.
• Starting cells (stem cells) are taken painlessly from live animals, they are put
into a culture media where they start to proliferate and grow, independently
from the animal.
• This process would be efficient enough to supply the global demand for meat.
• All this would happen without any genetic manipulation, without the need to interfere
with the cells’ genetic sequences.
•‫اللحوم‬‫في‬‫املختبر‬..
•‫فكرتها‬‫هي‬‫تصنيع‬‫منتجات‬‫اللحم‬‫من‬
‫خالل‬‫تقنية‬‫تسمى‬(‫هندسة‬‫األنسج‬‫ة‬)
‫في‬‫املختبر‬.
•‫وهو‬‫منتج‬‫حيواني‬‫ولكنه‬‫ليس‬‫من‬
‫الحيوان‬.
•‫وطرح‬‫أخر‬‫ل‬‫يقو‬:‫هو‬‫إنتاج‬‫لحوم‬
‫حيوانات‬‫ن‬‫بدو‬‫حيوانات‬.
•‫حيث‬‫تؤخذ‬‫الخلية‬‫البدائية‬‫الجذعي‬‫ة‬
‫ن‬‫دو‬‫تأثير‬‫وألم‬‫على‬‫الحيوان‬‫غالبا‬‫من‬
‫منطقة‬‫الرقبة‬‫وتوضع‬‫في‬‫بيئة‬‫لت‬‫بدأ‬‫في‬
‫النمو‬‫والتكاثر‬‫بشكل‬‫مستقل‬‫عن‬
‫الحيوان‬.
•‫ن‬‫ستكو‬‫هذه‬‫العملية‬‫فعالة‬‫بما‬‫في‬‫ه‬
‫الكفاية‬‫لتوفير‬‫الطلب‬‫العالمي‬‫ا‬‫ايد‬‫ز‬‫ملت‬
‫على‬‫اللحوم‬.
•‫كل‬‫ذلك‬‫سيحدث‬‫ن‬‫دو‬‫أي‬‫تالعب‬
‫بالجينات‬‫ن‬‫ودو‬‫الحاجة‬‫إلى‬‫التدخل‬‫ف‬‫ي‬
‫التسلسل‬‫الجيني‬‫للخاليا‬.
Make a general comparison between the cultured & real meat.1
• The basic idea is to encourage muscle cells to grow into a foodstuf
& produce meat in a way totally unlike how it is done on farms.
The disadvantages of traditional meat production
• Current meat and dairy production methods utilize approximately:
• 70% of the global water consumption,
• 38% of global land use and release
• 15 - 24% of meat production at present is contributing of total
current greenhouse gas emissions.
• Similarly, lab-grown meat could also prevent the spread of fatal foodborne
infections, such as E. coli & Salmonella, which account for approximately
76 million illnesses and 5,000 deaths each year in the USA.
Tuomisto, H. L., & Teixeira de Mattos, M. J. (2011). Environmental impacts of cultured meat production. Environmental science & technology, 45(14), 6117-6123.
•‫الفكرة‬‫الرئيسة‬‫هو‬‫تشجيع‬‫الخاليا‬‫العض‬‫لية‬
‫على‬‫النمو‬‫لتصبح‬‫غذاء‬،‫آمن‬‫أي‬‫إنتاج‬‫اللحو‬‫م‬
‫بطريقة‬‫عملية‬‫تختلف‬‫تماما‬‫عن‬‫ارع‬‫ز‬‫امل‬
‫التقليدية‬.
‫ر‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬ ‫خ‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ا‬
•‫حيث‬‫أن‬‫ق‬‫الطر‬‫التقليدية‬‫إلنتاج‬‫اللحوم‬
‫والحليب‬‫تستنزف‬‫تقريبا‬:
•70%‫من‬‫االستهالك‬‫العالمي‬‫للمياه‬
•38%‫من‬‫استخدام‬‫ي‬ ‫اض‬‫ر‬‫األ‬‫الصالحة‬
‫اعة‬‫ر‬‫للز‬.
•15-24%‫من‬‫معدل‬‫انبعاث‬‫ات‬‫ز‬‫الغا‬‫التي‬
‫تساهم‬‫في‬‫فع‬‫ر‬‫معدل‬‫االحتباس‬‫ي‬‫الحرار‬
•‫وعليه‬‫فإن‬‫إنتاج‬‫اللحوم‬‫في‬‫املختبر‬‫ت‬‫تغلب‬
‫على‬‫تلك‬‫اإلحصائيات‬‫املخيفة‬‫وتمنع‬‫أيضا‬
‫انتشار‬‫ى‬‫العدو‬‫املرضية‬‫املنقولة‬‫عن‬‫ط‬‫ريق‬
‫اللحوم‬‫مثل‬‫بكتيريا‬‫ن‬‫القولو‬‫والسامل‬‫ونيال‬
‫والتي‬‫تمثالن‬‫حوالي‬76‫ن‬‫مليو‬‫حالة‬‫مرضية‬
‫و‬5000‫حالة‬‫وفاة‬‫سنوية‬‫في‬‫إمريكا‬.
Advantage In Vitro Meat Production System:
• This new way of animal-free meat production may offer health and environmental
advantages by reducing environmental pollution and resource use associated with
current meat production systems.
• Using various bioengineering techniques is a potential solution to reduce the ill
effects of current meat production systems.
• Can dramatically transform traditional animal-based agriculture by inventing
“animal-free” meat and meat products.
• Overcoming of nutrition-related diseases, food-borne illnesses, resource use and
pollution, & use of farm animals are some serious consequences associated with
conventional meat production methods.
• Future, this system is believed to be efficient enough to supply the global demand
for meat.
Make a general comparison between the cultured & real meat. 2
Bhat, Z. F., Kumar, S., & Bhat, H. F. (2017). In vitro meat: A future animal-free harvest. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 57(4), 782-789.
Mironov, V., Trusk, T., Kasyanov, V., Little, S., Swaja, R., & Markwald, R. (2009). Biofabrication: a 21st century manufacturing paradigm. Biofabrication, 1(2), 022001.
‫نة‬‫ر‬‫املقا‬‫العامة‬‫بين‬‫الطريقتين‬:
•‫قد‬‫توفر‬‫هذه‬‫التقنية‬‫املختبرية‬‫في‬‫إنت‬‫اج‬‫لحوم‬
‫خالية‬‫من‬‫األمراض‬‫مع‬‫مزايا‬‫صحية‬‫وبيئية‬‫من‬
‫خالل‬‫تقليل‬‫التلوث‬‫البيئي‬‫واستخدام‬‫امل‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫وا‬
‫املرتبطة‬‫بأنظمة‬‫إنتاج‬‫اللحوم‬‫الحالية‬.
•‫إن‬‫استخدام‬‫التقنية‬‫او‬‫الهندسة‬‫الحيوية‬‫ه‬‫و‬
‫الحل‬‫املحتمل‬‫لتقليل‬‫التأثيرات‬‫السيئة‬‫لنظم‬
‫إنتاج‬‫اللحوم‬‫الحالية‬.
•‫كما‬‫يمكن‬‫ل‬‫التحو‬‫بشكل‬‫كبير‬‫من‬‫اعة‬‫ر‬‫الز‬
‫التقليدية‬‫القائمة‬‫على‬‫تربية‬‫املاشية‬‫من‬‫خالل‬
‫إنتاج‬‫اللحوم‬‫ن‬‫بدو‬‫حيوانات‬.
•‫إن‬‫التغلب‬‫على‬‫األمراض‬‫املرتبطة‬‫بالتغذ‬‫ية‬
‫واألمراض‬‫التي‬‫تنتقل‬‫عبرها‬‫مع‬‫االستخدام‬
‫األمثل‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫للموا‬‫ومنع‬‫التلوث‬‫في‬‫التغلب‬‫ع‬‫لى‬
‫العواقب‬‫الوخيمة‬‫التي‬‫تنتج‬‫من‬‫االستمرار‬‫في‬
‫استخدام‬‫ق‬‫الطر‬‫التقليدية‬‫في‬‫إنتاج‬‫اللح‬‫وم‬.
•‫في‬‫املستقبل‬‫يعتقد‬‫أن‬‫هذه‬‫التقنية‬‫ستك‬‫ن‬‫و‬‫فعالة‬
‫بما‬‫فيه‬‫الكفاية‬‫لتوفير‬‫الطلب‬‫العالمي‬‫على‬‫الل‬‫حوم‬.
In Vitro meat Natural Meat
% Protein
Vitamins & Minerals
% Iron
Myoglobin
Costs
Health Risks
Environmental risk
Manpower
Kadim, I. T., Mahgoub, O., Baqir, S., Faye, B., & Purchas, R. (2015). Cultured meat from muscle stem cells: A review of challenges and
prospects. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 14(2), 222-233.
Comparison between in vitro meat and natural meat. 3
What is the chemical composition of the cultured meat?
1. PBS (phosphate buffered saline) + Antibiotics
• – 10.0 g Sodium chloride, Cat. No. S-5886.14
• – 0.25 g Potassium chloride, Cat. No. P5405.14
• – 1.44 g Sodium phosphate, monobasic, Cat. No. S-5136.14
• – 0.25 g Potassium phosphate, monobasic, Cat. No. P-5655.
• – Distilled water, bring to volume (1 liter), pH to 7.08.
• – Antibiotic-antimycotic mix (Penicillin, 10,000 U/ml; streptomycin, 10 mg/ml; Fungizone, 25 µg/ml), Cat. No. 15140-122,15240-013.
2. PSG (pigskin gelatin)
• – 0.1 g PSG/500 ml distilled water, Cat. No. G-1890.14
3. DMEM (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium) + 10% HS + Antibiotics
• – DMEM, 13.5 g, Cat. No. 12800-017.15
• – 3.7 g Sodium bicarbonate, Cat. No. S5761.14
• – Distilled water, bring to volume (1 liter), pH= 7.08.
• – HS (horse serum)♥♥♥, 100 ml/885 ml DMEM, Cat. No.16050-122.15
• – Penicillin/streptomycin mix, 10 ml/985 ml DMEM + HS, Cat. No. P-0781.14
• – Gentimicin, 5 ml/995 ml DMEM + HS + P/S (penicillin/streptomycin), Cat. No. G-1272.14
4. Protease: type XIV, bacterial
• – 1 mg Pronase /1 ml PBS (phosphate buffered saline), Cat. No. P51470.14
5. Ethanol (70%).
Burton, N. M., Krabbenhoft, L., Bryne, K., & Dodson, M. V. (2000). Methods for animal satellite cell culture under a variety of conditions. Methods in cell science, 22(1), 51-61.
Reagents
What about the quality characteristics of the cultured meat?
• Designer meat: By manipulating the composition of the culture
medium, the flavor and fatty acid composition of the cultured meat
can be influenced.
• Co-culturing with other cell types might further enhance the meat
quality, like co-culturing with fat-producing adipocytes using the
right culture medium can increase the fat content.
• Fat content can also be controlled by supplementation of fats after
production and the ratio of saturated to poly-unsaturated fatty acids
could be better controlled.
• Consumers are more willing to try products that have been altered
to have particular nutritional characteristics.
Burdock, G. A., Carabin, I. G., & Griffiths, J. C. (2006). The importance of GRAS to the functional food and nutraceutical industries. Toxicology, 221(1), 17-27.
‫جودة‬‫وخصائص‬‫اللحوم‬‫املختبرية‬
•‫تصميم‬‫اللحم‬(‫التغيير‬‫في‬‫تركيب‬‫ا‬‫لنسيج‬
‫اللحمي‬‫الناتج‬)‫وهو‬‫عن‬‫طريق‬‫التالعب‬
‫بتركيب‬‫اللحم‬‫في‬‫الوسط‬‫وع‬‫ر‬‫املز‬‫في‬‫ه‬‫وكما‬
‫يمكن‬‫التأثير‬‫على‬‫نسبة‬‫ن‬‫الدهو‬‫واألح‬‫ماض‬
‫الدهنية‬‫فيه‬.
•‫وقد‬‫يؤدي‬‫االستزراع‬‫املشترك‬‫مع‬‫أنواع‬
‫مختلفة‬‫من‬‫الخاليا‬‫إلى‬‫تعزيز‬‫جودة‬‫الل‬‫حوم‬
‫كاستزراع‬‫الخاليا‬‫الدهنية‬‫والذي‬‫سيؤد‬‫ي‬
‫إلى‬‫فع‬‫ر‬‫نسبة‬‫الدهن‬‫في‬‫النسيج‬‫النا‬‫تج‬.
•‫كما‬‫يمكن‬‫التحكم‬‫في‬‫ى‬‫محتو‬‫ن‬‫الدهو‬‫ع‬‫ن‬
‫طريق‬‫إضافة‬‫ن‬‫الدهو‬‫للناتج‬‫من‬‫اللحم‬‫ب‬‫عد‬
‫اإلنتاج‬‫والتحكم‬‫بكمية‬‫ونسبة‬‫األحم‬‫اض‬
‫الدهنية‬‫املشبعة‬‫فيه‬.
•‫ن‬‫فاملستهلكو‬‫أكثر‬‫استعدادا‬‫لتجرب‬‫ة‬‫املنتجات‬
‫التي‬‫تم‬‫تغيير‬‫خصائصها‬‫بشكل‬‫معين‬.
What about the quality characteristics of the cultured meat?
• As laboratory produced meat does not come from a living animal,
it therefore significantly minimizes the religious taboos like
Jhatka, Halal etc.
• The incidence of food borne disease could be significantly
reduced.
• The risks of exposure to pesticides, arsenic, dioxins, and hormones
associated with conventional meat could be significantly reduced.
• Cells from captive rare or endangered animals could be used to
produce exotic meats in cultures and the preservation of those.
Bhat, Z. F., & Fayaz, H. (2011). Prospectus of cultured meat—advancing meat alternatives. Journal of food science and technology, 48(2), 125-140.
‫خصائص‬‫وجودة‬‫اللحوم‬‫املختبرية‬
•‫وبما‬‫أن‬‫اللحم‬‫املنتج‬‫مختبريا‬‫ال‬‫ي‬‫أتي‬‫من‬
‫حيوان‬‫حي‬‫فإنه‬‫يقلل‬‫إلى‬‫حد‬‫كبير‬‫من‬
‫ات‬‫ر‬‫املحظو‬‫الدينية‬‫مثل‬‫جاتكا‬‫الهندو‬‫سية‬
‫واألغذية‬‫الحالل‬‫اإلسالمية‬‫والكوشير‬
‫اليهودية‬.
•‫كما‬‫يمكن‬‫الحد‬‫من‬‫انتشار‬‫األمراض‬‫ال‬‫تي‬
‫تنتقل‬‫عن‬‫طريق‬‫الغذاء‬‫بشكل‬‫كبير‬.
•‫والتقليل‬‫من‬‫مخاطر‬‫املبيدات‬‫الحشر‬‫ية‬
‫نيخ‬‫ر‬‫كالز‬‫والدوكسين‬‫وكذلك‬‫الهرمون‬‫ات‬
‫املرتبطة‬‫باللحوم‬‫التقليدية‬‫بشك‬‫ل‬‫كبير‬.
•‫كما‬‫يمكن‬‫استخدام‬‫الخاليا‬‫من‬
‫الحيوانات‬‫ة‬‫ر‬‫الناد‬‫واملهددة‬‫باالنقراض‬‫في‬
‫إنتاج‬‫بعض‬‫اللحوم‬‫الغريبة‬‫واملرغوب‬‫ة‬‫من‬
‫فئات‬‫معينة‬‫في‬‫بعض‬‫املجتمعات‬‫مع‬
‫الحفاظ‬‫على‬‫تلك‬‫الحيوانات‬.
What about the quality characteristics of the cultured meat?
• Disposal of additional members biological structures:
(these include bones, respiratory system, digestive system, skin, &
the nervous system etc.).
• Reduces the amount of nutrients and energy needed for growth and
maintenance of muscle tissue.
• Unlike farm animals: bioreactors for in vitro meat production do
not need extra space and can be stacked up in a fabric hall.
• Useful for astronauts. a controlled ecological life support system
(celss) would not only provide fresh food to the astronauts, but also
deal with waste, and provide oxygen & water.
Bhat, Z. F., & Fayaz, H. (2011). Prospectus of cultured meat—advancing meat alternatives. Journal of food science and technology, 48(2), 125-140.
‫خصائص‬‫وجودة‬‫اللحوم‬‫املختبرية‬
•‫إن‬‫التخلص‬‫من‬‫األعضاء‬‫والتراكيب‬
‫ى‬‫األخر‬‫املصاحبة‬‫للحوم‬‫التقليدية‬‫و‬‫التي‬
‫تشمل‬(،‫العظام‬‫الجهاز‬،‫ي‬ ‫التنفس‬‫الج‬‫هاز‬
،‫الهضمي‬‫الجهاز‬‫العصبي‬‫والجلد‬‫إلخ‬)‫فإنه‬
‫يقلل‬‫من‬‫كمية‬‫العناصر‬‫الغذائية‬‫والط‬‫اقة‬
‫املطلوبة‬‫مة‬‫ز‬‫والال‬‫لعملية‬‫النمو‬‫والت‬‫كاثر‬
‫لألنسجة‬‫العضلية‬.
•‫وعلى‬‫عكس‬‫ما‬‫يحدث‬‫عند‬‫تربية‬
‫الحيوانات‬‫التقليدية‬‫عية‬‫ر‬‫املز‬‫فتقن‬‫ية‬
‫إنتاج‬‫اللحوم‬‫ال‬‫تحتاج‬‫إلى‬‫مساحات‬‫ك‬‫بيرة‬.
•‫هذه‬‫التقنية‬(‫إنتاج‬‫اللحوم‬‫مختبري‬‫ا‬)
‫مفيدة‬‫اد‬‫و‬‫لر‬‫الفضاء‬‫ألنه‬‫سوف‬‫يوفر‬‫ل‬‫هم‬
‫حياة‬‫بيئية‬‫خاضعة‬‫للسيطرة‬‫وغذاء‬‫ط‬‫ازج‬
‫بل‬‫ومن‬‫السهل‬‫التعامل‬‫مع‬‫املخلفات‬
‫الناتجة‬‫وتوفير‬‫لألوكسجين‬‫واملاء‬.
Is it feasible to produce cultured meat compared to real one.?
• The analysis from American universities concluded a
large-scale switch to lab-grown meat would come with
environmental trade-offs; one concern is the:
• 1- Amount of heat,
• 2- Electricity required to produce cultured meat on a massive
scale, and
• 3- In the short term, difficult to apply this technique (cultured
meat), Widely due to their high cost. But perhaps in the future, it
will be better, if materials & requirements are used, in a cheaper way.
Mattick, C. S., Landis, A. E., Allenby, B. R., & Genovese, N. J. (2015). Anticipatory life cycle analysis of in vitro biomass cultivation for cultured meat production in the
United States. Environmental science & technology, 49(19), 11941-11949.
‫إمكانية‬‫إنتاج‬‫لحوم‬‫مختبريا‬
•‫ي‬‫أجر‬‫تحليال‬‫في‬‫إمريكا‬‫ل‬‫حو‬‫ما‬‫إذا‬‫تم‬
‫ل‬‫التحو‬‫من‬‫النظام‬‫التقليدي‬‫إلى‬‫ال‬‫نظام‬
‫ي‬‫املختبر‬‫فقد‬‫خلص‬‫إلى‬‫مخاطر‬‫ونت‬‫ائج‬
‫بيئية‬‫م‬‫قلقة‬‫وهي‬:
•‫مقدار‬‫وكمية‬‫ة‬‫ر‬‫الحرا‬‫الناتجة‬
•‫الكهرباء‬‫مة‬‫ز‬‫الال‬‫إلنتاج‬‫اللحوم‬‫امل‬‫نتجة‬
‫مختبريا‬‫على‬‫نطاق‬‫واسع‬
•‫وكذلك‬‫على‬‫املدى‬‫القصير‬‫من‬‫الص‬‫عب‬
‫تطبيق‬‫هذه‬‫التقنية‬(‫استزراع‬‫الل‬‫حوم‬)
‫على‬‫نطاق‬‫واسع‬‫بسبب‬‫تكلفتها‬‫ا‬،‫لعالية‬
•‫ولكن‬‫في‬‫املستقبل‬‫ن‬‫ستكو‬‫طري‬‫قة‬
‫مفضلة‬‫إذا‬‫تم‬‫توفير‬‫املواد‬‫املست‬‫خدمة‬
‫واملتطلبات‬‫بطريقة‬‫خص‬‫ر‬‫أ‬.
What are the main constrains facing producing cultured meat?
Bhat, Z. F., Kumar, S., & F, H. (2015). In vitro meat production: Challenges and benefits over conventional meat production. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 14(2), 241-248.
‫قد‬‫ن‬‫يكو‬‫من‬‫الصعب‬‫منافسة‬‫اللحوم‬‫التقلي‬‫دية‬
‫ن‬‫كاللو‬‫واملظهر‬‫والشكل‬‫للحم‬‫في‬‫املختبر‬.
‫سينفر‬‫الناس‬‫من‬‫ياف‬‫ر‬‫األ‬(‫الطبيعة‬)‫وستش‬‫جع‬
‫على‬‫الهجرة‬‫للمدن‬‫وستقل‬‫مساحات‬‫استخدام‬
‫ي‬ ‫اض‬‫ر‬‫األ‬‫وغياب‬‫تربية‬‫ي‬ ‫املواش‬...!‫؟؟؟‬
Sensorial
characteristics
Alienation to
nature
Social
acceptance
Cost of production
and economic
distortances
‫ر‬‫شعو‬‫املستهلكين‬‫بالقلق‬‫والتخوف‬‫من‬‫ه‬‫ذه‬
‫اللحوم‬‫ر‬‫والنفو‬‫من‬‫اللحوم‬،‫املختبرية‬‫حيث‬
‫يعتبرونها‬‫لحوم‬‫صناعية‬‫وليست‬‫حقيقة‬.
‫إن‬‫التكلفة‬‫الباهظة‬‫هي‬‫العقبة‬‫الرئيسي‬‫ة‬‫كما‬
‫أنها‬‫ستؤثر‬‫مستقبال‬‫إن‬‫نجحت‬‫على‬‫اقتص‬‫اديات‬
‫ل‬‫دو‬‫املعتمدة‬‫في‬‫دخلها‬‫على‬‫تربية‬‫املاشي‬،‫ة‬‫وعلى‬
‫ي‬‫مستو‬‫املربيين‬‫وبالتالي‬‫على‬‫العمالة‬‫و‬‫الدخل‬
‫وعلى‬‫وسائل‬‫النقل‬..‫إلخ‬
constrains
constrains
What do you think about this type of production & how can you
see the future of such a product? (1)
‫ومن‬‫أهم‬‫التحديات‬‫التي‬‫تواجه‬‫هذه‬‫اآللية‬‫أو‬‫التقنية‬‫أو‬‫الهندسة‬‫النسيجية‬‫تتمثل‬‫باآلتي‬:
•‫صعوبة‬‫ل‬‫الحصو‬‫على‬‫خاليا‬‫البدء‬‫او‬‫الخاليا‬‫التأسيسية‬
•‫صعوبة‬‫ل‬‫الحصو‬‫على‬‫بيئات‬‫النمو‬‫او‬‫أوساط‬‫االستزراع‬‫بشكل‬‫كبير‬‫لتكلفتها‬‫العالية‬‫في‬‫الوقت‬‫اهن‬‫ر‬‫ال‬
•‫تفضيالت‬‫املستهلكين‬‫وتخوفهم‬‫واالنتفال‬‫من‬‫الغذية‬‫املألوفة‬‫التقليدية‬‫إلى‬‫الصناع‬‫ية‬
•‫اختالف‬‫الطعم‬‫واملكونات‬‫ونسبتها‬‫في‬‫اإلنسجة‬‫خلقة‬
ُ
‫امل‬‫واإلضافات‬‫املطلوبة‬‫لتحاكي‬‫ال‬‫لحوم‬‫الطبيعية‬
What do you think about this type of production & how can you
see the future of such a product? (2)
‫من‬‫وجهة‬‫ي‬‫نظر‬‫ومن‬‫خالل‬‫اطالعي‬‫أجد‬‫أنه‬‫من‬‫الصعوبة‬‫تطبيق‬‫هذه‬‫التقنية‬‫على‬‫املدي‬‫القريب‬‫لك‬‫ن‬‫في‬
‫املستقبل‬‫ومع‬‫هذا‬‫ر‬‫التطو‬‫الهائل‬‫واملتسارع‬‫ى‬‫أر‬‫أنها‬‫ستصبح‬‫صناعة‬‫ئيسية‬‫ر‬‫في‬‫ظل‬‫التقدم‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫توفير‬‫متطلباتها‬
‫املخبرية‬‫وفي‬‫ظل‬‫البحث‬‫عن‬‫الغذية‬‫الصحية‬،‫والسريعة‬‫عالية‬‫ي‬‫املحتو‬‫من‬‫البروتين‬.‫اما‬‫بالنس‬‫بة‬‫لتفضيالت‬
‫املستهلكين‬‫ستتغير‬‫قناعاتهم‬‫مع‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫مر‬‫الوقت‬‫وتصبح‬‫وجبة‬‫ئيسية‬‫ر‬‫ن‬‫ومكو‬‫ي‬ ‫أساس‬‫في‬‫تغذي‬‫ة‬‫اإلنسان‬‫ملا‬‫لها‬‫من‬
‫فوائد‬‫في‬‫التغلب‬‫على‬‫اض‬‫ر‬‫االم‬‫ومسبباتها‬‫والتغلب‬‫على‬‫املشاكل‬‫البيئية‬‫وفي‬‫توجيه‬‫ر‬‫القد‬‫ات‬‫ى‬‫والقو‬‫البشرية‬
‫نحو‬‫إنتاج‬‫أفضل‬،‫وأدق‬‫ولكنها‬‫ن‬‫ستكو‬‫كلفة‬ ُ‫م‬‫في‬‫بداية‬‫المر‬‫على‬‫إنتاجها‬‫وعلى‬‫مقومات‬‫الحياة‬‫املرتبطة‬
‫اعة‬‫ر‬‫بالز‬‫وتربية‬،‫املاشية‬‫عموما‬‫بما‬‫ر‬‫ى‬‫نر‬‫في‬‫املستقبل‬‫القريب‬‫لحوم‬‫مصنعة‬..‫ولم‬‫ال‬...!
Summary
‫ترتبط‬‫ق‬‫طر‬‫إنتاج‬‫اللحوم‬‫الحالية‬‫التقليدية‬‫بالعديد‬‫من‬‫املشاكل‬‫مثل‬‫عاية‬‫ر‬،‫الحيوانات‬‫تفاع‬‫ر‬‫وا‬‫املخاطر‬‫املرضية‬‫الحيوانية‬
،‫املعدية‬‫اض‬‫ر‬‫والم‬‫املرتبطة‬‫بالغذاء‬،‫واستخدام‬،‫د‬‫ر‬‫املوا‬‫وعوامل‬،‫التعرية‬‫اف‬‫ز‬‫واستن‬،‫املياه‬‫والحفاظ‬‫على‬‫ال‬‫تنوع‬،‫البيولوجي‬
‫ومخاطر‬‫التلوث‬‫البيئي‬،‫املختلفة‬‫فإن‬‫إنتاج‬‫اللحوم‬‫في‬‫املختبر‬‫ن‬‫ستكو‬‫الحل‬‫وتحمل‬‫ا‬‫وعود‬‫كبيرة‬‫كب‬‫ديل‬‫ولكن‬‫بشرط‬‫أن‬‫يتم‬
‫التغلب‬‫على‬‫تخوف‬‫ر‬‫ونفو‬‫املستهلكين‬.‫وفي‬‫ظل‬‫الطلب‬‫ايد‬‫ز‬‫املت‬‫على‬‫اللحوم‬‫ة‬‫ر‬‫وند‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫املوا‬‫املتاحة‬‫إلنتاج‬‫ه‬‫ق‬‫بالطر‬‫الحالية‬
‫يتطلبان‬‫أيضا‬‫نظام‬‫إنتاج‬‫جديد‬‫ومستدام‬‫ومفيد‬‫بيئيا‬.‫ويتمتع‬‫إنتاج‬‫اللحوم‬‫في‬‫املختبر‬‫بالعديد‬‫من‬‫الفوائد‬‫الصحية‬
،‫والبيئية‬‫ومن‬‫املتوقع‬‫أن‬‫ن‬‫يكو‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫مصد‬‫ستداما‬ ُ‫م‬‫للحوم‬‫اآلمنة‬‫من‬‫الناحيتين‬‫الكيميائية‬‫بيول‬‫و‬‫واملكر‬‫وجية‬.‫وهناك‬‫الحاجة‬
‫للمزيد‬‫من‬‫البحوث‬‫اسات‬‫ر‬‫والد‬‫في‬‫سبيل‬‫توفير‬‫البنية‬‫الساسية‬‫حتى‬‫يصبح‬‫نظاما‬‫قابال‬‫للتطبيق‬‫ت‬‫يا‬‫ر‬‫جا‬‫ومع‬‫تخفيض‬
،‫التكاليف‬‫وبالتالي‬‫سيؤدي‬‫إلى‬‫خلق‬‫منتج‬‫ينافس‬‫بشكل‬‫نوعي‬‫وعملي‬‫م‬‫نتجات‬‫اللحوم‬‫القائمة‬‫حاليا‬.
‫العام‬ ‫المخلص‬
Thank you for your attention!

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Cultured meat (in vitro meat) ppt

  • 1. Cultured Meat (In Vitro Meat) Cultured meat: Lab-grown meat comes in many other names; cultured meat, in vitro meat, synthetic meat, and is made by growing muscle cells in a nutrient serum and encouraging them into muscle-like fibres. By: Faisal A. Alshamiry Advisor: Prof. Gamaleldin Suliman 2018 Victimless meat Hydroponic meat Test-tube In-vitro meat Cultured meat Shmeat Victimless meat Hydroponic meat Test-tube In-vitro meat Cultured meat Shmeat
  • 2. ‫العالم‬ ‫في‬ ‫اللحوم‬ ‫حول‬ ‫حقائق‬ •‫عام‬2010،‫كان‬‫اإلنتاج‬‫العالمي‬‫للحوم‬283‫ن‬‫مليو‬‫طن‬ •‫تربية‬‫املاشية‬‫ك‬‫ر‬‫تشا‬‫بنسبة‬15-20%‫من‬‫انبعاثات‬‫ثاني‬‫أكسيد‬‫ن‬‫الكربو‬‫أي‬‫ما‬‫يعادل‬‫من‬‫اإلجما‬‫لي‬ ‫العام‬‫لكمية‬‫ات‬‫ز‬‫غا‬‫العوادم‬‫لكل‬‫ات‬‫ر‬‫السيا‬‫ات‬‫ر‬‫والقطا‬‫والبواخر‬‫ات‬‫ر‬‫والطائ‬‫على‬‫كوكب‬‫ال‬‫ض‬‫ر‬. •‫أعلى‬‫معدل‬‫استهالك‬‫للحم‬‫في‬‫العالم‬‫يبلغ‬‫كمتوسط‬250‫جم‬‫يوميا‬/91.250‫كجم‬‫سنويا‬‫للفرد‬‫في‬‫إمريكا‬/2014 •‫أقل‬‫معدل‬‫استهالك‬‫اللحم‬‫في‬‫العالم‬‫يبلغ‬‫كمتوسط‬010‫جم‬‫يوميا‬/3.650‫كجم‬‫سنويا‬‫للفرد‬‫في‬‫ـهند‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ل‬‫ا‬/2014 •‫ى‬‫مستو‬‫الرفاهية‬‫في‬‫البلدان‬‫النامية‬‫افقه‬‫ر‬‫سي‬‫يادة‬‫ز‬‫استهالك‬‫اللحم‬‫في‬‫العالم‬‫بن‬‫سبة‬70%. •‫بالتالي‬‫نحتاج‬‫لتوفير‬‫تلك‬‫الكميات‬‫ملواجهة‬‫الطلب‬‫العالمي‬‫ايد‬‫ز‬‫املت‬‫للحوم‬.‫لذا‬‫بما‬‫ر‬‫ومن‬‫املم‬‫كن‬‫أن‬‫استخدام‬ ‫تقنية‬‫استزراع‬‫اللحوم‬‫مختبريا‬‫قد‬‫ن‬‫تكو‬‫طريقة‬‫ناجعة‬‫وحل‬‫عملي‬‫على‬‫املدي‬‫البعيد‬.
  • 3. 1) What is the cultured meat? 2) Make a general comparison between the cultured and real meat. 3) What is the chemical composition of the cultured meat? 4) What about the quality characteristics of the cultured meat? 5) Is it feasible to produce cultured meat compared to real one? 6) What are the main constrains facing producing cultured meat? 7) What do you think about this type of production & how can you see the future of such a product? Contents:-
  • 4. What is the cultured meat? • In-Vitro meat is the (idea of) manufacturing of meat products through "tissue-engineering" technology. • In vitro meat, is an animal flesh product that has never been part of a developed, living animal. • The idea: To produce animal meat, but without using an animal. • Starting cells (stem cells) are taken painlessly from live animals, they are put into a culture media where they start to proliferate and grow, independently from the animal. • This process would be efficient enough to supply the global demand for meat. • All this would happen without any genetic manipulation, without the need to interfere with the cells’ genetic sequences. •‫اللحوم‬‫في‬‫املختبر‬.. •‫فكرتها‬‫هي‬‫تصنيع‬‫منتجات‬‫اللحم‬‫من‬ ‫خالل‬‫تقنية‬‫تسمى‬(‫هندسة‬‫األنسج‬‫ة‬) ‫في‬‫املختبر‬. •‫وهو‬‫منتج‬‫حيواني‬‫ولكنه‬‫ليس‬‫من‬ ‫الحيوان‬. •‫وطرح‬‫أخر‬‫ل‬‫يقو‬:‫هو‬‫إنتاج‬‫لحوم‬ ‫حيوانات‬‫ن‬‫بدو‬‫حيوانات‬. •‫حيث‬‫تؤخذ‬‫الخلية‬‫البدائية‬‫الجذعي‬‫ة‬ ‫ن‬‫دو‬‫تأثير‬‫وألم‬‫على‬‫الحيوان‬‫غالبا‬‫من‬ ‫منطقة‬‫الرقبة‬‫وتوضع‬‫في‬‫بيئة‬‫لت‬‫بدأ‬‫في‬ ‫النمو‬‫والتكاثر‬‫بشكل‬‫مستقل‬‫عن‬ ‫الحيوان‬. •‫ن‬‫ستكو‬‫هذه‬‫العملية‬‫فعالة‬‫بما‬‫في‬‫ه‬ ‫الكفاية‬‫لتوفير‬‫الطلب‬‫العالمي‬‫ا‬‫ايد‬‫ز‬‫ملت‬ ‫على‬‫اللحوم‬. •‫كل‬‫ذلك‬‫سيحدث‬‫ن‬‫دو‬‫أي‬‫تالعب‬ ‫بالجينات‬‫ن‬‫ودو‬‫الحاجة‬‫إلى‬‫التدخل‬‫ف‬‫ي‬ ‫التسلسل‬‫الجيني‬‫للخاليا‬.
  • 5. Make a general comparison between the cultured & real meat.1 • The basic idea is to encourage muscle cells to grow into a foodstuf & produce meat in a way totally unlike how it is done on farms. The disadvantages of traditional meat production • Current meat and dairy production methods utilize approximately: • 70% of the global water consumption, • 38% of global land use and release • 15 - 24% of meat production at present is contributing of total current greenhouse gas emissions. • Similarly, lab-grown meat could also prevent the spread of fatal foodborne infections, such as E. coli & Salmonella, which account for approximately 76 million illnesses and 5,000 deaths each year in the USA. Tuomisto, H. L., & Teixeira de Mattos, M. J. (2011). Environmental impacts of cultured meat production. Environmental science & technology, 45(14), 6117-6123. •‫الفكرة‬‫الرئيسة‬‫هو‬‫تشجيع‬‫الخاليا‬‫العض‬‫لية‬ ‫على‬‫النمو‬‫لتصبح‬‫غذاء‬،‫آمن‬‫أي‬‫إنتاج‬‫اللحو‬‫م‬ ‫بطريقة‬‫عملية‬‫تختلف‬‫تماما‬‫عن‬‫ارع‬‫ز‬‫امل‬ ‫التقليدية‬. ‫ر‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬ ‫خ‬ ‫مل‬ ‫ا‬ •‫حيث‬‫أن‬‫ق‬‫الطر‬‫التقليدية‬‫إلنتاج‬‫اللحوم‬ ‫والحليب‬‫تستنزف‬‫تقريبا‬: •70%‫من‬‫االستهالك‬‫العالمي‬‫للمياه‬ •38%‫من‬‫استخدام‬‫ي‬ ‫اض‬‫ر‬‫األ‬‫الصالحة‬ ‫اعة‬‫ر‬‫للز‬. •15-24%‫من‬‫معدل‬‫انبعاث‬‫ات‬‫ز‬‫الغا‬‫التي‬ ‫تساهم‬‫في‬‫فع‬‫ر‬‫معدل‬‫االحتباس‬‫ي‬‫الحرار‬ •‫وعليه‬‫فإن‬‫إنتاج‬‫اللحوم‬‫في‬‫املختبر‬‫ت‬‫تغلب‬ ‫على‬‫تلك‬‫اإلحصائيات‬‫املخيفة‬‫وتمنع‬‫أيضا‬ ‫انتشار‬‫ى‬‫العدو‬‫املرضية‬‫املنقولة‬‫عن‬‫ط‬‫ريق‬ ‫اللحوم‬‫مثل‬‫بكتيريا‬‫ن‬‫القولو‬‫والسامل‬‫ونيال‬ ‫والتي‬‫تمثالن‬‫حوالي‬76‫ن‬‫مليو‬‫حالة‬‫مرضية‬ ‫و‬5000‫حالة‬‫وفاة‬‫سنوية‬‫في‬‫إمريكا‬.
  • 6. Advantage In Vitro Meat Production System: • This new way of animal-free meat production may offer health and environmental advantages by reducing environmental pollution and resource use associated with current meat production systems. • Using various bioengineering techniques is a potential solution to reduce the ill effects of current meat production systems. • Can dramatically transform traditional animal-based agriculture by inventing “animal-free” meat and meat products. • Overcoming of nutrition-related diseases, food-borne illnesses, resource use and pollution, & use of farm animals are some serious consequences associated with conventional meat production methods. • Future, this system is believed to be efficient enough to supply the global demand for meat. Make a general comparison between the cultured & real meat. 2 Bhat, Z. F., Kumar, S., & Bhat, H. F. (2017). In vitro meat: A future animal-free harvest. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 57(4), 782-789. Mironov, V., Trusk, T., Kasyanov, V., Little, S., Swaja, R., & Markwald, R. (2009). Biofabrication: a 21st century manufacturing paradigm. Biofabrication, 1(2), 022001. ‫نة‬‫ر‬‫املقا‬‫العامة‬‫بين‬‫الطريقتين‬: •‫قد‬‫توفر‬‫هذه‬‫التقنية‬‫املختبرية‬‫في‬‫إنت‬‫اج‬‫لحوم‬ ‫خالية‬‫من‬‫األمراض‬‫مع‬‫مزايا‬‫صحية‬‫وبيئية‬‫من‬ ‫خالل‬‫تقليل‬‫التلوث‬‫البيئي‬‫واستخدام‬‫امل‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫وا‬ ‫املرتبطة‬‫بأنظمة‬‫إنتاج‬‫اللحوم‬‫الحالية‬. •‫إن‬‫استخدام‬‫التقنية‬‫او‬‫الهندسة‬‫الحيوية‬‫ه‬‫و‬ ‫الحل‬‫املحتمل‬‫لتقليل‬‫التأثيرات‬‫السيئة‬‫لنظم‬ ‫إنتاج‬‫اللحوم‬‫الحالية‬. •‫كما‬‫يمكن‬‫ل‬‫التحو‬‫بشكل‬‫كبير‬‫من‬‫اعة‬‫ر‬‫الز‬ ‫التقليدية‬‫القائمة‬‫على‬‫تربية‬‫املاشية‬‫من‬‫خالل‬ ‫إنتاج‬‫اللحوم‬‫ن‬‫بدو‬‫حيوانات‬. •‫إن‬‫التغلب‬‫على‬‫األمراض‬‫املرتبطة‬‫بالتغذ‬‫ية‬ ‫واألمراض‬‫التي‬‫تنتقل‬‫عبرها‬‫مع‬‫االستخدام‬ ‫األمثل‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫للموا‬‫ومنع‬‫التلوث‬‫في‬‫التغلب‬‫ع‬‫لى‬ ‫العواقب‬‫الوخيمة‬‫التي‬‫تنتج‬‫من‬‫االستمرار‬‫في‬ ‫استخدام‬‫ق‬‫الطر‬‫التقليدية‬‫في‬‫إنتاج‬‫اللح‬‫وم‬. •‫في‬‫املستقبل‬‫يعتقد‬‫أن‬‫هذه‬‫التقنية‬‫ستك‬‫ن‬‫و‬‫فعالة‬ ‫بما‬‫فيه‬‫الكفاية‬‫لتوفير‬‫الطلب‬‫العالمي‬‫على‬‫الل‬‫حوم‬.
  • 7. In Vitro meat Natural Meat % Protein Vitamins & Minerals % Iron Myoglobin Costs Health Risks Environmental risk Manpower Kadim, I. T., Mahgoub, O., Baqir, S., Faye, B., & Purchas, R. (2015). Cultured meat from muscle stem cells: A review of challenges and prospects. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 14(2), 222-233. Comparison between in vitro meat and natural meat. 3
  • 8. What is the chemical composition of the cultured meat? 1. PBS (phosphate buffered saline) + Antibiotics • – 10.0 g Sodium chloride, Cat. No. S-5886.14 • – 0.25 g Potassium chloride, Cat. No. P5405.14 • – 1.44 g Sodium phosphate, monobasic, Cat. No. S-5136.14 • – 0.25 g Potassium phosphate, monobasic, Cat. No. P-5655. • – Distilled water, bring to volume (1 liter), pH to 7.08. • – Antibiotic-antimycotic mix (Penicillin, 10,000 U/ml; streptomycin, 10 mg/ml; Fungizone, 25 µg/ml), Cat. No. 15140-122,15240-013. 2. PSG (pigskin gelatin) • – 0.1 g PSG/500 ml distilled water, Cat. No. G-1890.14 3. DMEM (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium) + 10% HS + Antibiotics • – DMEM, 13.5 g, Cat. No. 12800-017.15 • – 3.7 g Sodium bicarbonate, Cat. No. S5761.14 • – Distilled water, bring to volume (1 liter), pH= 7.08. • – HS (horse serum)♥♥♥, 100 ml/885 ml DMEM, Cat. No.16050-122.15 • – Penicillin/streptomycin mix, 10 ml/985 ml DMEM + HS, Cat. No. P-0781.14 • – Gentimicin, 5 ml/995 ml DMEM + HS + P/S (penicillin/streptomycin), Cat. No. G-1272.14 4. Protease: type XIV, bacterial • – 1 mg Pronase /1 ml PBS (phosphate buffered saline), Cat. No. P51470.14 5. Ethanol (70%). Burton, N. M., Krabbenhoft, L., Bryne, K., & Dodson, M. V. (2000). Methods for animal satellite cell culture under a variety of conditions. Methods in cell science, 22(1), 51-61. Reagents
  • 9. What about the quality characteristics of the cultured meat? • Designer meat: By manipulating the composition of the culture medium, the flavor and fatty acid composition of the cultured meat can be influenced. • Co-culturing with other cell types might further enhance the meat quality, like co-culturing with fat-producing adipocytes using the right culture medium can increase the fat content. • Fat content can also be controlled by supplementation of fats after production and the ratio of saturated to poly-unsaturated fatty acids could be better controlled. • Consumers are more willing to try products that have been altered to have particular nutritional characteristics. Burdock, G. A., Carabin, I. G., & Griffiths, J. C. (2006). The importance of GRAS to the functional food and nutraceutical industries. Toxicology, 221(1), 17-27. ‫جودة‬‫وخصائص‬‫اللحوم‬‫املختبرية‬ •‫تصميم‬‫اللحم‬(‫التغيير‬‫في‬‫تركيب‬‫ا‬‫لنسيج‬ ‫اللحمي‬‫الناتج‬)‫وهو‬‫عن‬‫طريق‬‫التالعب‬ ‫بتركيب‬‫اللحم‬‫في‬‫الوسط‬‫وع‬‫ر‬‫املز‬‫في‬‫ه‬‫وكما‬ ‫يمكن‬‫التأثير‬‫على‬‫نسبة‬‫ن‬‫الدهو‬‫واألح‬‫ماض‬ ‫الدهنية‬‫فيه‬. •‫وقد‬‫يؤدي‬‫االستزراع‬‫املشترك‬‫مع‬‫أنواع‬ ‫مختلفة‬‫من‬‫الخاليا‬‫إلى‬‫تعزيز‬‫جودة‬‫الل‬‫حوم‬ ‫كاستزراع‬‫الخاليا‬‫الدهنية‬‫والذي‬‫سيؤد‬‫ي‬ ‫إلى‬‫فع‬‫ر‬‫نسبة‬‫الدهن‬‫في‬‫النسيج‬‫النا‬‫تج‬. •‫كما‬‫يمكن‬‫التحكم‬‫في‬‫ى‬‫محتو‬‫ن‬‫الدهو‬‫ع‬‫ن‬ ‫طريق‬‫إضافة‬‫ن‬‫الدهو‬‫للناتج‬‫من‬‫اللحم‬‫ب‬‫عد‬ ‫اإلنتاج‬‫والتحكم‬‫بكمية‬‫ونسبة‬‫األحم‬‫اض‬ ‫الدهنية‬‫املشبعة‬‫فيه‬. •‫ن‬‫فاملستهلكو‬‫أكثر‬‫استعدادا‬‫لتجرب‬‫ة‬‫املنتجات‬ ‫التي‬‫تم‬‫تغيير‬‫خصائصها‬‫بشكل‬‫معين‬.
  • 10. What about the quality characteristics of the cultured meat? • As laboratory produced meat does not come from a living animal, it therefore significantly minimizes the religious taboos like Jhatka, Halal etc. • The incidence of food borne disease could be significantly reduced. • The risks of exposure to pesticides, arsenic, dioxins, and hormones associated with conventional meat could be significantly reduced. • Cells from captive rare or endangered animals could be used to produce exotic meats in cultures and the preservation of those. Bhat, Z. F., & Fayaz, H. (2011). Prospectus of cultured meat—advancing meat alternatives. Journal of food science and technology, 48(2), 125-140. ‫خصائص‬‫وجودة‬‫اللحوم‬‫املختبرية‬ •‫وبما‬‫أن‬‫اللحم‬‫املنتج‬‫مختبريا‬‫ال‬‫ي‬‫أتي‬‫من‬ ‫حيوان‬‫حي‬‫فإنه‬‫يقلل‬‫إلى‬‫حد‬‫كبير‬‫من‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫املحظو‬‫الدينية‬‫مثل‬‫جاتكا‬‫الهندو‬‫سية‬ ‫واألغذية‬‫الحالل‬‫اإلسالمية‬‫والكوشير‬ ‫اليهودية‬. •‫كما‬‫يمكن‬‫الحد‬‫من‬‫انتشار‬‫األمراض‬‫ال‬‫تي‬ ‫تنتقل‬‫عن‬‫طريق‬‫الغذاء‬‫بشكل‬‫كبير‬. •‫والتقليل‬‫من‬‫مخاطر‬‫املبيدات‬‫الحشر‬‫ية‬ ‫نيخ‬‫ر‬‫كالز‬‫والدوكسين‬‫وكذلك‬‫الهرمون‬‫ات‬ ‫املرتبطة‬‫باللحوم‬‫التقليدية‬‫بشك‬‫ل‬‫كبير‬. •‫كما‬‫يمكن‬‫استخدام‬‫الخاليا‬‫من‬ ‫الحيوانات‬‫ة‬‫ر‬‫الناد‬‫واملهددة‬‫باالنقراض‬‫في‬ ‫إنتاج‬‫بعض‬‫اللحوم‬‫الغريبة‬‫واملرغوب‬‫ة‬‫من‬ ‫فئات‬‫معينة‬‫في‬‫بعض‬‫املجتمعات‬‫مع‬ ‫الحفاظ‬‫على‬‫تلك‬‫الحيوانات‬.
  • 11. What about the quality characteristics of the cultured meat? • Disposal of additional members biological structures: (these include bones, respiratory system, digestive system, skin, & the nervous system etc.). • Reduces the amount of nutrients and energy needed for growth and maintenance of muscle tissue. • Unlike farm animals: bioreactors for in vitro meat production do not need extra space and can be stacked up in a fabric hall. • Useful for astronauts. a controlled ecological life support system (celss) would not only provide fresh food to the astronauts, but also deal with waste, and provide oxygen & water. Bhat, Z. F., & Fayaz, H. (2011). Prospectus of cultured meat—advancing meat alternatives. Journal of food science and technology, 48(2), 125-140. ‫خصائص‬‫وجودة‬‫اللحوم‬‫املختبرية‬ •‫إن‬‫التخلص‬‫من‬‫األعضاء‬‫والتراكيب‬ ‫ى‬‫األخر‬‫املصاحبة‬‫للحوم‬‫التقليدية‬‫و‬‫التي‬ ‫تشمل‬(،‫العظام‬‫الجهاز‬،‫ي‬ ‫التنفس‬‫الج‬‫هاز‬ ،‫الهضمي‬‫الجهاز‬‫العصبي‬‫والجلد‬‫إلخ‬)‫فإنه‬ ‫يقلل‬‫من‬‫كمية‬‫العناصر‬‫الغذائية‬‫والط‬‫اقة‬ ‫املطلوبة‬‫مة‬‫ز‬‫والال‬‫لعملية‬‫النمو‬‫والت‬‫كاثر‬ ‫لألنسجة‬‫العضلية‬. •‫وعلى‬‫عكس‬‫ما‬‫يحدث‬‫عند‬‫تربية‬ ‫الحيوانات‬‫التقليدية‬‫عية‬‫ر‬‫املز‬‫فتقن‬‫ية‬ ‫إنتاج‬‫اللحوم‬‫ال‬‫تحتاج‬‫إلى‬‫مساحات‬‫ك‬‫بيرة‬. •‫هذه‬‫التقنية‬(‫إنتاج‬‫اللحوم‬‫مختبري‬‫ا‬) ‫مفيدة‬‫اد‬‫و‬‫لر‬‫الفضاء‬‫ألنه‬‫سوف‬‫يوفر‬‫ل‬‫هم‬ ‫حياة‬‫بيئية‬‫خاضعة‬‫للسيطرة‬‫وغذاء‬‫ط‬‫ازج‬ ‫بل‬‫ومن‬‫السهل‬‫التعامل‬‫مع‬‫املخلفات‬ ‫الناتجة‬‫وتوفير‬‫لألوكسجين‬‫واملاء‬.
  • 12. Is it feasible to produce cultured meat compared to real one.? • The analysis from American universities concluded a large-scale switch to lab-grown meat would come with environmental trade-offs; one concern is the: • 1- Amount of heat, • 2- Electricity required to produce cultured meat on a massive scale, and • 3- In the short term, difficult to apply this technique (cultured meat), Widely due to their high cost. But perhaps in the future, it will be better, if materials & requirements are used, in a cheaper way. Mattick, C. S., Landis, A. E., Allenby, B. R., & Genovese, N. J. (2015). Anticipatory life cycle analysis of in vitro biomass cultivation for cultured meat production in the United States. Environmental science & technology, 49(19), 11941-11949. ‫إمكانية‬‫إنتاج‬‫لحوم‬‫مختبريا‬ •‫ي‬‫أجر‬‫تحليال‬‫في‬‫إمريكا‬‫ل‬‫حو‬‫ما‬‫إذا‬‫تم‬ ‫ل‬‫التحو‬‫من‬‫النظام‬‫التقليدي‬‫إلى‬‫ال‬‫نظام‬ ‫ي‬‫املختبر‬‫فقد‬‫خلص‬‫إلى‬‫مخاطر‬‫ونت‬‫ائج‬ ‫بيئية‬‫م‬‫قلقة‬‫وهي‬: •‫مقدار‬‫وكمية‬‫ة‬‫ر‬‫الحرا‬‫الناتجة‬ •‫الكهرباء‬‫مة‬‫ز‬‫الال‬‫إلنتاج‬‫اللحوم‬‫امل‬‫نتجة‬ ‫مختبريا‬‫على‬‫نطاق‬‫واسع‬ •‫وكذلك‬‫على‬‫املدى‬‫القصير‬‫من‬‫الص‬‫عب‬ ‫تطبيق‬‫هذه‬‫التقنية‬(‫استزراع‬‫الل‬‫حوم‬) ‫على‬‫نطاق‬‫واسع‬‫بسبب‬‫تكلفتها‬‫ا‬،‫لعالية‬ •‫ولكن‬‫في‬‫املستقبل‬‫ن‬‫ستكو‬‫طري‬‫قة‬ ‫مفضلة‬‫إذا‬‫تم‬‫توفير‬‫املواد‬‫املست‬‫خدمة‬ ‫واملتطلبات‬‫بطريقة‬‫خص‬‫ر‬‫أ‬.
  • 13. What are the main constrains facing producing cultured meat? Bhat, Z. F., Kumar, S., & F, H. (2015). In vitro meat production: Challenges and benefits over conventional meat production. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 14(2), 241-248. ‫قد‬‫ن‬‫يكو‬‫من‬‫الصعب‬‫منافسة‬‫اللحوم‬‫التقلي‬‫دية‬ ‫ن‬‫كاللو‬‫واملظهر‬‫والشكل‬‫للحم‬‫في‬‫املختبر‬. ‫سينفر‬‫الناس‬‫من‬‫ياف‬‫ر‬‫األ‬(‫الطبيعة‬)‫وستش‬‫جع‬ ‫على‬‫الهجرة‬‫للمدن‬‫وستقل‬‫مساحات‬‫استخدام‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اض‬‫ر‬‫األ‬‫وغياب‬‫تربية‬‫ي‬ ‫املواش‬...!‫؟؟؟‬ Sensorial characteristics Alienation to nature Social acceptance Cost of production and economic distortances ‫ر‬‫شعو‬‫املستهلكين‬‫بالقلق‬‫والتخوف‬‫من‬‫ه‬‫ذه‬ ‫اللحوم‬‫ر‬‫والنفو‬‫من‬‫اللحوم‬،‫املختبرية‬‫حيث‬ ‫يعتبرونها‬‫لحوم‬‫صناعية‬‫وليست‬‫حقيقة‬. ‫إن‬‫التكلفة‬‫الباهظة‬‫هي‬‫العقبة‬‫الرئيسي‬‫ة‬‫كما‬ ‫أنها‬‫ستؤثر‬‫مستقبال‬‫إن‬‫نجحت‬‫على‬‫اقتص‬‫اديات‬ ‫ل‬‫دو‬‫املعتمدة‬‫في‬‫دخلها‬‫على‬‫تربية‬‫املاشي‬،‫ة‬‫وعلى‬ ‫ي‬‫مستو‬‫املربيين‬‫وبالتالي‬‫على‬‫العمالة‬‫و‬‫الدخل‬ ‫وعلى‬‫وسائل‬‫النقل‬..‫إلخ‬ constrains constrains
  • 14. What do you think about this type of production & how can you see the future of such a product? (1) ‫ومن‬‫أهم‬‫التحديات‬‫التي‬‫تواجه‬‫هذه‬‫اآللية‬‫أو‬‫التقنية‬‫أو‬‫الهندسة‬‫النسيجية‬‫تتمثل‬‫باآلتي‬: •‫صعوبة‬‫ل‬‫الحصو‬‫على‬‫خاليا‬‫البدء‬‫او‬‫الخاليا‬‫التأسيسية‬ •‫صعوبة‬‫ل‬‫الحصو‬‫على‬‫بيئات‬‫النمو‬‫او‬‫أوساط‬‫االستزراع‬‫بشكل‬‫كبير‬‫لتكلفتها‬‫العالية‬‫في‬‫الوقت‬‫اهن‬‫ر‬‫ال‬ •‫تفضيالت‬‫املستهلكين‬‫وتخوفهم‬‫واالنتفال‬‫من‬‫الغذية‬‫املألوفة‬‫التقليدية‬‫إلى‬‫الصناع‬‫ية‬ •‫اختالف‬‫الطعم‬‫واملكونات‬‫ونسبتها‬‫في‬‫اإلنسجة‬‫خلقة‬ ُ ‫امل‬‫واإلضافات‬‫املطلوبة‬‫لتحاكي‬‫ال‬‫لحوم‬‫الطبيعية‬
  • 15. What do you think about this type of production & how can you see the future of such a product? (2) ‫من‬‫وجهة‬‫ي‬‫نظر‬‫ومن‬‫خالل‬‫اطالعي‬‫أجد‬‫أنه‬‫من‬‫الصعوبة‬‫تطبيق‬‫هذه‬‫التقنية‬‫على‬‫املدي‬‫القريب‬‫لك‬‫ن‬‫في‬ ‫املستقبل‬‫ومع‬‫هذا‬‫ر‬‫التطو‬‫الهائل‬‫واملتسارع‬‫ى‬‫أر‬‫أنها‬‫ستصبح‬‫صناعة‬‫ئيسية‬‫ر‬‫في‬‫ظل‬‫التقدم‬‫ف‬‫ي‬‫توفير‬‫متطلباتها‬ ‫املخبرية‬‫وفي‬‫ظل‬‫البحث‬‫عن‬‫الغذية‬‫الصحية‬،‫والسريعة‬‫عالية‬‫ي‬‫املحتو‬‫من‬‫البروتين‬.‫اما‬‫بالنس‬‫بة‬‫لتفضيالت‬ ‫املستهلكين‬‫ستتغير‬‫قناعاتهم‬‫مع‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫مر‬‫الوقت‬‫وتصبح‬‫وجبة‬‫ئيسية‬‫ر‬‫ن‬‫ومكو‬‫ي‬ ‫أساس‬‫في‬‫تغذي‬‫ة‬‫اإلنسان‬‫ملا‬‫لها‬‫من‬ ‫فوائد‬‫في‬‫التغلب‬‫على‬‫اض‬‫ر‬‫االم‬‫ومسبباتها‬‫والتغلب‬‫على‬‫املشاكل‬‫البيئية‬‫وفي‬‫توجيه‬‫ر‬‫القد‬‫ات‬‫ى‬‫والقو‬‫البشرية‬ ‫نحو‬‫إنتاج‬‫أفضل‬،‫وأدق‬‫ولكنها‬‫ن‬‫ستكو‬‫كلفة‬ ُ‫م‬‫في‬‫بداية‬‫المر‬‫على‬‫إنتاجها‬‫وعلى‬‫مقومات‬‫الحياة‬‫املرتبطة‬ ‫اعة‬‫ر‬‫بالز‬‫وتربية‬،‫املاشية‬‫عموما‬‫بما‬‫ر‬‫ى‬‫نر‬‫في‬‫املستقبل‬‫القريب‬‫لحوم‬‫مصنعة‬..‫ولم‬‫ال‬...!
  • 16. Summary ‫ترتبط‬‫ق‬‫طر‬‫إنتاج‬‫اللحوم‬‫الحالية‬‫التقليدية‬‫بالعديد‬‫من‬‫املشاكل‬‫مثل‬‫عاية‬‫ر‬،‫الحيوانات‬‫تفاع‬‫ر‬‫وا‬‫املخاطر‬‫املرضية‬‫الحيوانية‬ ،‫املعدية‬‫اض‬‫ر‬‫والم‬‫املرتبطة‬‫بالغذاء‬،‫واستخدام‬،‫د‬‫ر‬‫املوا‬‫وعوامل‬،‫التعرية‬‫اف‬‫ز‬‫واستن‬،‫املياه‬‫والحفاظ‬‫على‬‫ال‬‫تنوع‬،‫البيولوجي‬ ‫ومخاطر‬‫التلوث‬‫البيئي‬،‫املختلفة‬‫فإن‬‫إنتاج‬‫اللحوم‬‫في‬‫املختبر‬‫ن‬‫ستكو‬‫الحل‬‫وتحمل‬‫ا‬‫وعود‬‫كبيرة‬‫كب‬‫ديل‬‫ولكن‬‫بشرط‬‫أن‬‫يتم‬ ‫التغلب‬‫على‬‫تخوف‬‫ر‬‫ونفو‬‫املستهلكين‬.‫وفي‬‫ظل‬‫الطلب‬‫ايد‬‫ز‬‫املت‬‫على‬‫اللحوم‬‫ة‬‫ر‬‫وند‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫املوا‬‫املتاحة‬‫إلنتاج‬‫ه‬‫ق‬‫بالطر‬‫الحالية‬ ‫يتطلبان‬‫أيضا‬‫نظام‬‫إنتاج‬‫جديد‬‫ومستدام‬‫ومفيد‬‫بيئيا‬.‫ويتمتع‬‫إنتاج‬‫اللحوم‬‫في‬‫املختبر‬‫بالعديد‬‫من‬‫الفوائد‬‫الصحية‬ ،‫والبيئية‬‫ومن‬‫املتوقع‬‫أن‬‫ن‬‫يكو‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫مصد‬‫ستداما‬ ُ‫م‬‫للحوم‬‫اآلمنة‬‫من‬‫الناحيتين‬‫الكيميائية‬‫بيول‬‫و‬‫واملكر‬‫وجية‬.‫وهناك‬‫الحاجة‬ ‫للمزيد‬‫من‬‫البحوث‬‫اسات‬‫ر‬‫والد‬‫في‬‫سبيل‬‫توفير‬‫البنية‬‫الساسية‬‫حتى‬‫يصبح‬‫نظاما‬‫قابال‬‫للتطبيق‬‫ت‬‫يا‬‫ر‬‫جا‬‫ومع‬‫تخفيض‬ ،‫التكاليف‬‫وبالتالي‬‫سيؤدي‬‫إلى‬‫خلق‬‫منتج‬‫ينافس‬‫بشكل‬‫نوعي‬‫وعملي‬‫م‬‫نتجات‬‫اللحوم‬‫القائمة‬‫حاليا‬. ‫العام‬ ‫المخلص‬
  • 17. Thank you for your attention!

Editor's Notes

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