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CROSSOVER EXPERIMENTS
METHODS OF DETERMINING MECHANISM OF REACTION
1)Identification of products
2)Determination of presence of intermediate
3)Study of catalysis
4)Labling studies
1. Group labling
2. Isotope labling
3. Crossover experiments
5) Sterio chemical study
6) Kinetic studies
7) Kinetic isotope effect
FUN EXAMPLE
TIGER + LION LIGER
( REACTANTS ) ( CROSSOVE PRODUCT )
CROSSSOVER EXPERIMENTS
1) Non- kinetic method of determining mechanism of a reaction
2) Nature of INTER MOLECULAR (or) INTRA MOLECUAR
rearrangement can be determined by CROSSOVER
EXPERIMENTS
3) Two Simiar but Non-identical reactants are used in crossoer
experiments.
4) If the product of the reaction contains the fragments of both
reactants the product is crossover product and so the product is
inter molecular rearrangement.
GIVES
GIVES
GIVES
INDUSTRIAL EXAMPLE
Inverse vulcanization is a copolymerization of elemental sulfur and alkenes that
provides unique materials with high sulfur content (typically $50% sulfur by mass).
These polymers contain a dynamic and reactive polysulfide network that creates
many opportunities for processing, assembly, and repair that are not possible with
traditional plastics, rubbers and thermosets. In this study, we demonstrate that
two surfaces of these sulfur polymers can be chemically joined at room
temperature through a phosphine or amine-catalyzed exchange of the S–S bonds
in the polymer. When the nucleophile is pyridine or triethylamine, we show that
S–S metathesis only occurs at room temperature for a sulfur rank > 2—an
important discovery for the design of polymers made by inverse vulcanization.
This mechanistic understanding of the S–S metathesis was further supported with
small molecule crossover experiments in addition to computational studies.
Applications of this chemistry in latent adhesives, additive manufacturing,
polymer repair, and recycling are also presented.
Applications of cross over experiments
1) To predict the mechanism of the reaction weather inter or intra
molecular reactions.
2) To designe better improved catalyst for better turn over.
CROSSOVER EXPERIMENTS - Chemistry

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CROSSOVER EXPERIMENTS - Chemistry

  • 2. METHODS OF DETERMINING MECHANISM OF REACTION 1)Identification of products 2)Determination of presence of intermediate 3)Study of catalysis 4)Labling studies 1. Group labling 2. Isotope labling 3. Crossover experiments 5) Sterio chemical study 6) Kinetic studies 7) Kinetic isotope effect
  • 3. FUN EXAMPLE TIGER + LION LIGER ( REACTANTS ) ( CROSSOVE PRODUCT )
  • 4. CROSSSOVER EXPERIMENTS 1) Non- kinetic method of determining mechanism of a reaction 2) Nature of INTER MOLECULAR (or) INTRA MOLECUAR rearrangement can be determined by CROSSOVER EXPERIMENTS 3) Two Simiar but Non-identical reactants are used in crossoer experiments. 4) If the product of the reaction contains the fragments of both reactants the product is crossover product and so the product is inter molecular rearrangement.
  • 5.
  • 8.
  • 9. INDUSTRIAL EXAMPLE Inverse vulcanization is a copolymerization of elemental sulfur and alkenes that provides unique materials with high sulfur content (typically $50% sulfur by mass). These polymers contain a dynamic and reactive polysulfide network that creates many opportunities for processing, assembly, and repair that are not possible with traditional plastics, rubbers and thermosets. In this study, we demonstrate that two surfaces of these sulfur polymers can be chemically joined at room temperature through a phosphine or amine-catalyzed exchange of the S–S bonds in the polymer. When the nucleophile is pyridine or triethylamine, we show that S–S metathesis only occurs at room temperature for a sulfur rank > 2—an important discovery for the design of polymers made by inverse vulcanization. This mechanistic understanding of the S–S metathesis was further supported with small molecule crossover experiments in addition to computational studies. Applications of this chemistry in latent adhesives, additive manufacturing, polymer repair, and recycling are also presented.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. Applications of cross over experiments 1) To predict the mechanism of the reaction weather inter or intra molecular reactions. 2) To designe better improved catalyst for better turn over.