Crop rotation involves growing different crops in sequential seasons on the same land to improve soil health and fertility. It follows several key principles, such as alternating deep and shallow rooted crops, legumes and non-legumes, and long and short duration crops. The benefits of crop rotation include higher and more stable yields without extra costs, enhanced soil nutrients and structure, reduced pests and diseases, and better utilization of soil moisture and nutrients throughout the year. Examples of crop rotations include rice-wheat-mungbean, cotton-groundnut, and maize-mustard-sugarcane-fenugreek.

1. RAMAKRISHNA MISSION
VIVEKANANDA EDUCATIONAL
AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Semester - 01
Name - Manisha Sharma , Mousumi Anisha Lakra
Group no - 09
Subject - Basic Agriculture
Subject code - CCARTD12

2. CROP ROTATION
-Definition
-Principle
-Advantages

3. Crop rotation -
• The crop rotation is stated as growing one crop
after another on the same piece of land on
different timings (seasons) without impairing the
soil fertility.
• Example- Rice : Wheat : Moong
• It is the reverse of land rotation.
• Here crop is rotated every year.

4. Principles :
• The basic principles of crop rotations are as follows:
• Deep rooted crops should be succeeded by shallow
rooted crops such as cotton, castor, pigeon pea-
potato, lentil, green gram etc.
• Dicot crops should be rotated by monocot crops such
as mustard, potato- rice, wheat- sugarcane.
• Leguminous crops should be succeeded by non-
leguminous crops and vice versa (green gram-
wheat).

5. • Exhaustive crops should be succeeded with restorative
crops such as potato, sorghum, sugarcane, castor-
sunhemp, black gram, cowpea.
• Grain crops should be followed by foliage crops such as,
wheat- dhaincha, black gram.
• Long duration crops should be succeeded by short
duration crops such as sugarcane, napier, Lucerne-
cowpea, black gram, ground nut.
• Crops susceptible to soil borne pathogens and parasitic
weeds should be followed by tolerant trap crops such
as sugarcane- marigold, mustard (for nematodes);
tobacco- rice, pulses (for orobanche); pearl millet-
castor (for striga); lucern, berseem- oats (for cuscuta).

6. • Crops with problematic weeds should be followed
by clean crops/ multi cut crops and other dissimilar
crops .
• Heavy irrigation and intensive labour requiring
crops should be followed by less water and labour
requiring crops such as sugarcane, paddy-
mungbean and sesame.

7. Advantages :
• Higher yield without incurring extra investment.
• Enhance soil fertility and microbial activity.
• Avoid accumulation of toxic substances.
• The legumes in a cropping system, assimilating
nitrogen from the atmosphere and enriching the
soil with their root system.
• Better utilization of nutrients and soil moisture.
• Insurance against natural devastation.

8. • Maintain soil health by avoiding insect pest, diseases
and weed problems.
• Provide proper labour, power and capital distribution
throughout the year.
• Higher chances to provide diversified commodities.
• Slow but steady income, which is beneficial to
marginal and small farmers.
• Deep rooted crops work the soil below plough layer.

9. Different crop rotation -
• Cotton - groundnut
• Rice - Gram / sunflower
• Hybrid jowar - Wheat / jowar / gram
• Jowar - sunflower - groundnut
• Sunflower - potato groundnut
• Sunhemp - sugarcane -groundnut

10. Types of crop rotation-
Types
• One year
• Two years
• Three years
Rotations
• Maize - mustard
• Maize - mustard -
sugarcane - Fenugreek
• Cotton - oat - sugarcane
- peas - maize - wheat