The document discusses Cubism and Surrealism. Cubism originated in the early 20th century and was one of the first abstract art styles. It used simple shapes and ignored color initially, giving depth and richness to paintings through overlapping fragments. Surrealism emerged in the 1920s and aimed to include unconscious thoughts and dreams in art by setting the imagination free, resulting in works that were odd, illogical, and irrational. Key Cubist artists included Pablo Picasso and George Braque, while Surrealist works often used techniques like automatic drawing and frottage to access the subconscious.

1. Cubism & surrealism
MODERNISIM
Art of 20th century
by
Sana horani

2. What is Cubism ?
 First abstract art style
 Used simple shapes
 Ignored color in beginning
 Lacks elements of light, atmosphere, and space
 Gave depth and richness to painting
 Overlapping Fragments
 Reality of objects in space, reality of flat painted surface

3. How did Cubism get its name?
Cubism got its name from remarks
from the painter Henri Matisse and
critic Louis Vauxcelles. They saw
Braque’s work "
Houses at L'Estaque & quot;
and mocked it saying
“everything is broken down into
cubes.”

4. Cubism Influence
 Post Impressionist Gauguin greatly influence Pablo Picasso

5.  Impressionist Cezanne greatly influenced George Braque. Taught to
break away from technique and concentrate on color and power of
single brush stroke Disengages with detail and simplified a painting

6. African greatly influenced Picasso’s early
works Direct reaction to Fauvism .Formal simplification and expressive power
Based from African and Iberian sculptures Used earth tones similar to the African
masks Large inspiration for Picasso

7. movements of cubism
 Analytic Cubism (1909-1911)
First Cubism phase Monochromatic colors (tans, browns, grays,
creams, greens, blues) Based on reducing natural forms to basic
geometrical parts. Focused more on intellect than emotion and
very ambitious
 Synthetic Cubism (1912-1919)
Grew out of analytical Wider use of color Wider use of
materials Paper Collage introduced Type of collage Appealing
and easier to interpret Less intricate Added substances like sand
to paint to make it appear thicker

8. Analytic vs Synthetic
 Based on intellect
 Monochromatic color
palette
 Reduce object to basic
geometric shapes
 Linear construction
 Less intricate
 More color
 More appealing
Collage
 Objects less
recognizable
 Less shading
 Added substance to
paint

9. Main Artists:
 Pablo Picasso
 George Braque
 Juan Gris

10. Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)
o Spanish painter and sculptor
o Took the sculpture approach
o which lead to creation of Cubism
o Stated forms and volumes in basic
simplicity

15. George Braque (1882-1963)
 French painter
 Saw solid reality of objects
 Impressionist, Fauvist, then Cubist
 Painted mainly scenery
 Influenced by Latisse and the Fauves, then
Cezanne and Picasso
 Introduced faux bois.
(The appearance of stenciling in his paintings)

20. surrealism (1924)
 The word surrealism comes from the French word
super realism. The Surrealists wanted to create art
that included their unconscious thoughts and
dreams. Instead of thinking too much about what
they are painting, they preferred to set their
imaginations free.
Surreal was
 Odd
 Illogical
 Irrational
 Exciting
 Disturbing

21. Characteristics of Surrealism
 Reaction to chaos of WWI
 Influence of Freud: Dreams and subconscious
 Impossible scale
 Reversal of natural laws
 Double images
 Juxtaposition
 Element of surprise
 No guideline Free association
 Hidden Images
 Uncensored thought
 Distorted objects
 Transparency. Cooler colors
 Displacement of an object
 Exaggeration

22. Kinds of surrealism
Automatic Surrealism
In the beginning of the Surrealism movement, was
prominent. It was used as a means to illustrate the
subconscious. In this art, the hand can move freely and
randomly across the canvas. Max Ernst coined the term
frottage, which is also used in this automatic style of
Surrealism.
Sub techniques:
 Automatic Drawing
 Frottage
 Decalcomania

23. Automatic Drawing
Andre Automatic Drawing 1924
moving a pencil or brush
randomly across the canvas.

24. Frottage
Isaac Bingham
Palm Tree Frottage
Frottage- A pencil rubbing
made by putting paper over
a textured surface.

25. Decalcomania
Oscar Dominguez
Untitled
Decalcomania- pressing
textured material or objects
into a wet, painted canvas

26. Andre Messon
Meditation on an Oak Leaf
Andre Masson Battle of the Fish 1927
Joan Miro, Carnival of Harlequin ,
1924

27. Veristic (illusionistic Dream Imagery)
The automatism used by Masson and Miro, and Ernst’s
“frottage” technique dominated the first year of the Surrealism
movement. However, artists like Rene Magritte, Yves Tanguy,
and Salvador Dali emerged with a new style in Surrealism.
Quite different from previous artists, these artists focused on
hallucinatory and fantastic subject matter in meticulously and
realistically portrayed images.

28. Salvador Dali The Persistence of Memory