Culture media are used to support the growth of microorganisms. They can be liquid, solid, or semisolid depending on their consistency. Culture media contain various nutrients like peptone, agar, and electrolytes. They are classified based on their oxygen requirement, nutrition type, and special characteristics. Examples of types of culture media include enriched, selective, differential, anaerobic, and blood culture media. Automated blood culture systems allow for continuous monitoring and faster detection of microbial growth compared to conventional methods.
It is fluid which is present
in the pericardial cavity of
heart b/w parietal pericardium n visceral pericardium.
The pericardial cavity is a
potential space lined by
mesothelium of the visceral n parietal pericardium.
Analysis of CSF, Gucose, Protien, Albumin, Globulin, Function of CSF, Secretion of CSF, Absorption of CSF, Bacterial Infection, Clinical Significance, Normal Composition of CSF, Microscopic examination of CSF, COOMASSIE BRILLIANT BLUE(CBB), REVERSE BIURET METHOD
A brief overview of syphilis and an outlook on the frequently requested VDRL test.
An insight into other investigative modalities for the diagnosis of syphilis.
KFT are used for evaluating kidney functions. there are several routine tests such as urea, creatinine and uric acid. Calculation of eGFR is recommended by national kidney organization whenever creatinine serum is measured.
It is fluid which is present
in the pericardial cavity of
heart b/w parietal pericardium n visceral pericardium.
The pericardial cavity is a
potential space lined by
mesothelium of the visceral n parietal pericardium.
Analysis of CSF, Gucose, Protien, Albumin, Globulin, Function of CSF, Secretion of CSF, Absorption of CSF, Bacterial Infection, Clinical Significance, Normal Composition of CSF, Microscopic examination of CSF, COOMASSIE BRILLIANT BLUE(CBB), REVERSE BIURET METHOD
A brief overview of syphilis and an outlook on the frequently requested VDRL test.
An insight into other investigative modalities for the diagnosis of syphilis.
KFT are used for evaluating kidney functions. there are several routine tests such as urea, creatinine and uric acid. Calculation of eGFR is recommended by national kidney organization whenever creatinine serum is measured.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is a hormone secreted into the blood by Pituitary gland. TSH signals thyroid gland (a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in front of the neck) to release the thyroid hormones into the blood. The Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Test measures the levels of TSH in the blood.
Reference: https://www.1mg.com/labs/test/thyroid-stimulating-hormone-1977
Direct
Passive
Reverse Passive
Agglutination Inhibition
Coagglutination
Agglutination tests can be done :
On slides
In tubes
In microtritation plates
-Difference between precipitation and agglutination reaction.
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg), also known as Australia antigen is present on the surface of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). This test detects the presence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) in the blood.
Reference: https://www.1mg.com/labs/test/hepatitis-b-s-1837
It gives basic things regarding urinalysis and will be very useful for medical students, house surgeons, laboratory technicians and postgraduates in medicine.
It is fluid which is present in
the abdominal cavity.
The peritoneal cavity is a potential
space lined by mesothelium of the
visceral n parietal peritoneum.
The genus Shigella exclusively infects human intestine.
Shigella dysenteriae is the causative agent of bacillary dysentery or shigellosis in humans.
It is a diarrheal illness which is characterized by frequent passage of blood stained mucopurulent stools.
The four important species of the genus Shigella are:
Shigella dysenteriae
Shigella flexneri
Shigella sonnei
Shigella boydii.
An illustrative presentation on Microscopic examination of Urine for Medical, Dental, Pharmacology and Biotechnology students to facilitate easy- learning and self-study..
Culture media are the basic requirement to grow the microbes in the laboratory for various purpose like isolation, identification and research purposes.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is a hormone secreted into the blood by Pituitary gland. TSH signals thyroid gland (a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in front of the neck) to release the thyroid hormones into the blood. The Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Test measures the levels of TSH in the blood.
Reference: https://www.1mg.com/labs/test/thyroid-stimulating-hormone-1977
Direct
Passive
Reverse Passive
Agglutination Inhibition
Coagglutination
Agglutination tests can be done :
On slides
In tubes
In microtritation plates
-Difference between precipitation and agglutination reaction.
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg), also known as Australia antigen is present on the surface of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). This test detects the presence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) in the blood.
Reference: https://www.1mg.com/labs/test/hepatitis-b-s-1837
It gives basic things regarding urinalysis and will be very useful for medical students, house surgeons, laboratory technicians and postgraduates in medicine.
It is fluid which is present in
the abdominal cavity.
The peritoneal cavity is a potential
space lined by mesothelium of the
visceral n parietal peritoneum.
The genus Shigella exclusively infects human intestine.
Shigella dysenteriae is the causative agent of bacillary dysentery or shigellosis in humans.
It is a diarrheal illness which is characterized by frequent passage of blood stained mucopurulent stools.
The four important species of the genus Shigella are:
Shigella dysenteriae
Shigella flexneri
Shigella sonnei
Shigella boydii.
An illustrative presentation on Microscopic examination of Urine for Medical, Dental, Pharmacology and Biotechnology students to facilitate easy- learning and self-study..
Culture media are the basic requirement to grow the microbes in the laboratory for various purpose like isolation, identification and research purposes.
- Definition
- Uses of culture media
- Basic composition of culture media
- Types of culture media
--Based on physical state
----solid medium
----semi solid medium
----liquid medium
--Based on ingredients
----Simple or basal medium.
----Complex medium.
----Synthetic or defined medium.
----Semisynthetic medium.
--Special medium
----Enriched media
----Enrichment media
----Selective media
----Differential media
----Indicator media
----Transport media
----Anaerobic media
-Media preparation
-Culture method
--Streak culture
--Lawn culture
-references
Culture media and Cultivation of Bacteria DR.C.P.PRINCEDR.PRINCE C P
Purpose of culturing are
Isolation of bacteria ( pure culture)
Diagnosis of infectious diseases
Properties of bacteria i.e. culturing bacteria is the initial step in studying its morphology and its identification.
Maintenance of stock cultures.
Estimate viable counts. Water , air, milk testing
To test for antibiotic sensitivity.
To create antigens for laboratory use.
Vaccine preparation
Sterility testing
Preparation of pharmaceutical products like antibiotics, enzymes, toxins etc
Certain genetic studies and manipulations of the cells also need that bacteria to be cultured in vitro.
Culturing on solid media is another convenient way of separating bacteria in mixture.
An artificial culture media must provide similar environmental and nutritional conditions that exist in the natural habitat of a bacterium.
A culture medium contains water, a source of carbon & energy, source of nitrogen, trace elements and some growth factors.
PPT prepared by:
DR.C. P. PRINCE
HOD & Associate Professor
Department of Microbiology
Mother Theresa Post Graduate & Research Institute of Health Sciences (Government of Puducherry Institution)
Culture media in microbiology refers to the solid or liquid substances used to cultivate and grow microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses in a laboratory setting. These media provide the necessary nutrients, environment, and conditions for microorganisms to thrive and reproduce. The choice of culture media depends on the specific requirements of the microorganisms being studied, as different organisms have varied nutritional needs and environmental preferences.
Details about all type of culture media for growing the bacteria,
the basic constituents of culture media
types of media
simple media
special media
complex media
transport media
sugar media
anaerobic media
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
2. CULTURE MEDIA
▰ Liquid or solid substance - contains nutrients to support the growth, and
survival of microorganisms.
2
3. Constituents of Culture Media
3
Constituent Explanation
Water and
Electrolytes
Sodium chloride
Peptone Mixture of partially digested proteins - obtained from various sources -
heart muscle, casein or fibrin, or soya.
Agar Used for solidifying the culture media
Source: Prepared from - cell wall of seaweeds and available
commercially in powder form
Preparation: Agar powder is dissolved in water and subjected to
sterilization by autoclave. When the temperature of the molten agar
comes down to 45°C, it is poured into the Petri dishes and then allowed
to set for 20 minutes.
Concentration:
Solid agar preparation - 1-2%
Semisolid agar- 0.5%
Solid agar to inhibit Proteus swarming- 6%
4. Constituents of Culture Media
(Cont..)
4
Constituent Explanation
Meat extract Highly concentrated meat stock, usually made from
beef.
Yeast extract (Prepared from Baker’s yeast) and malt extract
(contains maltose)
Blood and
serum
Important components of enriched media; provide
extra nutrition to fastidious
bacteria. 5–10% of sheep blood is used. Alternatively,
horse, ox or human blood can also be used.
5. Types of Culture Media
Based on consistency, culture media are grouped into:
▰ Liquid (or broth) media
▰ semisolid media
▰ solid media
5
6. Types of Culture Media
Based on the growth detection, culture media are classified as:
6
Conventional culture media:
Prepared from nutrients -
aqueous extract of meat,
peptone.
Simple/basal media
Enriched media
Enrichment broth
Selective media
Differential media
Transport media
Anaerobic media.
Automated culture media:
Mainly available for blood and
sterile body fluid culture.
7. Classification
CONSISTENCY
• SOLID MEDIA
• LIQUID MEDIA
• SEMISOLID
MEDIA
• BIPHASIC MEDIA
OXYGEN
REQUIREMENT
• AEROBIC MEDIA
• ANAEROBIC
MEDIA
NUTRITION
• SIMPLE MEDIA
• COMPLEX
MEDIA
• SYNTHETIC
/DEFINED
MEDIA
Special
Characteristics
• ENRICHED
MEDIA
• ENRICHMENT
MEDIA
• SELECTIVE
MEDIA
• INDICATOR
MEDIA
• DIFFERENTIAL
MEDIA
• BIOCHEMICAL
MEDIA
8. Con Consistency
Decided by Agar concentration :
- Solid media: 2% Agar
- Semisolid media: 0.5% Agar
- Liquid media: Agar not added
- Biphasic media : Solid and a liquid phase in the
same media container (Bottle)
10. Brain heart infusion
agar
- Both liquid & solid
phase
-Reduces
contamination and
isolate even a low
count of pathogen
11. Simple/Basal Media
Contain minimum ingredients that support the
growth of non-fastidious bacteria.
▰ Peptone water: Contains peptone (1%) + NaCl
(0.5%) + water
▰ Nutrient broth: Peptone water + meat extract
(1%).
▰ Nutrient agar: Nutrient broth + 2% agar
▰ Semisolid medium: Concentration of agar -
reduced to 0.2–0.5 %.
11
12. Uses of Basal Media
▰ Testing the non-fastidiousness of bacteria.
▰ Serve as base for the preparation of many other media.
▰ Nutrient broth - used for studying the bacterial growth curve.
▰ Nutrient agar - preferred medium for:
Performing the biochemical tests, such as oxidase, catalase, etc.
Study the colony morphology
Pigment demonstration.
12
13. Enriched Media
▰ Basal medium added with additional nutrients - blood, serum or egg
▰ In addition to non-fastidious organisms, support the growth of fastidious
nutritionally exacting bacteria.
13
14. Enriched Media (Cont..)
Blood agar –
▰ Prepared by adding 5-10% of sheep blood to the
molten nutrient agar at 450C.
▰ Tests the hemolytic property of the bacteria, which
may be either- i) partial or α (green) hemolysis and
ii) complete or β hemolysis
14
15. Enriched Media (Cont..)
Chocolate agar:
▰ Heated blood agar, prepared by adding 5 -10%
of sheep blood to the molten nutrient agar at
70°C.
▰ More nutritious than blood agar - supports
certain highly fastidious bacteria -
Haemophilus influenzae that does not grow
on blood agar.
15
16. Enriched Media (Cont..)
Loeffler’s serum slope: Contains serum - used for isolation of
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Blood culture media: Used for isolating microorganisms from blood - available
as conventional or automated blood culture media.
16
17. Enrichment Broth
▰ Liquid media added with inhibitory agents which selectively allow certain
organism to grow and inhibit others.
▰ Important for isolation of pathogens from clinical specimens which also
contain normal flora (e.g. stool and sputum specimen).
17
18. Enrichment Broth (Cont..)
Examples :
▰ Tetrathionate broth—Used for Salmonella Typhi
▰ Gram-negative broth—Used for Shigella
▰ Selenite F broth—Used for Shigella
▰ Alkaline peptone water (APW)—Used for Vibrio cholerae.
18
19. Selective Media
Solid media containing inhibitory substances - inhibit the normal flora
present in the specimen and allow the pathogens to grow.
19
Media Used for isolation of
Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) medium Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Thiosulphate Citrate Bile salt
Sucrose (TCBS)
Vibrio species
DCA (Deoxycholate Citrate Agar) Salmonella and Shigella from stool
XLD (Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate)
agar
Salmonella and Shigella from stool
Potassium tellurite agar (PTA) Corynebacterium diphtheriae
21. Lowenstein Jensen (JL) Medium:
Used for the growth of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Contains malachite green as an
inhibiting substance
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
colonies are
described as
rough, tough, buff
22. TCBS Agar
Thiosulphate Citrate
Bile salt Sucrose (TCBS)
agar:
Used for the isolation of
Vibrio cholerae
Contains bile salt as an
inhibiting substance
Large yellow coloured
colonies
23. Potassium tellurite agar:
Used for the isolation of
Corynebacterium diphtheria
Contains potassium tellurite as an
inhibiting substance
24. Selective media for Salmonella typhi :
Wilson Blair bismuth sulfite medium –
jet black colonies with a metallic
sheen
Deoxycholate citrate agar – NLF
colonies with a black centre
Xylose lysine deoxycholate agar – Red
colonies with a black centre
Salmonella Shigella agar – Colourless
colonies with a black centre
27. Transport Media
▰ Used for the transport of the clinical specimens suspected to contain
delicate organism or when delay is expected while transporting the
specimens from the site of collection to the laboratory
▰ Bacteria do not multiply in the transport media - they only remain viable.
27
28. Transport Media (Cont..)
28
Organism Transport media
Neisseria Amies medium, Stuart’s medium
Vibrio cholerae VR (Venkatraman-Ramakrishnan)
medium
Autoclaved sea water
Cary Blair medium
Shigella, Salmonella Buffered glycerol saline
Cary Blair medium
29. Differential Media
▰ Differentiate between two groups of bacteria - by using an indicator.
29
Differential media Features
MacConkey agar Differential and low selective medium - used for
the isolation of enteric GNB.
Differentiates organisms into LF (pink colonies,
e.g. Escherichia coli) and NLF or (colorless
colonies, e.g. Shigella).
Composition- Peptone, lactose, agar, neutral red
(indicator) and taurocholate
30. Differential Media (Cont..)
30
Differential media Features
CLED agar (cysteine
lactose electrolyte-
deficient agar)
Capable of differentiating between LF
and NLF.
Used as an alternative to combination
of blood agar and MacConkey agar, for
the processing of urine specimens
32. Anaerobic Culture Media
▰ Contain reducing substances which take up oxygen and create lower redox
potential - permit the growth of obligate anaerobes, such as Clostridium.
32
Media Features
Robertson’s cooked meat
(RCM) broth
Contains chopped meat particles
(beef heart), which provide
glutathione (a sulfhydryl group
containing reducing substance) and
unsaturated fatty acids.
Widely used
Used for maintenance of stock
cultures.
33. Anaerobic Culture Media (Cont..)
Other anaerobic media include:
▰ Thioglycollate broth
▰ Anaerobic blood agar
▰ BHIS agar (Brain-heart infusion agar) with supplements (vitamin K and
hemin)
▰ Neomycin blood agar
▰ Egg yolk agar
▰ Phenyl ethyl agar
▰ Bacteroides bile esculin agar (BBE agar).
33
34. Blood Culture Media
▰ Recovery of bacteria from blood is difficult - they are usually present in
lesser quantity and many of the blood pathogens are fastidious.
▰ Therefore, enriched media - used for isolating microorganisms from blood.
▰ Available either as conventional or automated media
34
35. Conventional Blood Culture Media
Two types:
▰ Monophasic medium: Contains brain–heart
infusion (BHI) broth.
▰ Biphasic medium: Liquid phase containing BHI
broth and a solid agar slope made up of BHI
agar
35
36. Disadvantages of conventional media
Subcultures are made manually - performed less-frequently (once a
day) as it is cumbersome.
36
Broth Disadvantages
Monophasic BHI
broth
Subcultures are made, periodically for 1 week.
Higher risk of contamination - due to opening of the
cap of the bottle every time when subcultures are
made.
Biphasic BHI
broth
Subcultures - made just by tilting the bottles so that
the broth runs over the agar slope.
Lower risk of contamination as it obviates the
opening of the cap of the bottle
37. Automated Blood Culture Techniques
(Cont..)
▰ Specimens: Used for culture of blood, bone marrow and sterile body
fluids.
▰ More sensitive: Higher yield of positive cultures from clinical specimens
▰ Rapid: Less time than conventional methods
▰ Less labor intensive: fully-automated
37
38. Automated Systems
BacT/ALERT 3D:
▰ Principle - colorimetric detection of
growth.
▰ When bacteria multiply - produce CO2 -
increases the pH - changes the color of a
blue-green sensor present at the bottom
of the bottle to yellow
38
39. Automated Blood Culture Techniques
▰ Continuous automated monitoring: Blood culture bottles - periodically
monitored for the microbial growth - every 10 minutes by the instrument.
▰ Composition: Tryptic soy broth and/or brain heart infusion broth +
polymeric resin beads - adsorb and neutralize the antimicrobials present in
blood specimen.
39
40. Automated Systems (Cont..)
BacT/ALERT VIRTUO (bioMerieux):
Advanced form of BacT/ALERT – has
several advantages, such as:
▰ Automatic loading and unloading of
bottles,
▰ Faster detection of growth,
▰ Determine volume of blood present
in bottle
40
41. Automated Systems (Cont..)
BACTEC (BD Diagnostics)
▰ Principle - fluorometric detection of growth.
▰ Uses an oxygen-sensitive fluorescent dye present in the medium.
41
42. Disadvantages of automated systems
▰ High cost of the instrument and culture bottles,
▰ Inability to observe the colony morphology as liquid medium is used.
42