Criminal abortion is commonly practiced in India as access to legal abortion and society fear are still great barrier. Approach of the physician and government should favorable.
infanticide are quite common in India because of illiteracy as well as the female child unwanted . Now a days female sexual assault and murder is getting common in north Indian society
infanticide are quite common in India because of illiteracy as well as the female child unwanted . Now a days female sexual assault and murder is getting common in north Indian society
A POWER POINT PRESENTATION BY DR. SANGEETA CHOWDHRY AND DR. SUNIL SHARMA, DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY, GOVT. MEDICAL COLLEGE, JAMMU (JAMMU AND KASHMIR)
Forensic science PowerPoint presentation on Injury and it's medico-legal importance.
The slide is made for medical students. Mainly for BAMS students. It covers maximum points.
The slide is full of example with pictures which make it easy to understand the concept. It contains post-mortem findings as well as medico-legal importance of the each type of injury.
FORENSIC MEDICINE BOOKS OF
REDDY
GOUTAM BISWAS
MAGENDRAN
OTHERS
TOPICS :-
COLD INJURY
HEAT INJURY
BURN INJURY
SCALDS
ELECTROCUTION
LIGHTENING INJURY
THIS IS ONE OF MY BEST AND FAVORITE PRESENTATIONS. IT WILL SURELY HELP YOU A LOT DURING YOUR EXAMS (PROF/OTHERS). IF YOU FIND IT HELPFUL THEN LIKE IT. MY EMAIL ID IS GIVEN ON THE 2ND PAGE OF THIS PRESENTATION, IF YOU WANT PRESENTATIONS ON OTHER TOPICS (ANY MEDICAL SUBJECTS) THEN MAIL ME. I WILL WORK ON IT LOT AND WILL BE TRYING TO SHARE WITH YOU GUYS...
THANK YOU
A POWER POINT PRESENTATION BY DR. SANGEETA CHOWDHRY AND DR. SUNIL SHARMA, DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY, GOVT. MEDICAL COLLEGE, JAMMU (JAMMU AND KASHMIR)
Forensic science PowerPoint presentation on Injury and it's medico-legal importance.
The slide is made for medical students. Mainly for BAMS students. It covers maximum points.
The slide is full of example with pictures which make it easy to understand the concept. It contains post-mortem findings as well as medico-legal importance of the each type of injury.
FORENSIC MEDICINE BOOKS OF
REDDY
GOUTAM BISWAS
MAGENDRAN
OTHERS
TOPICS :-
COLD INJURY
HEAT INJURY
BURN INJURY
SCALDS
ELECTROCUTION
LIGHTENING INJURY
THIS IS ONE OF MY BEST AND FAVORITE PRESENTATIONS. IT WILL SURELY HELP YOU A LOT DURING YOUR EXAMS (PROF/OTHERS). IF YOU FIND IT HELPFUL THEN LIKE IT. MY EMAIL ID IS GIVEN ON THE 2ND PAGE OF THIS PRESENTATION, IF YOU WANT PRESENTATIONS ON OTHER TOPICS (ANY MEDICAL SUBJECTS) THEN MAIL ME. I WILL WORK ON IT LOT AND WILL BE TRYING TO SHARE WITH YOU GUYS...
THANK YOU
"whenever any medico-legal case comes to the hospital, the medical officer on duty should inform the Duty Constable, giving the name, age, sex of the patient and the place of occurrence of the incident and should start the treatment of the patient.
It will be the duty of the said Constable to inform the nearest concerned police station or higher police functionaries for further action.
Role of Forensic Pathologists in Mass Aviation Disasters[1].pptxDr. Mohd Kaleem Khan
The forensic pathologist has always had a central role in the identification of the dead in every day practice, in accidents, and in disasters involving hundreds or thousands of victims.
Medico Legal Responsibilities of Doctors
Registered medical practitioner (RMP) i.e. Emergency Medical Officer (EMO)/ Assistant Emergency Medical Officer (Asst. EMO) at Emergency should decide whether the case is to be registered as MLC or not.
Consent of family members NOT required for registration of a case as MLC.
Opinion Should be Crisp and to the Point. Articles Preserved and Should be Enumerated.Prepare Three Copies of The Document, One Copy is Kept at Emergency Room, other as Hospital Record.Original is Given to The Police.
If a MLC, recorded elsewhere (in other hospital) is referred, it should be treated as MLC but NO NEW MLC number should be issued. Treatment should continue in old MLC number. Neither a new MLR should be prepared nor is it needed to inform the police.
If a case is brought several days after the incident, it should be reported and findings to be noted regarding the present condition of the patient.
MLC can be written and signed by (EMO)/Asst. EMO /Faculty. Wherever possible, Faculty member should sign along with SR/JR if the report is prepared by them.
Cases wherever attending doctor after taking history and clinical examination of the patient thinks that some investigation by law enforcing agencies are essential so as to fix the responsibility regarding the case in accordance with the law of land.
consent
Indian Contract Act 1872 defines when two or more persons agree upon the same thing and at the same time in the same sense provided the consent has been taken prior to coercion, not under the influence of fraud or misinterpretation and mistake
Various pests, fungi, weeds and rodents cause much harm to the production and storage of food grains
A large number of pesticides including insecticides, rodenticides, herbicides and fungicides are available in the market.
infections through food contamination and food adulteration often leads poisoning like status. mortality and morbidity decides the nature and severity of poison. awareness needed for common food born infections and common food adulterants.
Analysis of hair and fiber , differentiating it between human and animals. analysis in identification cases of male and female and different places of body origin. Examination in sexual assault cases and extraction of DNA from hair from DNA fingerprinting.
Drowning is an inhalation of liquid in respiratory tract leading to suffocation and death. it can be wet or dry drowning depending upon the water entering in trachea. some times water touching the larynx leading to spasm and complete closure leading to dry drowning.
injury to thorax and abdomen. tension pneumothorax , cardiac tamponade, rupture of kidney, rupture of liver, intestinal perforation, foreign body in rectum
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
3. Definition of Abortion : Abortion is expulsion
of uterine content of the gravid uterus before
the full term.
Medically: when the contents expelled before
28 weeks.
Expulsion after 28 weeks: ‘PREMATURE
LABOUR’ (Dead fetus: ‘STILL BIRTH’)
5. Natural: a spontaneous abortion.
Occur in 10-20% of all pregnancies.
Common in 2-3 months.
Causes
Genetic ( 50%)
Diseases of mother (HT, DM)
Uterine abnormalities (retroverted/ submucous fibroids/hypoplasia)
Hormonal insufficiencies
Gross malformations of zygote
Placental/Decidual diseases
Infection
6. Legalized Abortion
Therapeutic (for medical purposes)
Diseases related to mother
Eugenic
Diseases related to fetus
Social
Unplanned pregnancy
Contraceptive failure
Humanitarian
Rape
Environmental
Socioeconomic condition of female
7. Criminal Abortion : When induction of abortion is
performed without any justifiable cause , i.e. for any
reason other than saving mother life
Methods used
◦ Abortificient drugs
◦ General violence
◦ Local violence
8. Abortificient drugs( used before 2 months)
Ebolics ( increase uterine contraction)
Ergot
Estrogens
Pituitary extract
Strychnine
Quinine
10. Genitourinary irritants
Cantharides
Oil of turpentine
Tansy
Pennyroyal
Drugs having systemic toxicity
Inorganic lead copper iron and mercury
Organic
Rati, calotopis
Seeds of cutard apple,carrots
Fruits of pappya, pine apple
11. General violence
Intentional
Severe pressure on abdomen
Violent exercise horse riding cycling skipping jumping
Cupping
Hot and cold hip bath
Accidental
12. Local violence
Syringing
Syringe and aspiration
Vacuum aspiration
Rupturing of membrane
Abortion stick
Dilation of cervix
Air insufflations
Electric current
Paste
15. Abortion Stick
Bamboo stick 12-18 cm long wrapped at one with Cotton, Wool or
Cloth
Soaked with juice of Marking Nut, Calotropis or
Paste made of Arsenous Oxide or Lead
Sticks can also be of
Plumbago Rosea,
Calotropis,
Nerium Odorum
16. Foreign bodies are introduced in cervix
Pessaries
Laminaria
Sponge
Slippery elm bark
Utus paste
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26. In Living:
# Signs of recent delivery (depend on length of
pregnancy/ modified depending on time between
abortion and examination).
# Haemorrhage
# Softening of cervix.
# Enlargement of uterus.
# Breast changes of pregnancy in primipara.
# Speculum examination: Vaginal
erosions/lacerations, Valsellum forcep marks on
cervix, Cervical lacerations.
27. In Living:
# Offensive vaginal discharge.
# Signs of peritonitis.
In Death:
# Sudden death of a woman of child bearing age.
# Deceased is pregnant and deeply cyanosed.
# Instruments used/ abortifacient drugs at the scene
of death.
# Disturbed underclothing.
28. In Death:
# Soapy fluid/ blood stained fluid coming out of
vagina.
# Products of conception, blood clots at the scene.
# Blood stained bed linen, dressings, swabs, cotton
wool at the scene.
37. 312. Causing miscarriage: -
Whoever voluntarily causes a woman with child to miscarry,
punished with imprisonment to three years, or with fine, or with both
if the woman be quick with child, shall be
punished with imprisonment seven years, and fine.
Explanation:- A woman who causes herself to miscarry, is within the
meaning of this section.
38. 313. Causing miscarriage without woman’s
consent:-
whoever commits the offence defined in the last preceding
section
without the consent of the woman,
whether the woman is quick with child or not,
shall be punished with imprisonment for life
or ten years, and fine.
39. 314. Death caused by act done with intent to cause
miscarriage:
whoever, with intent to cause the miscarriage of woman with child,
does any act which causes the death of such woman,
punished for a term may extend to ten years, and fine.
If act done without woman’s consent:-
And if the act is done without the consent of the woman
punished either with 1[imprisonment for life] or
with the punishment above mentioned.
Explanation: - It is not essential to this offence that the
offender should know that the act is likely to cause death.
40. 315. Act done with intent to prevent child being
born alive or to cause it to die after birth: -
any act with the intention of there
by preventing that child from being born alive or
causing it to die after its birth,
be punished with imprisonment of
which may extend to ten years, or
with fine, or with both.
41.
316. Causing death of quick unborn child by act
amounting to culpable homicide:-
whoever does any act under such circumstances, that if he
thereby caused death he
would be guilty of culpable homicide, and does by such act
cause the death of a quick unborn child, shall be
punished with imprisonment which may extend to ten years
also be liable to fine.
Illustration.
A, knowing that he is likely to cause the death of a pregnant woman, does an act
which, if it caused the death of the woman, would amount to culpable homicide.
The woman is injured, but does not die, but the death of an unborn quick child
with which she is pregnant is thereby caused. A is guilty of the offence defined
in this section.
42. 317. Exposure and abandonment of child under
twelve years, by parent or person having care of it.-
Whoever being the father or mother of a child under the age of twelve
years, having the care of such child, shall expose or leave such child in
any place with the intention of wholly abandoning such child, shall be
punished with imprisonment extend to seven years; or with fine, or
with both.
Explanation.-
this section is note intended to prevent the trial of the offender
for murder
or culpable homicide, as the case may be, if the child die in
consequence of
exposure.
43. 318. Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead
body. - whoever, by secretly burying or otherwise
disposing of the death body of a child whether such
child die before or during its birth, intentionally
conceals or endeavors to conceal the birth of such
child, shall be punished with imprisonment of either
description for a term which may extend to
two years, or with fine, or with both.