This document discusses reactor design for multiple reactions. It begins by describing types of reactors including batch, semi-batch, and continuous. Design parameters like volume, flow rate, concentrations, kinetics, temperature, and pressure are discussed for reactor selection. Equations for mixed flow and plug flow reactor design are presented. Plug flow reactors are generally smaller than continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) for a given conversion. Methods for maximizing the desired product in parallel and series reactions include adjusting conditions like concentrations, temperatures, and choosing the proper reactor type. Multiple reactor systems with reactors in series or mixed flow reactors of different sizes can be used for high conversions that a single reactor cannot achieve.
Difference between batch,mixed flow & plug-flow reactorUsman Shah
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
Difference between batch,mixed flow & plug-flow reactorUsman Shah
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
A 10-minute experimental run shows that 75% of liquid reactant is converted to product by a half-order rate. What would be the fraction converted in a half-hour run?
In this topic we have discussed working principle of a Batch Reactor. We've also discussed its kinetics like its Rate equation, Material and Energy balance. Its Design steps also have been discussed.
These slides may be used for a part of Advanced level course in Chemical Reaction Engineering. I taught this course to Masters level students covering 1.5 credit hours.
The Principles required to understand Distillation, Absorption, Stripping, Flashing, Gas Treating, Scrubbing and more!
Introduction:
This course covers all the theory required to understand the basic principles behind Unit Operations that are based on Mass Transfer. Most of these Unit Operations (Equipments) are used in Process Separation Technologies in the Industry.Common examples are Distillation, Absorption and Scrubbing.
This course is required for the following:
Flash Distillation
Gas Absorption & Stripping
Simple Distillation
Batch Distillation
Binary Distillation
Fractional Distillation
Scrubbers
Gas Treating
Sprayers / Spray Towers
Bubble Columns / Sparged Vessels
Agitation Vessels
Packed Towers
Tray Towers
We will cover:
Mass Transfer Basics
Diffusion, Convection
Flux & Fick's Law
The Concept of Equilibrium & Phases
Gibbs Phase Rule
Vapor Pressure
Equilibrium Vapor-Liquid Diagrams (T-xy, P-xy, XY)
Equilibrium Curves
Dew Point, Bubble Point
Volatility (Absolute & Relative)
K-Values
Ideal Cases vs. Real Cases
Henry's Law
Raoult's Law
Deviations of Ideal Cases (Positive and Negative)
Azeotropes
Solubility of Gases in Liquids
Interphase Mass Transfer and its Theories
Two Film Theory
Mass Transfer Coefficients (Overall vs Local)
Getting Vapor-Liquid and Solubility Data
Solved-Problem Approach:
All theory is backed with:
Exercises
Solved problems
Proposed problems
Homework
Case Studies
Individual Study
At the end of the course:
You will be able to understand the mass transfer concepts behind various Unit Operations involving Vapor - Liquid Interaction.
You will be able to apply this theory in further Unit Operations related to Mass Transfer Vapor - Liquid, which is one of the most common interactions found in the industry.
About your instructor:
I majored in Chemical Engineering with a minor in Industrial Engineering back in 2012.
I worked as a Process Design/Operation Engineer in INEOS Koln, mostly on the petrochemical area relating to naphtha treating. There I designed and modeled several processes relating separation of isopentane/pentane mixtures, catalytic reactors and separation processes such as distillation columns, flash separation devices and transportation of tank-trucks of product.
Slides for the eLearning course Separation and purification processes in biorefineries (https://open-learn.xamk.fi) in IMPRESS project (https://www.spire2030.eu/impress).
Section: Mass transfer processes
Subject: 2.4 Interphase mass transfer
A 10-minute experimental run shows that 75% of liquid reactant is converted to product by a half-order rate. What would be the fraction converted in a half-hour run?
In this topic we have discussed working principle of a Batch Reactor. We've also discussed its kinetics like its Rate equation, Material and Energy balance. Its Design steps also have been discussed.
These slides may be used for a part of Advanced level course in Chemical Reaction Engineering. I taught this course to Masters level students covering 1.5 credit hours.
The Principles required to understand Distillation, Absorption, Stripping, Flashing, Gas Treating, Scrubbing and more!
Introduction:
This course covers all the theory required to understand the basic principles behind Unit Operations that are based on Mass Transfer. Most of these Unit Operations (Equipments) are used in Process Separation Technologies in the Industry.Common examples are Distillation, Absorption and Scrubbing.
This course is required for the following:
Flash Distillation
Gas Absorption & Stripping
Simple Distillation
Batch Distillation
Binary Distillation
Fractional Distillation
Scrubbers
Gas Treating
Sprayers / Spray Towers
Bubble Columns / Sparged Vessels
Agitation Vessels
Packed Towers
Tray Towers
We will cover:
Mass Transfer Basics
Diffusion, Convection
Flux & Fick's Law
The Concept of Equilibrium & Phases
Gibbs Phase Rule
Vapor Pressure
Equilibrium Vapor-Liquid Diagrams (T-xy, P-xy, XY)
Equilibrium Curves
Dew Point, Bubble Point
Volatility (Absolute & Relative)
K-Values
Ideal Cases vs. Real Cases
Henry's Law
Raoult's Law
Deviations of Ideal Cases (Positive and Negative)
Azeotropes
Solubility of Gases in Liquids
Interphase Mass Transfer and its Theories
Two Film Theory
Mass Transfer Coefficients (Overall vs Local)
Getting Vapor-Liquid and Solubility Data
Solved-Problem Approach:
All theory is backed with:
Exercises
Solved problems
Proposed problems
Homework
Case Studies
Individual Study
At the end of the course:
You will be able to understand the mass transfer concepts behind various Unit Operations involving Vapor - Liquid Interaction.
You will be able to apply this theory in further Unit Operations related to Mass Transfer Vapor - Liquid, which is one of the most common interactions found in the industry.
About your instructor:
I majored in Chemical Engineering with a minor in Industrial Engineering back in 2012.
I worked as a Process Design/Operation Engineer in INEOS Koln, mostly on the petrochemical area relating to naphtha treating. There I designed and modeled several processes relating separation of isopentane/pentane mixtures, catalytic reactors and separation processes such as distillation columns, flash separation devices and transportation of tank-trucks of product.
Slides for the eLearning course Separation and purification processes in biorefineries (https://open-learn.xamk.fi) in IMPRESS project (https://www.spire2030.eu/impress).
Section: Mass transfer processes
Subject: 2.4 Interphase mass transfer
Reactores batch quimicos para la industria en campos de ingenieria.pptBastheanFranciscoPin
eactores Discontinuos o Batch: Son recipientes con agitación en el cual se cargan los reactivos y se descargan una vez la reacción ha finalizado. Se caracterizan por no trabajar en condiciones estacionarias. Tanto la temperatura como las composiciones varían constantemente.
Chemical reaction engineering is that engineering activity which is concerned with the exploitation of chemical reactions on commercial scale.
The areas of different fields of science like:
Oil Refining
Pharmaceuticals
Biotechnology
Chemical Industries
Sustainable Development
INTRODUCTION
COMPARISION BETWEEN FIXED BED VS FLUIDISED BED REACTOR
SELECTION CRITERIA FOR CATALYST REACTOR
DESIGN OF CATALYST REACTOR
DESIGN OF DEACTIVATION OF CATALYST
In this Course we get two sections:
Section 1
Introduction and information on the existing reactors
Visual images of reactors
Importance of Reactor Design
Section 2
- The General Mole Balance Equation
- The concept of Generation
- The Accumulation term
- The Design Equations for a Batch Reactor
- The Design Equations for a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
- The Design Equations for a Plug Flow Reactor
- The Design Equations for a Packed Bed Reactor
By the end of this block you should be able to differentiate between batch reactors vs. continuous flow reactors.
You should be familiar with the General Mole Balance Equation and how to apply it to every reactor.
You should know or at least get to know the Mole Balance Equations or Design Equations of each reactor in the Course.
CONTINUOUS FLOW REACTORS WORKING PRINCIPLE, ADVANTAGEES ,DISADVANTAGES ,SYNTH...krishnapriyakr26
CONTINUOUS FLOW REACTORS
WORKING PRINCIPLE, ADVANTAGES AND SYNTHETIC APPLICATIONThe concept of “Flow chemistry” defines a very general range of chemical process that occur in a continuous flowing stream, conventionally takes place in a reactor zone
The concept of “Flow chemistry” defines a very general range of chemical process that occur in a continuous flowing stream, conventionally takes place in a reactor zone
The concept of “Flow chemistry” defines a very general range of chemical process that occur in a continuous flowing stream, conventionally takes place in a reactor zone
The concept of “Flow chemistry” defines a very general range of chemical process that occur in a continuous flowing stream, conventionally takes place in a reactor zone
The concept of “Flow chemistry” defines a very general range of chemical process that occur in a continuous flowing stream, conventionally takes place in a reactor zone
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
1. Design for Mutiple Reactions
PRESENTED BY: Prakash ch.sahoo
Sanjeet kumar
Sugyani gouda
BRANCH: Chemical engineering
2. Types of reactors
1.Batch- uniform composition everywhere in
reactor but changes with time
2. Semi batch- in semi-batch one reactant will
be added when reaction will proceed
3. Continuous reactor
a. Mixed flow- this is uniformly mixed ,
same composition everywhere, within the
reactor and at exit
b. Plug flow- flow of fluid through reactor with
order so that only lateral mixing is possible
3. Reactor design parameter
Reactor design basically means which type and size of
reactor and method of operation we should employ for
a given conversation
Parameters
• Volume of reactor
• Flow rate
• Concentration of feed
• Reaction kinetic
• Temperature
• pressure
4. Plug flow and mixed flow reactor design
Mixed flow reactor design
Applying mass balance performance
equation for mixed flow reactor
Plug flow reactor design
Performance equation for plug flow reactor
5. Plug flow vs CSTR
• For any particular duty and for all
positive reaction order the volume of
mixed flow reactor will always be grater
then plug flow
• Area under curve in figure is very small
for plug flow as compared to mixed flow
so volume is small for plug flow.
• When conversion is small, the reactor
performance is only slightly affected by
flow type. the perforation ratio very
rapidly at high conversion.
• Density variation during reaction affects
design, however it is normally of
secondary importance compared to the
difference in flow type.
6. Multiple reactor system
• Number of plug flow reactor
in series are theoretically
same as equivalent volume
of a single plug flow reactor.
• Number of mixed flow
reactor of equal size in
series may be used when we
need high conversion and
can’t perform in a single
reactor.
• From the given graph, for
first order reaction,
conversion for series of
equal size reactor can be
find
7. Mixed flow reactor of different size in series
• From the fig it is clear that for plug flow
reactor volume can be find by dashed
area and for mixed flow whole area.
• When we are have to use mixed flow
reactor, then we can use different size
mixed flow reactor so, that over all
volume would be small
• To optimized or to find how different size
of mixed flow reactor should used we
have to maximized lower dashed
rectangle.
• This optimization gives the slope of
diagonal of the rectangle should be equal
to slope of curve at intersection of these
two reactor.
• Levenspiel , has proved that after overall
economic consideration equal size
reactors in series are economical.
8. Design for parallel
reaction
• When a reactant gives two product
(desired, and undesired)simultaneously
with different rate constant then this is
called a parallel reaction.
• To keep maximum amount of desired
product we can take following steps.
• Ifa1>a2 or the desired reaction is of higher
order then keep reactant concentration
high for high product concentration.
• If a1<a2 than for desired reaction keep
reactant concentration low.
• For a1=a2 change in reactant
concentration will not affect the product
then, because rate constant k1 and k2 are
different at different temperature so, we
can keep our temperature such that
desired product will be high or use of
catalyst would be a option which are
9. Reactor design for multiple
reaction
• In multiple reaction reactor design contacting pattern is most important
factor to get a particular product.
• In irreversible reaction in series like
the mixing of fluid of different composition is the key to formation of
intermediate. The maximum possible amount of intermediate is
obtained if fluid of different composition and different stage of
conversation are not allowed to mixed.
• In series of reaction if intermediate reactant is our desired product
than semi batch reactor will be used.
10. Irreversible series-parallel reaction
• Multiple reaction that consist of steps in
series and steps in parallel reaction.
• In these reaction proper contacting
pattern is very important.
• The general representation of these
reaction are
• Here the reaction is parallel with respect
to reactant B and in series with A.
Halogenations of alkane is a
example of this kind of
reaction where reaction is
parallel with respect to
halogen
11. Reaction type
• Chemical kinetics of reaction can be known by knowing
the type of reaction
• For reactor selection reaction type will tell us about heat of
reaction either reaction is endothermic or exothermic.
• Selectivity is defined as reaction rate ratio for two parallel
reaction.
• Catalyst are used to increase reaction rate and selectivity
for a specific reaction.
• We can determine what type of catalyst will be used.
• Reaction temperature range will be determined.
12. Reactor type
• Reactor may be a plug flow or mixed flow or batch
flow reactor or other.
• Contacting pattern of reaction will be known.
• In case of expensive catalyst and high heat transfer
rate required, mixed flow(fludized bed) reactor are
used.
• For high mass transfer plug flow (packed bed) reactor
will be used.
13. Parallel rxns (competing rxns)Parallel rxns (competing rxns)
B
A
C
Series rxns (consecutive rxns)Series rxns (consecutive rxns)
A B C
Complex rxns (Parallel + Series rxns)Complex rxns (Parallel + Series rxns)
A + B C + D
A + C E
Independent rxnsIndependent rxns
A B + C
D E + F
k1
k2
k1 k2
k1
k2
k1
k2
Definition of Multiple Reaction
14. Different reactors and schemes for maximizing the desired productDifferent reactors and schemes for maximizing the desired product
A
B
A
B A
B
B
A
A
B
(a) CSTR (b) tubular reactor (c ) batch (d) semi-batch 1 (e) semi-batch 2
A
B
A
B
(f) Tubular reactor with side streams (g) Tubular reactor with side streams
A
B
(i) Tubular reactor with recycle (h) Series of small CSTRs
B
A
Figure 6-3Figure 6-3
15. Figure 6-3Figure 6-3
Different reactors and schemes for maximizing the desired productDifferent reactors and schemes for maximizing the desired product
16. Example 6-3: Minimizing unwanted products for two reactantsExample 6-3: Minimizing unwanted products for two reactants
for the parallel reaction
D (Desired Product)
A + B
U (Undesired Product)
Case I : α1 > α2, β1 > β2, a = α1-α2 > 0, b = β1-β2 > 0
the rate selectivity parameter
k1
k2
b
B
a
A
U
D
DU CC
k
k
r
r
S
2
1
==
To maximize the SDU, maintain the concentration of both A and B as high as possible
a tubular reactor (Figure 6.3 (b))a tubular reactor (Figure 6.3 (b))
a batch reactor (Figure 6.3 (c))a batch reactor (Figure 6.3 (c))
high pressures (if gas phase), reduce inerthigh pressures (if gas phase), reduce inert
17. Example 6-3: Minimizing unwanted products for two reactantsExample 6-3: Minimizing unwanted products for two reactants
for the parallel reaction
D (Desired Product)
A + B
U (Undesired Product)
Case II : α1 > α2, β1 < β2, a = α1-α2 > 0, b = β2-β1 > 0
the rate selectivity parameter
k1
k2
b
B
a
A
U
D
DU
Ck
Ck
r
r
S
2
1
==
To maximize the SDU, maintain CA high and CB low.
a semibatch reactor in which B is fed slowly into A.a semibatch reactor in which B is fed slowly into A.
a tubular reactor with side stream of B continuallya tubular reactor with side stream of B continually
a series of small CSTRs with A fed only to the first reactora series of small CSTRs with A fed only to the first reactor
18. Example 6-3: Minimizing unwanted products for two reactantsExample 6-3: Minimizing unwanted products for two reactants
for the parallel reaction
D (Desired Product)
A + B
U (Undesired Product)
Case III : α1 < α2, β1 < β2, a = α2-α1 > 0, b = β2-β1 > 0
the rate selectivity parameter
k1
k2
b
B
a
AU
D
DU
CCk
k
r
r
S
2
1
==
To maximize the SDU, maintain the concentration of both A and B as low as possible
a CSTRa CSTR
a tubular reactor in which there is a large recycle ratioa tubular reactor in which there is a large recycle ratio
a feed diluted with inert materiala feed diluted with inert material
low pressures (if gas phase)low pressures (if gas phase)
19. Example 6-3: Minimizing unwanted products for two reactantsExample 6-3: Minimizing unwanted products for two reactants
for the parallel reaction
D (Desired Product)
A + B
U (Undesired Product)
Case IV : α1 < α2, β1 > β2, a = α2-α1 > 0, b = β1-β2 > 0
the rate selectivity parameter
k1
k2
a
A
b
B
U
D
DU
Ck
Ck
r
r
S
2
1
==
To maximize the SDU, maintain the concentration of both A and B as high as possible
20. In parallel rxns, maximize the desired product
by adjusting the reaction conditions
by choosing the proper reactor
In series rxns, maximize the desired product
by adjusting the space-time for a flow reactor
by choosing real-time for a batch reactor
Maximizing the desired product in series reaction
k1 k2
A B C
21. If the first reaction is slow and second reaction is fast, it will be
extremely difficult to produce species B.
If the first reaction (formation of B) is fast and the reaction to form C is
slow, a large yield of B can be achieved.
However, if the reaction is allowed to proceed for a long time in a
batch reactor or if the tubular flow reactor is too long, the desired product
B will be converted to C.
In no other type reaction is exactness in the calculation of the time
needed to carry out the reaction more important than in series reactions.
Maximizing the desired product in series reaction
k1 k2
A B C
Desired Product
22. Reaction paths for different ks in series reactionReaction paths for different ks in series reaction
A B C
k1 k2
1
1~
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
<
>
k
k
k
k
k
k
A C
B
'
1τ
'
2τ
For k1/k2>1, a
Large quantity of B
Can be obtained
For k1/k2<1, a
Little quantity of B
Can be obtained 1st rxn is slow
2nd
rxn is fast
'
3τ
Long rxn time in batch or long tubular reactor
-> B will be converted to C
23. Multiple reactions in a CSTRMultiple reactions in a CSTR
For a CSTR, a coupled set of algebraic eqns analogous to PFR differential eqns must be solved.
Rearranging yields where
After writing a mole balance on each species in the reaction set, we substitute for concentrations
in the respective rate laws.
If there is no volume change with reaction, we use concentrations, Cj, as variables.
If the reactions are gas-phase and there is volume change, we use molar flow rates, Fj as
variables.
q reactions in gas-phase with N different species to be solved
j
jj
r
FF
V
−
−
=
0
VrFF jjj −=−0 ),...,,( 2
1
1 N
q
i
jijj CCCfrr ∑=
==−
⋅⋅⋅⋅=−=−
⋅⋅⋅⋅=−=−
⋅⋅⋅⋅=−=−=− ∑=
00
1
0
00
1
0
1
00
1
111110
,,
,,
,,
T
T
N
T
T
NNNN
T
T
N
T
T
jjjj
q
i
T
T
N
T
T
i
C
F
F
C
F
F
fVVrFF
C
F
F
C
F
F
fVVrFF
C
F
F
C
F
F
fVrVVrFF