COVID-19: Biology, Transmission, and Detection
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A short PowerPoint for those interested in learning more about the biology of SARS-CoV-2, how it is transmitted, and what are the current methods of detection. This PowerPoint also demonstrates how we can begin to teach about SARS-CoV-2 in our classrooms.
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Gene therapy involves introducing genes into cells to treat disease. The first approved gene therapy treated a girl named Ashanti DeSilva for ADA-SCID in 1990. There are two main types: somatic cell gene therapy targets body cells and is not inherited, while germline gene therapy targets germ cells and is inherited. Gene therapy holds promise for treating genetic diseases but also faces challenges in achieving long-term effects, immune responses, and ethical concerns.
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Genetic engineering involves directly manipulating genes, often by adding a gene from another species to an organism's genome. This is done through recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology, which combines DNA sequences artificially. A key part of the process is using restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites, then inserting the cut DNA fragment into a vector like a plasmid for replication in a host cell. The engineered DNA is then introduced into host cells, and cells containing the new DNA are identified and isolated through markers on the vector.
Genetic engineering,recombinant DNA technology..
1) In 1996, scientists in Edinburgh announced the creation of Dolly the sheep, the first mammal cloned from an adult cell.
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Lecture 11 Recombinant Dna Tech
1. Recombinant DNA technology involves manipulating DNA from different species and combining them to form new recombinant DNA molecules.
2. Key steps include using restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites, and DNA ligase to join DNA fragments together into vectors like plasmids.
3. The recombinant DNA can then be replicated in host cells like bacteria to produce multiple copies for analysis.
Recombinant dna technology (1) (1)
This document provides an overview of recombinant DNA technology. It defines recombinant DNA technology as procedures that allow DNA from different species to be isolated, cut, and spliced together to form new recombinant molecules. The key steps described are using restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites, inserting genes into bacterial plasmids, transforming bacteria, replicating the recombinant DNA as the bacteria divide, and collecting the amplified genes. Applications discussed include producing insulin, vaccines, human growth hormones, diagnosing infectious diseases, developing novel crop varieties, and industrial strain improvement.
history of recombinant DNA technology
Recombinant DNA technology involves combining DNA from different species and inserting it into a host organism. Major breakthroughs in the 1960s and 1970s included the discovery of restriction enzymes and reverse transcriptase, which allowed scientists to generate recombinant DNA molecules. This led to important applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry, such as the development of insulin produced through recombinant DNA in 1979. The technology has continued advancing, with achievements like the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1997 and approval of drugs produced through recombinant DNA like Cinqair for treating asthma.
R dna technology
Recombinant DNA technology involves combining DNA segments to form new DNA molecules. In 1973, scientists Boyer and Cohen developed the technique by inserting DNA into a vector molecule that can then be introduced into host cells to replicate. This allows for large-scale production of human proteins in bacteria, such as insulin, growth hormones, and blood clotting factors. Safety measures like physical and biological containment are used to prevent accidental release of recombinant bacteria. While offering medical benefits, recombinant DNA technology does pose risks that must be carefully managed.
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Lgis gene therapy
Gene therapy involves introducing genes into cells to treat disease. The first approved gene therapy treated a girl named Ashanti DeSilva for ADA-SCID in 1990. There are two main types: somatic cell gene therapy targets body cells and is not inherited, while germline gene therapy targets germ cells and is inherited. Gene therapy holds promise for treating genetic diseases but also faces challenges in achieving long-term effects, immune responses, and ethical concerns.
Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering involves directly manipulating genes, often by adding a gene from another species to an organism's genome. This is done through recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology, which combines DNA sequences artificially. A key part of the process is using restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites, then inserting the cut DNA fragment into a vector like a plasmid for replication in a host cell. The engineered DNA is then introduced into host cells, and cells containing the new DNA are identified and isolated through markers on the vector.
Genetic engineering,recombinant DNA technology..
1) In 1996, scientists in Edinburgh announced the creation of Dolly the sheep, the first mammal cloned from an adult cell.
2) Dolly's birth sparked debate around the controversial technique of cloning and its potential application to humans.
3) In 2001, scientists in Texas cloned the world's first kitten, named Cc, using a cell from an adult tortoiseshell cat. The kitten was unveiled in 2002.
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This document discusses recombinant DNA technology and its applications. It begins with an introduction to recombinant DNA technology and its history. It then describes the tools and enzymes used, including restriction enzymes, DNA ligase, reverse transcriptase, and DNA polymerase. Various vectors like bacterial plasmids and bacteriophages are also discussed. The document outlines several applications such as monoclonal antibody production, disease diagnosis, DNA fingerprinting, environmental uses, gene therapy, and xenotransplantation. In summary, the document provides an overview of the key concepts, techniques, and uses of recombinant DNA technology.
Lecture 11 Recombinant Dna Tech
1. Recombinant DNA technology involves manipulating DNA from different species and combining them to form new recombinant DNA molecules.
2. Key steps include using restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites, and DNA ligase to join DNA fragments together into vectors like plasmids.
3. The recombinant DNA can then be replicated in host cells like bacteria to produce multiple copies for analysis.
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This document provides an overview of recombinant DNA technology. It defines recombinant DNA technology as procedures that allow DNA from different species to be isolated, cut, and spliced together to form new recombinant molecules. The key steps described are using restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites, inserting genes into bacterial plasmids, transforming bacteria, replicating the recombinant DNA as the bacteria divide, and collecting the amplified genes. Applications discussed include producing insulin, vaccines, human growth hormones, diagnosing infectious diseases, developing novel crop varieties, and industrial strain improvement.
history of recombinant DNA technology
Recombinant DNA technology involves combining DNA from different species and inserting it into a host organism. Major breakthroughs in the 1960s and 1970s included the discovery of restriction enzymes and reverse transcriptase, which allowed scientists to generate recombinant DNA molecules. This led to important applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry, such as the development of insulin produced through recombinant DNA in 1979. The technology has continued advancing, with achievements like the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1997 and approval of drugs produced through recombinant DNA like Cinqair for treating asthma.
R dna technology
Recombinant DNA technology involves combining DNA segments to form new DNA molecules. In 1973, scientists Boyer and Cohen developed the technique by inserting DNA into a vector molecule that can then be introduced into host cells to replicate. This allows for large-scale production of human proteins in bacteria, such as insulin, growth hormones, and blood clotting factors. Safety measures like physical and biological containment are used to prevent accidental release of recombinant bacteria. While offering medical benefits, recombinant DNA technology does pose risks that must be carefully managed.
principle and applications of recombinant DNA technology
Recombinant DNA technology involves combining DNA sequences from different species that would not normally occur together to create artificial DNA and alter the genetics of living cells. There are three main methods to create recombinant DNA - transformation, phage introduction, and non-bacterial transformation. Transformation involves selecting a DNA fragment, inserting it into a vector, and introducing the vector into a host cell like E. coli. Recombinant DNA technology has many applications, including producing proteins and hormones, disease diagnosis and treatment, genetically engineering plants, and forensic analysis.
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A brief description of how recombinant DNA technology help us in various fields of life and how it had opened a wide area of research.
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Recombinant DNA technology involves joining DNA fragments from different organisms to produce new genetic combinations. It was developed in the 1970s using restriction enzymes, which cut DNA at specific sites. DNA is isolated, cut, and inserted into vectors like plasmids or bacteria, then inserted into host cells. Applications include forensic analysis by matching crime scene DNA to databases, agriculture, diagnosing genetic diseases, and the Human Genome Project, which sequenced the entire human genome in 2001 and revealed insights about human genetics and evolution.
Lecture presentation on r dna technology
Gene cloning involves inserting foreign DNA into bacterial plasmids. Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sites, creating sticky or blunt ends. Plasmids can replicate independently and accept foreign DNA fragments. The recombinant plasmid is inserted into bacteria via transformation or electroporation. Transformed bacteria are selected using antibiotics or blue-white screening to identify those containing the recombinant plasmid, allowing mass production of the cloned gene.
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This document discusses recombinant DNA technology and its applications. It summarizes that Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen developed recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s, showing that genetically engineered DNA molecules can be cloned in foreign cells. It then provides examples of how recombinant DNA technology is used in agriculture, medicine, and industry for purposes such as producing important proteins and antibiotics, developing disease-resistant crops, and diagnosing diseases.
Recombinant DNA or rDNA
Recombinant DNA refers to DNA molecules formed by combining DNA from different sources. It is produced artificially by joining DNA from different organisms. The pioneers who developed recombinant DNA technology were Paul Berg, Herbert Boyer, and Stanley Cohen in the 1970s. The process involves using restriction enzymes to cut DNA fragments, which are then joined to vector DNA and inserted into host cells where they can be replicated. This allows scientists to modify genes and study their functions.
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Recombinant DNA technology uses restriction enzymes and other tools to combine DNA fragments from different sources and insert them into vectors like plasmids. This allows genes to be cloned and mass produced. Key applications include producing human insulin to treat diabetes, vaccines like for hepatitis B, and gene therapy. Plasmids are commonly used vectors that are small, self-replicating DNA molecules found in bacteria. They contain origins of replication, antibiotic resistance genes as selectable markers, and sites for inserting foreign DNA. Recombinant DNA technology has proven important for developing medical treatments and furthering pharmaceutical research.
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Recombinant DNA technology involves introducing genes of interest into the genome of an organism using genetic engineering techniques. This is done by cutting DNA fragments using restriction enzymes, joining the fragments to a vector plasmid, and introducing the recombinant DNA or rDNA into a host cell. The host cell then replicates and produces multiple copies of the rDNA. This allows genes from one species to be introduced into another, such as joining human DNA to E. coli bacteria. The rDNA can then be used to produce beneficial proteins and genetically modified organisms.
Recent advancement recombinant dna technology
Recombinant DNA technology has led to many advancements in medicine and biotechnology. Key developments include:
1. The production of human insulin through recombinant DNA techniques, approved for use in 1982. This provided an effective treatment for diabetes and was the first commercial product of rDNA technology.
2. Vaccines produced using recombinant DNA techniques, such as vaccines for hepatitis B. This involves inserting the gene for the hepatitis B surface antigen protein into yeast which then produces the protein for the vaccine.
3. Production of other proteins through recombinant DNA like cytokines and interferons, which help modulate the immune system and can be used as treatments for various conditions. Overall, recombinant DNA technology has generated many commercially useful proteins and
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Genetic engineering involves direct manipulation of an organism's DNA. It has applications in medicine, agriculture, pollution control and more. Key techniques include isolating genes, manipulating DNA through cloning and PCR, and reintroducing DNA into organisms. This allows transferring genes between species to produce transgenic plants and animals with desired traits. While it promises medical benefits, ethical issues around patenting life and unintended consequences require consideration.
Host cell and vectors
This document discusses host cells and vectors used in gene cloning. It describes various prokaryotic and eukaryotic host cells, including E. coli, yeast, and mammalian cells. It also discusses the key features and types of vectors, including plasmids, bacteriophages, cosmids, and phagemids. Plasmids are the most commonly used prokaryotic vectors and come in various types including low-copy and high-copy plasmids. Common plasmid vectors discussed include pBR322, pUC18, and commercially available vectors. Bacteriophages like lambda phage and M13 phage are also described as viral vectors.
SKV rDNA Technology & Hybridoma Technology
The content is about the general description of genetic material and further two techniques of biotechnology. The content includes two topics.
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The document provides an overview of genetic engineering and its history. It discusses the basics of genetic engineering, which involves isolating and copying genetic material of interest using molecular cloning methods and inserting new DNA into the host genome. The history of genetic engineering is then explored, from early discoveries like Mendel's work with inheritance in peas to more modern developments like recombinant DNA techniques, PCR, and the creation of the first transgenic animal. A number of influential scientists in the field are also highlighted. The document aims to inform the reader about genetic engineering, related techniques, and its progression over time.
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principle and applications of recombinant DNA technology
Recombinant DNA technology involves combining DNA sequences from different species that would not normally occur together to create artificial DNA and alter the genetics of living cells. There are three main methods to create recombinant DNA - transformation, phage introduction, and non-bacterial transformation. Transformation involves selecting a DNA fragment, inserting it into a vector, and introducing the vector into a host cell like E. coli. Recombinant DNA technology has many applications, including producing proteins and hormones, disease diagnosis and treatment, genetically engineering plants, and forensic analysis.
Potential of recombinant dna technology
A brief description of how recombinant DNA technology help us in various fields of life and how it had opened a wide area of research.
Genetic engineering principle, tools, techniques, types and application
Basic principles of genetic engineering.
Study of cloning vectors, restriction endonucleases and DNA ligase.
Recombinant DNA technology. Application of genetic engineering in medicine.
Application of r DNA technology and genetic engineering in the products:
a. Interferon
b. Vaccines- hepatitis- B
c. Hormones- Insulin.
Polymerase chain reaction
Brief introduction to PCR
Basic principles of PCR
Recombinant DNA Technology, Forensic DNA Analysis and Human Genome Project
Recombinant DNA technology involves joining DNA fragments from different organisms to produce new genetic combinations. It was developed in the 1970s using restriction enzymes, which cut DNA at specific sites. DNA is isolated, cut, and inserted into vectors like plasmids or bacteria, then inserted into host cells. Applications include forensic analysis by matching crime scene DNA to databases, agriculture, diagnosing genetic diseases, and the Human Genome Project, which sequenced the entire human genome in 2001 and revealed insights about human genetics and evolution.
Lecture presentation on r dna technology
Gene cloning involves inserting foreign DNA into bacterial plasmids. Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sites, creating sticky or blunt ends. Plasmids can replicate independently and accept foreign DNA fragments. The recombinant plasmid is inserted into bacteria via transformation or electroporation. Transformed bacteria are selected using antibiotics or blue-white screening to identify those containing the recombinant plasmid, allowing mass production of the cloned gene.
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS
This document discusses recombinant DNA technology and its applications. It summarizes that Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen developed recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s, showing that genetically engineered DNA molecules can be cloned in foreign cells. It then provides examples of how recombinant DNA technology is used in agriculture, medicine, and industry for purposes such as producing important proteins and antibiotics, developing disease-resistant crops, and diagnosing diseases.
Recombinant DNA or rDNA
Recombinant DNA refers to DNA molecules formed by combining DNA from different sources. It is produced artificially by joining DNA from different organisms. The pioneers who developed recombinant DNA technology were Paul Berg, Herbert Boyer, and Stanley Cohen in the 1970s. The process involves using restriction enzymes to cut DNA fragments, which are then joined to vector DNA and inserted into host cells where they can be replicated. This allows scientists to modify genes and study their functions.
R dna technology, biotechnology
Recombinant DNA technology uses restriction enzymes and other tools to combine DNA fragments from different sources and insert them into vectors like plasmids. This allows genes to be cloned and mass produced. Key applications include producing human insulin to treat diabetes, vaccines like for hepatitis B, and gene therapy. Plasmids are commonly used vectors that are small, self-replicating DNA molecules found in bacteria. They contain origins of replication, antibiotic resistance genes as selectable markers, and sites for inserting foreign DNA. Recombinant DNA technology has proven important for developing medical treatments and furthering pharmaceutical research.
Construction of rDNA molecules and bacterial transformation
Recombinant DNA technology involves introducing genes of interest into the genome of an organism using genetic engineering techniques. This is done by cutting DNA fragments using restriction enzymes, joining the fragments to a vector plasmid, and introducing the recombinant DNA or rDNA into a host cell. The host cell then replicates and produces multiple copies of the rDNA. This allows genes from one species to be introduced into another, such as joining human DNA to E. coli bacteria. The rDNA can then be used to produce beneficial proteins and genetically modified organisms.
Recent advancement recombinant dna technology
Recombinant DNA technology has led to many advancements in medicine and biotechnology. Key developments include:
1. The production of human insulin through recombinant DNA techniques, approved for use in 1982. This provided an effective treatment for diabetes and was the first commercial product of rDNA technology.
2. Vaccines produced using recombinant DNA techniques, such as vaccines for hepatitis B. This involves inserting the gene for the hepatitis B surface antigen protein into yeast which then produces the protein for the vaccine.
3. Production of other proteins through recombinant DNA like cytokines and interferons, which help modulate the immune system and can be used as treatments for various conditions. Overall, recombinant DNA technology has generated many commercially useful proteins and
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Recombinant DNA technology involves linking DNA fragments to self-replicating vectors to create recombinant DNA molecules, which are then replicated in a host cell. DNA is cut with restriction enzymes, isolated, and ligated into a cloning vector before being transformed into a host cell. Recombinant DNA technology is widely used in biotechnology, medicine, and research for applications such as producing insulin, developing drought-resistant crops, and creating recombinant vaccines.
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Genetic engineering involves direct manipulation of an organism's DNA. It has applications in medicine, agriculture, pollution control and more. Key techniques include isolating genes, manipulating DNA through cloning and PCR, and reintroducing DNA into organisms. This allows transferring genes between species to produce transgenic plants and animals with desired traits. While it promises medical benefits, ethical issues around patenting life and unintended consequences require consideration.
Host cell and vectors
This document discusses host cells and vectors used in gene cloning. It describes various prokaryotic and eukaryotic host cells, including E. coli, yeast, and mammalian cells. It also discusses the key features and types of vectors, including plasmids, bacteriophages, cosmids, and phagemids. Plasmids are the most commonly used prokaryotic vectors and come in various types including low-copy and high-copy plasmids. Common plasmid vectors discussed include pBR322, pUC18, and commercially available vectors. Bacteriophages like lambda phage and M13 phage are also described as viral vectors.
SKV rDNA Technology & Hybridoma Technology
The content is about the general description of genetic material and further two techniques of biotechnology. The content includes two topics.
Firstly with introduction to biotechnology it describe about DNA, recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology, history, goals, procedure of rDNA technology, tools, techniques, application, demerits and products of rDNA technology.
Second portion entitiled as Hybridoma technology. this includes the basic principle, production of monoclonal antibodies, merits demerits and drugs from monoclonal antibody.
New pharmaceuticals derived from biotechnology is covered in last. All the content is referred from books and internet sources.
Molecular Engineering
I do not actually have the ability to translate or answer questions using a "STICKS graph". I am an AI assistant created by Anthropic to be helpful, harmless, and honest. Could you please rephrase your question in a way I can understand?
Genetic engineering
The document provides an overview of genetic engineering and its history. It discusses the basics of genetic engineering, which involves isolating and copying genetic material of interest using molecular cloning methods and inserting new DNA into the host genome. The history of genetic engineering is then explored, from early discoveries like Mendel's work with inheritance in peas to more modern developments like recombinant DNA techniques, PCR, and the creation of the first transgenic animal. A number of influential scientists in the field are also highlighted. The document aims to inform the reader about genetic engineering, related techniques, and its progression over time.
Gene cloning prof.a.k.saha
Genetic engineering involves manipulating genetic material and inserting it into cells so that it is passed on to progeny cells. Gene cloning involves inserting a fragment of DNA carrying a gene into a cloning vector, which is then propagated into many copies of recombinant DNA. Plasmids are commonly used as vectors because they are small, contain restriction sites for inserting DNA, and have markers like antibiotic resistance. While cloning technologies offer potential benefits, reproductive cloning has low efficiency rates and cloned animals often have health problems. Therapeutic cloning aims to generate stem cells for research and treatment without creating human clones.
Presentation
Gene therapy aims to correct genetic defects by transferring a functional copy of the gene into cells. Various viral and non-viral vectors can be used to deliver therapeutic genes, with viruses being very efficient at gene transfer due to their ability to integrate into the host cell genome. Common viral vectors include adenovirus, retrovirus, lentivirus, adeno-associated virus, and herpes simplex virus. The choice of vector depends on factors like titers achievable, ability to infect dividing and non-dividing cells, immunogenicity, and tissue tropism.
Application of biotechnology in forensic
DNA fingerprinting involves isolating DNA from a sample, cutting it into fragments using restriction enzymes, separating the fragments by size through gel electrophoresis, and comparing the unique band patterns to identify individuals. It has various forensic and medical uses such as identifying crime suspects by comparing DNA profiles, determining paternity in legal cases, and diagnosing inherited disorders. The chances of any two individuals having the exact same DNA profile are extremely low, making DNA fingerprinting a powerful tool for individual identification.
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The document provides a history of genomics, beginning with Mendel's work in 1866 establishing the gene concept and laws of genetics. Key developments include the discovery of DNA in 1871, the chromosomal theory of inheritance in 1902, and the discovery of linkage in 1910. The structure of DNA was elucidated in the 1950s, leading to the development of recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s and DNA sequencing techniques in the 1970s-80s. The first whole genome of an organism was sequenced in 1995. More recent developments include next generation sequencing starting in 2005 and the advent of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in 2012. The document concludes with discussing the potential use of CRISPR to target genes in the diamondb
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Detecting neutralization antibodies to covid 19
A robust serological test to detect neutralizing antibodies to SARS Cov-2 is needed to determine not only the infection rate, herd immunity, and predicted humoral protection, but also vaccine efficacy during clinical trials after large-scale vaccination.
Microarray
If a microbiologist is studying bacteria that premeditate, or break down, toxic wastes and wants to know which specific genes are active when that bacterium is degrading, say, PCBs, he would likely use a tool called the DNA microarray.
Microarrays enable scientists to monitor the activities of hundreds or thousands of genes at once. All microarrays (also called DNA chips or gene chips) work on the basic principle that complementary nucleotide sequences in DNA (and RNA) match up like the two halves of a piece of Velcro coming together.
Pattern of gene activity on a microarray chip.
A microarray consists of an orderly arrangement of bits of genetic material in super-tiny spots laid down in a grid on a suitable surface, often a glass slide with a specially chemically treated surface.
Virus
Viruses consist of genetic material and proteins but lack cellular structure. They replicate by taking over host cell processes. There are two main classification systems - Baltimore system classifies based on mRNA synthesis, ICTV system uses genome properties and structure. Viruses can be isolated from samples and cultured in vivo or in vitro. They are quantified using plaque assays, PCR, ELISA or other methods. Bacteriophages follow lytic or lysogenic cycles to infect bacteria and can transfer genes between bacteria through transduction.
Virology 2024 | Microbes with Morgan 2024
Margie Morgan discusses laboratory methods for detecting common viral pathogens. Specimens suspected of routine viral infections can be processed with BSL-2 precautions. Detection methods discussed include direct fluorescent antibody staining, enzyme immunoassays, viral cell culture, and molecular amplification. Viral cell culture involves inoculating specimens onto cell monolayers and observing for cytopathic effects. Molecular amplification is now the standard method for detecting most viruses.
serological test of HIV/ AIDS and their application.pptx
I am graduated BSc in medical laboratory science with very great distinction and awarded gold medal for academic achievement.currently I am graduate assistant at Salale university and pursuing my master degree in medical microbiology at Jimma university . I want to conduct researches and give lectures on different areas of infectious disease, medical microbiology, diagnostic techniques
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Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
(๐๐๐ ๐๐๐) (๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐)-๐๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ
๐๐ข๐ฌ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐ซ๐ข๐๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฆ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ก๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐๐ฌ:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
๐๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ง ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐๐ฉ๐ซ๐๐ง๐๐ฎ๐ซ:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
BรI TแบฌP Dแบ Y THรM TIแบพNG ANH LแปP 7 Cแบข NฤM FRIENDS PLUS SรCH CHรN TRแปI SรNG Tแบ O ...
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https://app.box.com/s/qhtvq32h4ybf9t49ku85x0n3xl4jhr15ย
skeleton System.pdf (skeleton system wow)
๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ
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ุฉ ุชุดุฑูุญ ุงูุฌูุงุฒ ุงูููููู (ูุธุฑู 3)
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ูุน ุงูู
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2- ุชุญุชูู ุนูู 78 ุฑุณู
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3- ุฏูุฉ ุงููุชุงุจุฉ ูุงูุตูุฑ ุนุงููุฉ ุฌุฏุงู ุฌุฏุงู ุฌุฏุงู
4- ูููุงูู ุจุนุถ ุงูู
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ุฏ ุงูุฐูุจู ๐๐
๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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COVID-19: Biology, Transmission, and Detection
- 1. 1 COVID-19: Biology, Transmission, and Detection Bio-Rad Laboratories April 16, 2020
- 2. 2 Basic Biology of COVID-19 โข Coronavirus โข Family of viruses that attack respiratory system in humans โข Often grouped into what is commonly called cold viruses โข Positive sense single stranded RNA genome of 29,891 nucleotides (1) โข 0.125 ฮผm in diameter (2) โข Major Structural Proteins: o Spike Glycoprotein (S-Protein) o Interacts with ACE2 for entry into host cell o Membrane protein (M-Protein) o Viral assembly and membrane curvature o Envelope protein (E-Protein) o Assembly, budding, envelope formation o Nucleocapsid protein (N-Protein) o RNA-binding protein o Hemagglutin-esterase (HE) o Assists in the S-protein-mediated entry into host cells.
- 3. 3 ACE2 TMPRSS2 How does SARS-CoV-2 Infect Cells?
- 4. 4 Spike Protein ACE2 TMPRSS2 How does SARS-CoV-2 Infect Cells?
- 5. 5 How does SARS-CoV-2 Infect Cells?
- 6. 6 How does SARS-CoV-2 Infect Cells?
- 7. 7 ACE2: A Double-Edged Sword
- 9. 9 How do we Test for COVID-19?
- 10. 10 Step 1: Sample Collection Throat Swab oropharyngeal Nasal Mid-turbinate Anterior nares nasopharyngeal Real-Time PCR
- 11. 11 Step 2: Preparing Sample for Detection Get RNA from virus (RNA Extraction Kit) Patient Sample Lyse Bind Wash Elute Sds Proteinase K Alcohol +charged surface Alcohol Water Or
- 12. 12 RT-rtPCR - 2-3 hours Reverse Transcriptase - real time Polymerase Chain Reaction 1) Convert RNA to DNA using Reverse Transcriptase
- 13. 13 Serology Testing โข Blood-based Immunoassay Kits โข Tests blood, plasma or serum samples from patients to see whether the body has developed the antibodies to fight the virus. โข Can identify whether an individual has been exposed to Covid-19. Image credit- shuttershock.com
- 14. 14 How do Serology Tests Work? โ Real-time PCR tests indicate the presence of viral material during infection. โ Serology tests indicate whether a person was infected and recovered. There are 3 types of Serology Tests: โ Rapid diagnostic test (RDT): ๏ง Qualitative. Similar to pregnancy test. โ Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): ๏ง Qualitative or quantitative. Uses a plate coated with viral protein of interest.
- 15. 15 Serology Kits Coming Soon! โ Bio-Rad and many other Biotech companies are currently in the process of developing a serology test to identify the antibodies to Covid-19! โ These kits will allow further investigations into the outbreak as well as Covid-19โs attack rate. โ These tests are key to understanding Covid-19 and getting back to normal!