This ppt discussed on viral cultivation and identification processes.

1. Viral Cultivation and Identification Technique
December 2022

2. Introduction
• Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites so they depend on their
host for survival.
• They cannot be grown on non-living culture media or on agar plate
alone. They must require living cell to support their replication.

3. The primary purpose of viral cultivation are:
• Identification and diagnosis of pathogenic viruses in clinical
specimens.
• Production of vaccines.
• Research studies
. Isolation of viruses is always considered as gold standard for
establishing an etiology of a disease.
Most of the viruses can be cultivated in :
• Embryonated egg.
• Experimental animals.
• Tissue Culture.

4. Embryonated Eggs.
The cells within chicken eggs are used to culture different types of viruses.

5. Sites of Inoculation on an Embryonated Egg

6. Experimental Animals

7. Tissue Culture

8. Virus Micrographs

9. Polymerase Chain Reaction
• What is PCR
• PCR is a technique widely used in molecular biology.
• Developed in 1983 by Kary Mullis.
• The name derived from one of its major components DNA polymerase.
• PCR can be defined as amplification of a piece of DNA by in-vitro
enzymatic replication.
• Application: Detection and diagnosis of infectious diseases.

10. ADVANCE IN TECHNOLOGY: THE OLD AND THE NEW
A B C

11. • Definition:
• The Enzyme - Linked immunosorbent assay is common laboratory
technique used to measure the concentration of analyte or detection
the presence of an infectious agents (usually Antigen or Antibodies) in
solution.

12. Cont.
• Why known as………………?
• Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay.
1. Antigen/Antibody of interest is absorbed on to plastic surface. (Sorbent).
2. Antigen is recognized by specific antibody. (‘immuno’)
3. This antibody is recognized by second antibody (Immuno) which has
enzyme attached (enzyme –Linked)
4. The substrate reacts with enzyme to produce products usually coloured.

13. Micrwell Plates for ELIZA, Diagnostic Technique

14. Rapid Diagnostic Technique
• What is rapid diagnostic test in microbiology?
• In the context of infectious diseases, the term rapid diagnostic test
(RDT) most commonly refers to lateral-flow, mmunochromatographic
tests used to detect certain infections.
• More generally, such assays may be described as point-of-care (POC)
tests.

15. How is HIV test kit determined?
• Determine HIV-1/2 is an In Vitro, visually read, qualitative
immunoassay for the detection of antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2 in
human serum, plasma or whole blood. The test is intended as an aid
to detect antibodies to HIV-1/HIV-2 from infected individuals.

16. Procedure (Determine HIV 1 & 2 test kit)
• Bring the pouch to room temperature before opening it.
• Remove the test strip from the sealed pouch and use it within one
hour.
• Place the strip on a clean and level surface, for Serum or Plasma
specimen add 2 drops.
• Wait for the colored line(s) to appear. Read results at 10 minutes.
• Control line must show positive for the test to be valid.