The document discusses the four main types of macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It provides details about each macromolecule group, including their monomers, polymers, chemical composition, functions in living things, and examples. Macromolecules are large molecules formed from combinations of smaller molecular units (monomers) that join together in chains (polymers). The four groups are distinguished based on their chemical makeup and roles in structures, energy storage, synthesis, and heredity.
Grade 9 Biology: Building Blocks of Life. A introduction to the major macromolecules of the cell. Students are taught polymers, monomers, and the elements typically found in each. Students should be able to identify the basic chemical structure of proteins, lipids, carbohydrate, and nucleic acids and know their basic functions within the cell.
HSSC Second year Chemistry course slides for Federal Board Pakistan, lectures by Dr. Raja Hashim Ali (also available on Youtube as a series of video lectures).
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCfCZszhGHBfsPBH3CJVP_tEKDdynNFbo
Grade 9 Biology: Building Blocks of Life. A introduction to the major macromolecules of the cell. Students are taught polymers, monomers, and the elements typically found in each. Students should be able to identify the basic chemical structure of proteins, lipids, carbohydrate, and nucleic acids and know their basic functions within the cell.
HSSC Second year Chemistry course slides for Federal Board Pakistan, lectures by Dr. Raja Hashim Ali (also available on Youtube as a series of video lectures).
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCfCZszhGHBfsPBH3CJVP_tEKDdynNFbo
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2. What is organic chemistry?
Organic Chemistry is the study of compounds
that contain bonds with carbon atoms.
All living things contain the element carbon.
3. What’s The big Deal About Carbon?
No other element comes close to matching
carbon’s versatility!
These Mighty Atoms:
• Can form millions of different
large and complex structures.
• Easily Bond with elements and
each other
• Can form chains and rings.
• Can form single, double, or triple
bonds
Benzene
4. Macromolecules
AKA Organic molecules or biomolecules
Macromolecules are large organic compounds formed from
hundreds or thousands of smaller molecules.
• Small molecules that join together are monomers. (mono
means “one”). Monomers are like links in a chain.
• When monomers join together they form long polymers.
(poly means “many). Polymers are chains of monomers.
5. Polymers
Think of polymers as a beaded necklace. Like the different
beads on this necklace, polymers can be made from different
monomers.
How many different “monomers” make up this necklace?
6
6. What are the groups of
macromolecules?
Macromolecules in living
things are grouped based on
their chemical compositions
4 Main Macromolecules are:
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids
7. CARBOHYDRATES!
AKA: Sugars and Starches
Usually colorless, water soluble, and
crystalized.
Composed of: Carbon, Hydrogen, and
Oxygen Atoms (CHO)
Monomer: Monosaccharaides
Polymer: Disaccharides and
Polysaccharides
8. CARBOHYDRATES!
Carbohydrates are classified in groups
based on number of different molecules.
1 Molecule - Monosaccharaide
2 Molecules - Disaccharides
3 or More Molecules – Polysaccharides
9. Functions of CARBOHYDRATES
1. Readily Available Source of
Short Term Energy. QUICK!
2. Energy Storage
• Glycogen stores energy in animals
-liver and muscle cells
• Starch stores energy in plants
3. Structural
Cell Walls in Bacteria and Plants
Exoskeletons of Insects, Arthropods, and Crustaceans.
12. Lipids!
AKA: Fats, Oils, and Waxes
Composed of: Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms (CHO)
Monomer: Fatty Acids & Glycerol
Polymer: Fats, Oils, Waxes
Functions:
• Stores Energy in Long Term
• Make Up Cell Membranes
• Steroids
Examples:
• Fats & Oils: Energy Storage
• Waxes: Repel Water
• Steroids: Cholesterol, Sex Hormones, and Cortisol
• Phospholipid Cell Membranes: Protect and Regulate Cell Homeostasis
**Lipids are generally NOT soluble in water.**
13. Polymer:
Phospholipids
• Make up cell membranes.
• Phospholipids pair up to
create a protective
phospholipid bilayer. By bradleyhintz
14. Proteins
The Most Diverse
Macromolecule Group
Composed of: Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, and Nitrogen Atoms (CHON)
Monomer: Amino Acids
Polymer: Polypeptide
Functions:
• Form Cell Structures
• Transport Substances In and Out of
Cells
• Enzymes control the rate of reactions
• Hormones to Regulate Cell Processes
• Defense Against Disease (antibodies)
All Amino Acids
Contain an Amino
Group & Carboxyl
Group
Enzymes Control
Reaction Rates
15. Protein structure and function
Amino acids link together to form a polypeptide.
About 20 Amino Acids are found in nature.
A protein is built from one or more polypeptides.
Formed by RNA
16. Nucleic Acids!
Composed Of: Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus
(CHONPS)
Monomer: Nucleotides
Polymer: Nucleic Acids
Functions:
• Store and Transmit Hereditary or
Genetic Information - DNA
• Protein Synthesis – RNA (LOOK UP SYNTHESIS in GLOSSARY!!)
17. CHONP! Nucleic acids
Nucleic Acids that make up DNA and RNA
are made of 3 parts:
1. Monosaccharide:
• DNA- deoxyribose
• RNA- ribose
2. Phosphate Group
3. Nitrogenous Base
• cytosine, guanine,
adenine, thymine, uracil