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Critical thinking
- 1. Critical Thinking in Media Education NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR CHILDREN’S TELEVISION Understanding and Utilizing Media in Teaching Schools Division of Tarlac
- 3. Image Source: Vanderbilt University Center for Teaching https://cft.vanderbilt.edu/guides-sub-pages/blooms-taxonomy/
- 4. Developing proficiency in any skill requires a scaffolded approach; critical thinking is no different.
- 5. When students think critically, they interact with the text, skillfully analyzing the message, comparing that message with their previous knowledge, considering alternate positions, and synthesizing the information gained into a richer knowledge base - Pescatore (2007)
- 6. • Critical thinking skills do not occur randomly or without effort; it takes structured, deliberate, and repetitive exposure and practice for students to develop insightful thinking. • To exercise critical thinking means that students ― make sense of choices, clamor, and confusion. - Senechal (2010)
- 7. ML KEY CONCEPTS 1) All media messages are “constructed.” 2) Media messages are constructed using a creative language with its own rules. 3) Different people experience the same media message differently. 4) Media have embedded values and points of view. 5) Most media messages are organized to gain profit.
- 8. # Key Words Kellner & Share (2015) Deconstruction CML’s 5 Core Concepts 1 Authorship Principle of Non- Transparency Who created this message? All media messages are constructed. 2 Format Codes & Conventions What creative techniques are used to attract my attention? Media messages are constructed using a creative language with its own rules. 3 Audience Audience Decoding How might different people understand this message differently? Different people experience the same media message differently. 4 Content Content & Message What values, lifestyles and points of view are represented in or omitted from this message? Media have embedded values and points of view. 5 Purpose Motivation Why is this message being sent? Most media messages are organized to gain
- 12. Skin Care in the Philippines Euromonitor International Country Report (2017) • Trend • Competitive landscape • Prospects
- 13. Dissecting the Pinoy white skin obsession Published January 29, 2010 by Carmela Lapena http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/content/182773/dissecting-the- pinoy-white-skin-obsession/story/ • Cultural conditioning • Bright beauty • Bad bargain • Cosmetic craze
- 18. • AUTHOR • FORMAT • TA • CONTENT • PURPOSE
- 19. MEDIA TEXT what you actually see and/or hear in any piece of media includes written or spoken words, pictures, graphics, moving images, sounds, and the arrangement or sequence of these elements story manifest text
- 20. MEDIA TEXT a dominant feature of our environment socially in terms of what we talk about physically in terms of what we see on our streets culturally in terms of the time we spend absorbing ideas from screens and pages Briggs, A. and Cobley, P. (eds) (2002) The Media: An Introduction, 2nd edn. Harlow: Addison Wesley Longman
- 21. SUBTEXT • Individual‟s interpretation of a media text • latent text • not actually heard or seen • the meaning we create from the text in our own minds ---
- 22. SUBTEXT We create our subtexts based on: previous experiences knowledge opinions attitudes values ---
- 23. APPLE CONTEXT
- 34. SUBLIMINAL ADVERTISING Subliminal Images “Subliminal advertising is a technique of exposing consumers to product pictures, brand names, or other marketing stimuli without the consumers having conscious awareness. Once exposed to a subliminal marketing stimulus, the consumer is believed to decode the information and act upon it without being able to acknowledge a communication stimulus.” g””
- 35. How is critical thinking done? Roger Darlington The essence of critical thinking centers not on answering questions but on questioning answers. “Remember that prominence does not equate to importance.” Look out for exceptions. There is a popular saying that: "It's the exception that proves the rule." In fact, in scientific terms, it is the exception that disproves the rule.” Always look for evidence. Always consider alternative explanations. For one to critically think, one must always question a certain scenario or piece of information. What are the sources? Are the sources biased, or reliable? Is there an alternative explanation?”
- 36. 9 CRITICAL THINKING STRATEGIES Criticalthinking.org (2015) 1) Use “wasted” time. 2) A problem a day. 3) Internalize intellectual Standards 4) Keep an intellectual Journal 5) Reshape your character 6) Deal with your ego. 7) Redefine the way you see things. 8) Get in touch with your emotions. 9) Analyze group influences on your life.
- 37. DEVELOPING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS Genal Hove (2011) Bernasconi (2008) • encourages students to read text more than once • as they do so, to question ―the text to determine the author„s argument and the text„s stylistic choices and structure • Students also learn annotating, summarizing, and descriptive outlining, skills crucial to making meaning from a text
- 38. DEVELOPING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS Genal Hove (2011) Hayes & Devitt (2008) o inclusion of problem solving o asking questions that require critical analysis o evaluating sources o and decision making
- 39. DEVELOPING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS Genal Hove (2011) Mendelmen (2007) • image-concept approach in an attempt to transition from the tangible to intangible • asks students to identify all images and concepts present, and after this is mastered, she challenges her students to move from verbal analysis, to written analysis communicating tangibles and intangibles present in the work
- 40. DEVELOPING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS Genal Hove (2011) Thein, Oldakowski & Sloan (2010) • advocated a ―model of instruction…designed to help students understand the constructed nature of lived and text worlds and to critique the messages they forward • intent is to make students more aware of who they are, how they live, and their impact on the world
- 41. DEVELOPING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS Genal Hove (2011) Beyer (2008) • the most effective ways to teach critical thinking is to ―make these components explicit—obvious, specific, clear and precise • make as explicit as possible how and why, step by step, to carry out a skill efficiently and effectively, we enable our students to become more conscious of how and why they…actually “do” that skill
- 52. Revisiting the Key Concepts MediaLit Kit (2009). CML’s five key questions and core concepts (Q/Tips) for consumers and producers. Center for Media Literacy. Roman, A. (2008). Approaches to media criticism/education. Critical de-construction of media messages. Paper presented at The Media Educators‟ Training Workshop: The Carmelites‟ Titus Brandsma Media & Spirituality Center, Cebu City. _______ (n.d.). Nonverbal Communication. Retrieved October 15, 2017 from http://www.opsu.edu/Academics/LiberalArts/Speech/files/C OMM1113/NONVERBAL.pdf