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Modernism emerged in the late 19th century as industrialization transformed societies and new technologies developed. Events like World Wars and the Spanish Flu pandemic caused major societal changes in Europe. Art movements reflected these transformations, from Art Nouveau capturing nature in decorative designs to Cubism and Futurism using abstract forms to depict new perspectives and a modern world of speed and machinery. As disillusionment with rationalism grew after World War 1, Postmodernism developed as an rejection of grand narratives and an embrace of ambiguity and pluralism.


















