Philippine art has evolved over time through different periods and movements. [1] Pre-colonial art featured traditional forms like pottery, carvings, and textiles that incorporated local symbols and designs. [2] Under Spanish rule from the 16th-19th centuries, religious and royal art in a Baroque or Neoclassical style became prominent. [3] During the American period in the early 20th century, art nouveau, art deco, and genres like landscapes were popular. Key art movements like expressionism, cubism, and social realism reflected the times. Notable artists played roles in developing Philippine identity and styles through their works.

1. Philippine Art
Movements
ABRIGO | AQUINO | DRUGA | OSBUCAN | PILUDEN | SUGUITAN

2. Topic Outline
I. What is Philippine Art?
II. Brief Timeline of Philippine Art
III. Key Movements
IV. 18th to 21st Century Art
V. Conclusion

3. What is
Philippine Art?
What makes art Filipino?

4. What is Philippine
Art?
 Our historical background makes the
Filipino distinct from their neighbors,
but Philippine visual art has no
singular aesthetic.

5. What
constitutes
Philippine Art?
“We cannot define it because you
can’t have a static answer to that,”
Philippine art expert Ramon N.
Villegas said recently, adding that the
“Filipino-ness” of an artwork cannot
be determined solely by referring to
the artists’ name or decoding his
strokes or his subjects.

6. Is there a Filipino Soul?
This insistence to create something
relevant to one’s nationality is not unique
to the Philippines.
…sometimes, trying to find the Filipino in
certain Philippine art is like trying to milk a
cow when the cow isn’t a cow after all.

7. THE QUESTION OF
PHILIPPINE ART IS A
QUESTION OF
PHILIPPINE IDENTITY.

8. PHILIPPINE
NATIONALISM,
A BLACK LEGEND?

9. The Filipino is a “work in progress”
The Filipino as a product of cultural influences
is especially skillful at taking these influences
and making it their own.
Philippine Identity?

10. Philippine Identities
Vilroy Godoy Culzon:
“Kung ano ang
pinanggalingan mo, ilagay mo
sa canvass.”

11. Brief Timeline
of Philippine Art
Pre-colonial to present period

12. Art Form Pre-Colonial Spanish Period (1521-
1898)
American Period (1898-
1946)
Painting Body adornment, ornament Religious (icon and
ecclesiastical)
Secular (portraiture)
Genre paintings, landscapes,
still life, portraits
Sculpture Pottery, carving and
woodwork expression,
jewelry, metal crafts
Santos, furniture, reliefs, altar
pieces, jewelry, metal work,
ornamentation
Free standing, relief, public
Architecture Dwellings and houses,
shelters, worship areas,
official residences, mosque
Church, plaza complex, town
planning, fortification, civic
buildings and installations,
private residences,
commercial structures,
cemeteries, bridges,
lighthouse
City planning, parks,
waterfront, civic government
structure, public works,
apartments, residences,
offices, health and public
education, business

13. Pre-Colonial Period
 Traditional art that has religious symbols, day to day activity such as
fishing, farming, etc., or a specific decorative art pattern to the community
 Either influenced by animistic (local religion) or Islam-based

14. Painting

15. Sculpture
 Discovered in 1965, the Angono Petroglyphs are believed to be the oldest
known artworks in the Philippines. Dating to the third millennium B.C.,
they are a collection of 127 figural carvings engraved on the wall of a
shallow cave of volcanic tuff.
 The petroglyphs of Angono are among the oldest surviving examples of
rock engravings in Asia, and are believed to be the oldest in the
Philippines. Archaeological excavations of the site have yielded fragments
of earthenware and obsidian flakes, which suggest the cave may have
first been used sometime during the Neolithic period. The surviving
carvings are a unique collection at this distant period of Philippine history.

17. Pottery, Carving, and
Woodwork
 Examples:
Manunggul Jar and
Maitum Jar

18. Jewelry
Example: Ling Ling-o

19. Architecture
 Houses were made of light materials
like wood, bamboo and nipa palm
 Some of them built tree houses to
protect themselves against their
enemies, or from being attacked by
wild animals

20. Other Form of Art
Weaving
 An ancient art form would weave fibers such as
abaca, pineapple, ramie, maguey, cotton, and
bark cloth
 Virtually all attire was hand woven. Examples
include G-string, Maranao Malong, Bontoc
Tapis, Ilong patadyong, T’boli T’nalak, etc.

21. Unchanged art is still
existing
 The Okir (motif) is an
artistic cultural
heritage of the
Maranaos of Lanao,
Philippines

22. Spanish Period
 Formal painting, sculpture, and architecture
 Catholic-based work of arts
1521-1898

23. Painting
 Religious (icon and ecclesiastical)
 Secular (portraiture)

24. Esteban Villanueva, Basi Revolt, 1821 (14 paintings)
Inspired by: Maître â la Ratiêre, Battle of Marignano 1515)

25. Byzantine Painting Style
Byzantine art is an artistic product of the
Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, as well as
the nations and states that inherited culturally
from the empire. These are more Christian-
based art.

26. Byzantine frescoes: Langit, Lupa at Impierno, Josef Luciano Dans
ca. 1850
(Inspired by: 11th-12th century Church of Panavia Phorviotissa
Cyprus)

27. Sculpture
 Santos, furniture, altar pieces, jewelry, metalwork,
ornamentation
 Rococo Art

28. Architecture
 The plaza complex consisted of an
open space, usually rectangular or
square in shape, a chapel or church, a
convent, a municipio or tribunal, a
market place, a cemetery, and the
residences around it. The physical set-
up enabled the Spaniards to effectively
manage and control the natives, and
bring them closer to Catholicism.

29. Miagao Church
(Inspired by: Cathedral Church of Saint Mary in Murcia, Spain)
Baroque Style

30. American Period
 Educational and value formation
 Art illustration, advertising, and commercial
design
1898-1946

31. Painting
 Art Nouveau
 A style of decorative art, architecture, and design prominent
in Western Europe and the US from about 1890 until World
War I, and characterized by intricate linear designs and
flowing curves based on natural forms

32. Sculpture
 Free standing, relief, public

33. Architecture
City planning, parks, waterfront, civic
government structure, public works,
apartments, residences, offices, health and
public education, business

34. Neoclasscism
CityHallofDavao(Inspiredby:TheWhiteHouse)

35. Metropolitan Theater (Inspired by: Chrysler Building)
Art Decoration in Philippine Architecture

36. Uy-Chaco Building (Inspired by: Old England building built in
Art Nouveau style. Musée des instruments de musique -
Bruxelles
Art Nouveau in Philippine Architecture

37. Philippine Modern Art
1946 - 1970
The study of determining what is Philippine Contemporary Art Period is still
being determined since the word has been used loosely even during the
American Colonial Period. However, some Philippine art historians/critic has
always been a follower of the Western Art Style and its trends at that point,
and thus suggested that this was actually the point where Philippine Modern
Art Period started but went only full swing after the war. This is set by the
creation of the Art Association of the Philippines (AAP) that in a way has a
strong leaning with the Modernist than the Conservatives (the traditional art
also termed as the Amorsolo School)

38. Philippine Contemporary Art
1980s to Present
It was on the on-set of the sudden rise of personal computers and new
technology created a new art medium for the arts and human expression. But
there were also countless revivals of old styles being done. This started a new
direction for the arts, thus setting the name, momentarily, the Philippine
Contemporary Period.

39. 2 Filipino Art Style that Developed
through Spanish Period
1. Miniaturismo
Art style that pays attention to the
embroidery and texture of the
costume
“Portrait of Romano Carillo”
by Justiniano Asuncion

40. 2 Filipino Art Style that Developed
through Spanish Period
2. Letras y Figuras
Art style that fuses letters with
figures in every day activity
amidst a common background
Usually used in painting a
patron’s full name

41. Key
Movements
From Baroque to Pop Art

42. Key Movements in PH Art
• Movements are styles in art shaped by
artists with a common philosophy or
goal.
• These movements can be borne out of
the social climates that they became
popular in, or be made as responses to
previous movements.
• Most of the key art movements found in
the Philippines have Western origin.

43. Baroque
 An art movement that arose in Europe during
the 17th and 18th centuries. This movement was
characterized by extravagant imagery through
use of extensive decoration and ornamentation.
During this period, we adapted this art style from
Spain.
Santo

44. Paoay Church

45. Neoclassicism
 This art style followed soon after the Baroque
movement at the start of the 19th century. It
harkens back to the style of the Classical period
of the Greeks and Romans, with an emphasis
on symmetry, order and simplicity. This
movement became prominent in the Philippines
during and after the American period, seen in
our government structures and museums.

46. Baguio City Hall National Museum

47. Romanticism
An art movement characterized by an emphasis on the senses and
emotion, sometimes seen as a response to the sober methods
preferred in Neoclassicism, as Romanticism also became prominent
during the 19th century. Juan Luna is the most prominent Filipino artist
in this movement, with a blend of some impressionist style in his
work.

48. Spoliarium, Juan Luna (1884)

49. Realism
This art movement from the 19th century
heavily pushed for the art style of Naturalism
that aimed to represent nature the way it truly
appears. Notable artists here are Felipe
Roxas and Fernando Amorsolo. Amorsolo,
however, was one of the artists in the realism
movement to paint nature such that he
perfects it, with some stylized depictions.

50. Tinikling in Barrio,
Fernando Amorsolo
(1951)

51. Expressionism
 This art movement, made
popular in the 20th century,
went for a style that did not
necessarily concern itself with
observation, often using
geometric shapes and highly
intense colors, such as the
work of Ang Kiukok. Other
artists use distortion and dull
colors to depics various kinds
of emotion, like Onib
Olmedo’s work.
Dog Fight, Ang Kiukok (1982)

52. CUBISM
An art movement that started around 1907
made famous by Pablo Picasso, which
utilized the use of figures like cubes,
cones, and cylinders to depict everything
in nature. Vicente Manansala created
transparent cubism, where the human
figure remained intact while the
background or the environment was still
depicted in the cubic figures.

53. Madonna of the Slums,
Vicente Manansala
(1950)
Flower Vendor, Onib
Olmedo (1987)

54. Impressionism
 This art movement became
famous in the 19th century
with artists like Claude Monet
of France. This movement
was concerned with capturing
the impression of light on
objects and scenery, with
artists like Emilio Aguilar Cruz
and Andres Cristobal being
known Filipino artists of this
movement.
Jones Bridge, Emilio Cruz

55. Surrealism
Made famous in the early 1920s by
artists like Salvador Dali, this art
movement aimed to depict the
subconscious of the artist. Galo Ocampo
is an artist of this movement.
The River of Life, Galo Ocampo

56. Abstract
Expressionism
Made famous by the works of
Jackson Pollock, this art
movement pointed out that
the creation of the art was the
art itself, not just the painting

57. Social Realism
 A broad description on different
artworks whose themes spew
biting commentaries on socio-
political issues of the country
 Aimed to effect social change
through socio-political pieces
 Late 1800s revolutionary period,
and then again in the First
Quarter Storm in the 1970s
(Martial Law)
 Art for the people (the masa),
collective experience that a great
number could relate to
Martsa ng Bayan para sa Kalayaan, Katarungan, at
Kapayapaan, Edgar Fernandez (1984)

58. Krista,PabloBaenSantos(1984)
Bihag,EdgarTalusanFernandez(1985)

59. Figurative Art
One of the most popular movements, as
figurative art is representational, meaning it
is derived from real object sources
Early figurative art in the Philippines is
mostly realistic and classical, but in modern
times, surreal depictions of human figures
and conditions entered figurative art.
Kumot, Elmer Borlongan (1993)

60. Rehimen, Elmer
Borlongan (1988)

61. Conceptual Art
In this movement, the idea is more important than
the object, and encompasses site-specific art
installations, three-dimensional assemblages of
discards and non-art elements, performance, and
video art. Some of the works are ephemeral or
temporary, and therefore requires documentation.

62. ROBERTO CHABET: Father of Philippine Conceptual Art

63. POP
ART
Pop Art is a distinctive genre of art that is
primarily characterized by an interest in
popular culture and imaginative
interpretations of commercial products.
Renowned for its bold imagery, bright color
palette, and repetitive approach inspired by
mass production, the movement is
celebrated for its unique and recognizable
style.
The movement presented a challenge to
traditions of fine art by including imagery
from popular and mass culture, such as
advertising, comic books and mundane
cultural objects.

65. Pop-Surreal and
Lowbrow Art
 An underground visual art movement that is
based on comic books, tattoos, punk music and
other alternative-pop culture themes. American
illustrator Dave McKean influenced a lot of young
Filipino artists, who created informal movements
within universities. On the other hand, graffiti art,
which utilizes spray paint and even stickers, has
recently caught on with a lot of young Filipino

67. Regionalism
 Regionalism was an American art movement that centralized
around artists working in the Midwest in states like Kansas and
Missouri, it was art that focused on rural life in America.
 What’s unique about where you live? Is it urban or rural? Some
kinds of art explore specific geographic areas and environments.

68. LUZON

69. VISAYAS

70. MINDANAO

71. CORDILLERA

72. 18th to 21st
Century Art
Remarkable artists up to the present

73. FILIPINO
ARTISTS

74. Secular Artists
 Damian Domingo
 “First (known/recognized) Filipino painter”
 Founded the first art school in the country
around 1815 to 1820, later named by the
 Agustin Saez
 Known as one of the teachers and
inspiration of Juan Luna, Lorenzo Guerrero
and their contemporaries

75. The “Primitives”
Known Artists:
 Isidro Arcejo
 Jose Asuncion
 Antonio Asuncion
 D. Gomez

76. The “Primitives”
 Antonio Malantic
 Little Hidalgo and his
grandfather, 1859
(left)
 Portrait of Soledad
Francia, 1876 (right

77. Late 19th Century
and 20th Century
Precursors

78. Juan Senson (1847 – 1927)
 “Byzantine Style”
 Heavily depicted figures
rendered with stiff lines;
 Pure colorations;
 Symbolic perspective;
 Stylized human figures
 “Baptism,” Juan Senson, Biga
Church
 Attributed Scupltures:
 “Yellow Crucifixion”
 “Kristong Pagkabuhay”

79. Juan Luna (1857-1899)
 Competed against the
Westerner’s “cultural
superiority-mongering”
 “Daphne y Cleo” (ca. 1879-
1880)
 Awarded a silver palette
by the Liceo Artistico de
Manila
 “La Muerte de Cleopatra”
(1881)
 Silver medal at Madrird’s
Exposicion Nacional de
Bellas Artes

80. “Spoliarium” (1883-1884)
Gold medal at the Exposicion Nacional de
Bellas Artes
“Las Damas Romanas” (1882)
Diploma of Honor at the Munich Art Museum

81. Felix Hidalgo (1855-1913)
 “Las Viergenes Cristianas Expuestas al
Populacho” (1884), was awarded the
ninth silver medal at the Exposicion
General de Belles Artes in Madrid
 “La Barca de Aqueronte” (1887), and
“Laguna Estigia” (1887), received a gold
medal at the Exposicion General de
Belles Artes in Madrid

83. Fabian de la Rosa (1869-
1937)
 “Don Fabian”
 Teacher of Amorsolo,
Tolentino, Manansala,
Francisco, and Legaspi
 Mixture of rural
countryside and female
portraits using chiaroscuro
method
 “Women Working in the
Fields” (1902)

84.  “Memeng Tolentino”
 Works expounded on the value of Filipino
sacrifice through accurate reproduction of their
likeness but clothing and posing them in
idealistic settings in Beaux Arts manner
 “Bonifacio Monument” (1932)
Guillermo Tolentino (1890-1976)

85. Fernando Amorsolo (1892-1972)
 Tangible sense of historical detachment
between subject and context
 Appreciation of “beautiful” motifs to argue
the motifs of art as a continuation of the
“classical” traditions of the academy
 “nationalism”, “earthiness”, “condition of
the modern”
“Portrait of Fernanda de

86. “Planting Rice with Mayon Volcano”
(1949)
“Antipolo Fiesta”
(1947)

87. Victorio Edades (1895-1985)
 Transformation of
Philippine art to modern
art; rebellion against
conservative academism
 “new perceptions of the
external world”
 Emphasis on distortion,
emotional feeling, and
radical coloration
“The Sketch” (1928)

88. “The Builders”
(1928)

89. “Bulul at Babae” (ca. 1930s)

90. Juan Nakpil (1899-1986)
 “Father of Philippine Architecture”
 Utilized the Art Deco style in
Filipino structures and later
transitioned to the International
lifestyle
 Quezon Institute Complex

91. UP Diliman Administration Building (Quezon Hall)

92. Vicente Manansala
(-1981)
 Transparent
Cubism style
 National Artist for
Visual Arts 1981
Madonna of the
Slums (1950)
“Luksong Tinik”
(1973)

93. Carlos Francisco (1912-1969)
 Uses Figurative Modernism and
Asian traditional art
 Murals depicting narrative sweep
and epic proportions of Philippine
history and society
 “Bayanihan sa Bukid”

94.  Have more freedom to explore
 They show their love for country and evolving
culture
 Styles come from cross-cultural exposures
from Eastern and Western world mixed with
their Filipino roots
 Many use color to convey emotion rather than
intellectual values
Modern Filipino Artists

95. Jose T. Joya
National Artist for Visual Arts, 2003; Filipino Abstract Expressionist painter
Hills of Nikko (1964)
Oil on Canvas
Barter of Panay (1978)
Oil on Canvas

96. Hernando Ruiz Ocampo
National Artist for Visual Arts, 1991; Modernist Abstract
“Children Playing”
Dancing Mutants
(1995)
Oil on Canvas

97. Arturo Luz
National Artist for Visual Arts; Modern Neo-Realist
Red Sky (2007)
Acrylic on Canvas
Bagong Taon (1997)
Serigraph

98. Mauro “Malang” Santos
“Children
Dancing Mutants
(1995)
Woman Vendor (1993)
Oil Pastel
Flower Vendor (1992)
Gouche

99.  The movement sought to contradict some
aspects of modernism or aspects that
emerged/developed in its aftermath
 The constituents of this movement believed
that they should no longer try to create
something “new” but instead “borrow,
combine, explore” what was already existing
to produce something new.
 Associated with the deconstruction of the
idea, the disillusionment in life
Post-Modern Filipino Artists

100. Ian Quirante
Post-modern artist
The Secret (2011)
Acrylic on Canvas
Untitled (2004)
Mixed media

101. Rocky Cajigan
Multimedia artist
Educated (2015)
Box construction, Atomizer, Cordillera weaving, Wooden phalluses, Brass
Frankincense, Gold and Myrrh
(2015)

102. Ang Kiukok
National Artist for Visual Arts 2001
Cockfight (1998)
Oil on Canvas Fish (1958)
Oil on Canvas

103. Lino Severino
Modern Contemporary Painter
Vanishing Scene #232 (1994)
Acrylic on Canvas
Untitled (1993)
Acrylic on Canvas

104. Impy Pilapil
A Dreamer’s Zone II
Serigraph Oceanic Garden Series (2015)
Print

105. Charito Bitanga
Abstract Artist
Untitled 0000 (1992)
Oil on Canvas
Presentation
Oil on Canvas

106. Baguio Local Artists

107. Kidlat Tahimik
 Father of Philippine Independent
Cinema; National Artist of the
Philippines for Film 2018
 Film director, writer, and actor whose
films are commonly associated with
the Third Cinema movement through
their critiques of neocolonialism

110. Ben Cab
 Hailed as a master of contemporary
Philippine Art; National Artist for
Visual Arts 2006
 Painter and printmaker, has exhibited
widely in the Philippines and in Asia,
Europe, and the United States
 Received the Gawad CCP Para sa
Sining (Cultural Center of the
Philippines Award for the Arts)

111. SabelinBlue(2006);OilonCanvas
Sabel

112. Justine Amores
 Currently a senior History major at
University of the Philippines Baguio
 Medium: Painting (watercolor and
gouache) and photography
 Combines vibrant colors for her
illustrations reflecting her cheerful,
amiable, and animated character
 Particular interest on painting jeepneys,
Filipiniana themes, and recently, on cats

113. Untitled (2019)
Film Photography
Dyipni Series (2017-2018)
Gouache Painting

114. Conclusion

115. We do not have a distinct art movement, but
when we adopt Western art movements, or
any foreign art movements, we sure make it
with our own flavor.

116. Philippine Art and Key Movements
constitute our “Filipino identity.” But
Filipino Identity is vague, and to talk
about Filipino identity is to also talk
of inclusion and exclusion – the
sameness and difference of
different cultures and traditions
(Zulueta, 2014)

117. To appreciate Philippine Art
is to appreciate the
uniqueness of the culture
behind it.

118. THANK
YOU!