In this topic we have discussed working principle of a Batch Reactor. We've also discussed its kinetics like its Rate equation, Material and Energy balance. Its Design steps also have been discussed.
PDC Presentation on Topic of the Batch Reactors. This Presentation will save ur Lots of Time and Effort if you are Lucky One to Have this as ur ALA Topic.. Kudos Guys
In this topic we have discussed working principle of a Batch Reactor. We've also discussed its kinetics like its Rate equation, Material and Energy balance. Its Design steps also have been discussed.
PDC Presentation on Topic of the Batch Reactors. This Presentation will save ur Lots of Time and Effort if you are Lucky One to Have this as ur ALA Topic.. Kudos Guys
A fluidized bed reactor (FBR) is a type of reactor device that can be used to carry out a variety of multiphase chemical reactions.
In this type of reactor, a fluid (gas or liquid) is passed through a solid granular material (usually a catalyst possibly shaped as tiny spheres) at high enough velocities to suspend the solid and cause it to behave as though it were a fluid.
This process, known as fluidization, imparts many important advantages to the FBR.
As a result, the fluidized bed reactor is now used in many industrial applications
It is an efficient reactor that predict the chemical reaction process and the factors affecting the reaction. It is an perfect evaluation technique employed to measure the chemical reaction and its associated parameters affecting the reaction
This presentation gives all the required information about pack bed bioreactor, including, advantages, disadvantages, applications and even how to overcome the disadvantages. Packed bed bioreactor is the major type of bioreactor used in waste water treatment as it involves the usage of catalyst. There are different types of packed bed bioreactors and they are used according to the desired product. There is picture representation and also tabular form of differentiation.
I have also mentioned the references at the end.
Fluidized Bed Reactor - Basic Mechanism, Mass Transfer in Fluidized Beds, Reaction Behaviour in a Fluidized Bed, Mole Balance on the Bubble, the Cloud, and the Emulsion, Advantages & Disadvantages, Current Applications of FBR.
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This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
Chemical reaction engineering is that engineering activity which is concerned with the exploitation of chemical reactions on commercial scale.
The areas of different fields of science like:
Oil Refining
Pharmaceuticals
Biotechnology
Chemical Industries
Sustainable Development
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
A fluidized bed reactor (FBR) is a type of reactor device that can be used to carry out a variety of multiphase chemical reactions.
In this type of reactor, a fluid (gas or liquid) is passed through a solid granular material (usually a catalyst possibly shaped as tiny spheres) at high enough velocities to suspend the solid and cause it to behave as though it were a fluid.
This process, known as fluidization, imparts many important advantages to the FBR.
As a result, the fluidized bed reactor is now used in many industrial applications
It is an efficient reactor that predict the chemical reaction process and the factors affecting the reaction. It is an perfect evaluation technique employed to measure the chemical reaction and its associated parameters affecting the reaction
This presentation gives all the required information about pack bed bioreactor, including, advantages, disadvantages, applications and even how to overcome the disadvantages. Packed bed bioreactor is the major type of bioreactor used in waste water treatment as it involves the usage of catalyst. There are different types of packed bed bioreactors and they are used according to the desired product. There is picture representation and also tabular form of differentiation.
I have also mentioned the references at the end.
Fluidized Bed Reactor - Basic Mechanism, Mass Transfer in Fluidized Beds, Reaction Behaviour in a Fluidized Bed, Mole Balance on the Bubble, the Cloud, and the Emulsion, Advantages & Disadvantages, Current Applications of FBR.
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This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
Chemical reaction engineering is that engineering activity which is concerned with the exploitation of chemical reactions on commercial scale.
The areas of different fields of science like:
Oil Refining
Pharmaceuticals
Biotechnology
Chemical Industries
Sustainable Development
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
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eactores Discontinuos o Batch: Son recipientes con agitación en el cual se cargan los reactivos y se descargan una vez la reacción ha finalizado. Se caracterizan por no trabajar en condiciones estacionarias. Tanto la temperatura como las composiciones varían constantemente.
This is the powerpoint file of the reactor design that was assigned to me during my final year design project. I solved the rate equations in MATLAB to calculate the reactor volume.
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
Ergonomics - occupational health and safetyIhsan Wassan
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What is Ergonomics?
Why Ergonomics emerged?
Why ergonomics is important?
Types of Ergonomics
Objectives of Ergonomics
Effects of Ergonomics
Ergonomics Risk Factors
Preventing and Minimizing injuries
Anthropometry ?
Ergonomics principles
Ergonomics solutions
Advantages of Ergonomics
Conclusion
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A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb). Both bomb types release large quantities of energy from relatively small amounts of matter.
Today, nine states have nuclear weapons and many more can easily acquire those, although only five states are officially recognized as possessing nuclear weapons by the 1968 nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Those are
• The United States (1945)
• Russia (1949)
• The United Kingdom (1952)
• France (1960) and
• China (1964)
Four states never joined the NPT but are known to possess nuclear weapons:
• Israel
• India (1974)
• Pakistan (1998) and
• North Korea (2006)
Dyes are colored organic compounds that are used to impart color to various substrates, including paper, leather, fur, hair, drugs, cosmetics, waxes, greases, plastics and textile materials.
whereas pigments are organic and inorganic materials which are practically insoluble in medium in which they are incorporated.
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The C++ programming language has a history going back to 1979, when Bjarne Stroustrup was doing work for his Ph.D. thesis. One of the languages Stroustrup had the opportunity to work with was a language called Simula, which as the name implies is a language primarily designed for simulations.
AIChE is the global home of chemical engineers. No matter where you live and work, you can rely on AIChE for the technical information, education, training, career resources and other advantages you need to achieve your goals for the life of your career.
A Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) study is a structured and systematic examination of a planned or existing process or operation in order to identify and evaluate problems that may represent risks to personnel or equipment, or prevent efficient operation.
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In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
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This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
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The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
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The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
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It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
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The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
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Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.
Types of reactor
1. Types of Reactor
Ihsan Wassan
U.S –PAKISTAN CENTER FOR ADVANCED STUDIES IN WATER
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
JAMSHORO, SINDH
2. Contents
• Reactor – Introduction
• Different types of Reactors
• CSTR Modeling
• Example - sizing a CSTR
3. Reactor – Introduction
• Chemical kinetics is the study of chemical reaction rates and reaction
mechanisms.
• The study of chemical reaction engineering (CRE) combines the study of
chemical kinetics with the reactors in which the reactions occur.
• A reactor is the vessel, tank or cylinder in which chemical reaction takes
place.
4. Types of Reactors
• Batch reactors (stirred tanks)
• Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR)
• Plug Flow Reactor (PFR)
• Fixed Bed Reactor
• Fluidized bed Reactor (FBR)
6. Batch reactors (Stirred Tanks)
• Batch reactor is the generic term for a type of vessel (cylinder
tank)widely used in process industries.
• A typical batch rector consists of a tank with an agitator and integral
heating/ cooling system.
• Heating/cooling uses jacketed walls, internal coil and internal tube.
7. Batch reactors (Stirred Tanks)
Advantages:
• Batch reactors can be stopped between batches,
so the production rate is flexible.
• More flexible, one can use easily
• If process degrades the reactor in some way, a
batch reactor can be cleaned, relined etc.
• Batch reactor often achieve better quality than a
plug flow reactor and also better productivity
than CSTR.
Fig. Simple batch homogenous reactor
8. Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
• In CSTR one or more fluid reagents are
introduced into the tank reactor equipped with
an impeller.
• The impeller stirs the reagent to ensure proper
mixing.
• A steady state the flow rate in must equal the
mass flow rate out, likewise the tank will
overflow or go empty (transition state)
• All calculations in CSTRs assume perfect mixing
• Reaction rate associated with the final output
concentration
• It can be seen hat infinite number of small CSTR
operating in series would be equivalent to a PFR.
Fig. CSTR
9. Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
Kind of
phase
present
Usage Advantages Disadvantages
1. Liquid 1. When agitation required
1. Continuous
operation
1. Lowes conversion
per volume
2. Gas-
liquid
2. Series configuration for
different Concentrations
streams
2. Good temperature
control
2. By-passing and
channeling possible
with poor agitation
3. Solid-
Liquid
3. Easy adapts to two
phase runs
4. Good control
5. Simplicity of
construction
6. Low operating
(labor) cost
7. Easy to clean
Advantages and disadvantages
10. Plug Flow Reactor
• Each and every particle having same residence time, back mixing not
allowed in PFR
• PFR model is used to describe chemical reaction in continuous,
flowing systems.
• PFR sometimes called Continues tubular reactors (CTRs)
• PFR model works well for many fluids: liquids, gases and slurries.
• Fluid flow is sometimes turbulent flow or axial diffusion.
• PFR can be used to multiple reactions as well as reactions involving
changing temperatures, pressures and densities of flow.
• Used for large scale fast reactions, homogenous and heterogenous
reactions, continuous production and high temperature reactions.
11. Plug Flow Reactor
Advantages
• PFR have high volumetric unit conversion
• Run for long period of time without labor
• Excellent heat transfer
Disadvantages:
• Temperatures are hard to control
• Maintenance is expensive
• Shutdown and cleaning may be expensive
12. Fixed Bed Reactor
• Solids take part in reaction
• Unsteady or semi-batch mode
• Over sometime solids either replaced or regenerated
Fig. Simple fixed bed reactor
13. Fluidized Bed Reactor
• Fluidized bed reactors can be used to carryout a variety of multiphase
chemical reactions.
• In this type of reactor, a fluid (gas or liquid) is passed through a granular
solid material (usually a catalyst possible shaped as tiny spheres) at high
enough velocity to suspend the solid.
Advantages:
• Uniform particle mixing
• Uniform temperature
• Ability to operate reactor in continuous state
Fig. Fluidized bed reactor
14. Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR)
When the general mole balance equation
is applied to a CSTR operated at steady state (i.e., conditions do not change with
time),
in which there are no spatial variations in the rate of reaction (i.e., perfect mixing),
15. it takes the familiar form known as the design equation for a CSTR:
• The CSTR design equation gives the reactor volume V necessary to reduce the entering
flow rate of species j, from Fj0, to the exit flow rate Fj, when species j is disappearing
at a rate of -rj.
• We note that the CSTR is modeled such that the conditions in the exit stream (e.g..
concentration, temperature) are identical to those in the tank. The molar flow rate Fj
is just the product of the concentration of species j and the volumetric flow rate u
------------------ eq (1)
------------------ eq (2)
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
The algebraic form of CSTR
16. • Consequently. we could combine Equations (1) and ( 2) to write a balance on species A
as
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
------------------ eq (3)
17. CSTR Modeling
• Recall that the CSTR is modeled as being we11 mixed such that there are no
spatial variations in the reactor.
• The CSTR mole balance, Equation ( 1), when applied to species A in the
reaction
can he arranged to
We now substitute for FA in terns of FAO and X
------------------ eq (4)
------------------ eq (5)
------------------ eq (6)
18. CSTR Modeling (continue. )
• and then substitute Equation (6) into (5)
Simplifying, we see the CSTR volume necessary to achieve a specified conversion
X is
Because the reactor is perfectly mixed.
------------------ eq (7)
------------------ eq (8)
19. Example - Sizing a CSTR
The reaction described by the data in the table
is to be carried out in CSTR. Species A enters
the reactor at a molar flow rate of 0.4 moles/
sec.
Using the data from table 1, table 2 or Figure 1.
calculate the volume necessary to achieve 80%
conversion in a CSTR.
Figure 1
22. Solution - Sizing a CSTR
• The following equation gives the volume of a CSTR as a function of FA0, X and
–rA.
• In a CSTR, the composition, temperature, and conversion of the effluent stream
are identical to that of the fluid within the reactor, because perfect mixing is
assumed. Therefore, we need to find the value of -rA (or reciprocal thereof) at X
= 0.8.
• From either Table 2 or Figure 1- , we see that when X = 0.8, then
------------------ eq (9)
23. Solution - Sizing a CSTR (continue.)
Substituting value in eq (9) for an entering molar flow rate FA0, of 0.4 mol A/s
and X = 0.8, we get