This document provides instructions for naming covalent molecules and acids. It begins by explaining how to name binary molecular compounds using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms and combining the roots of the elements. It then discusses naming acids, including binary acids which are named by combining "hydro-" with the second element or polyatomic ion, and oxyacids which are named based on the anion present. The document concludes by practicing writing formulas from IUPAC names and vice versa.

1. Naming Covalent Molecules 9.2

2. Naming Molecules Binary molecular compound Covalently bonded compound containing only two different elements Composed of 2 different nonmetals No ions or metals

3. Naming Binary Molecular Compounds Name the 1st element first using complete name. Name the 2nd element using the root of the element and adding the suffix –ide Prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms that are present in the compound Exception: first element in formula never uses mono- Hydrogen bonded to 7A halogens (drop mono)

4. Nonmetal roots Prefixes H - hyd C - carb N - nitr P - phosph As - arsen O - ox S - sulf Se - selen F - fluor Cl - chlor Br - brom I - iod 1 - mon(o) 2 - di 3 - tri 4 - tetr(a) 5 - pent(a) 6 - hex(a) 7 - hept(a) 8 - oct(a) 9 - non(a) 10 - dec(a)

5. Practice problems: CO P2O5 CCl4 As2O3 NF3 SO2 Carbon monoxide Diphosphoruspentoxide Carbon tetrachloride Diarsenic trioxide Nitrogen trifluoride Sulfur dioxide

6. More practice… H2O NH3 N2H4 N2O NO Di hydrogen monoxide Nitrogen trihydride Dinitrogentetrahydride Dinitrogen monoxide Nitrogen monoxide Water Ammonia Hydrazine Nitrous oxide Nitric oxide Common names

7. Acids Molecules can be put in aqueous solution (water) and they make acids Compound classified as an ACID if it releases H+ ions when put in water solution Only name acids if molecule is put in water!!! Two types Binary Acids Oxyacids

8. Binary Acids Hydrogen & one other element Sometimes there are more than 2 elements To name hydrogen, use prefix Hydro- Second element use Root (or form of root) followed by suffix –ic If there are more than 2 elements involved, use the root of the polyatomic ion that acid contains Add the word acid to the end Example: HCl Hydrochloric acid Example: HCN Hydrocyanic acid

9. Oxyacids Acids thant contain OXYANION What is an oxyanion? Polyatomic ion that contains oxygen First: Determine anion present Use a form of the root of the anion Add suffix Anion suffix –ate….oxyacid suffix= -ic Anion suffix –ite….oxyacid suffix= -ous Add the word acid Example:HNO3 Oxyanion: nitrate NO3- Oxyacid name: nitric acid Example:HNO2 Oxyanion: nitrite NO2- Oxyacid: nitrous acid Hydrogen is not named in oxyacids!!!

10. Naming acids summary

11. Practice… HI HClO3 H2SO4 H2S HClO2 Hydroiodic acid Chloric acid Sulfuric acid Hydrosulfuric acid Chlorous acid First determine if it’s a Binary acid or an oxyacid

12. Name to formulas Write the symbols for the elements in the order mentioned in the name. Write subscripts indicated by the prefixes. If the first part of the name has no prefix, assume it is mono. Prefixes tell you SUBscriptsfor each element Example Carbon tetrachloride CCl4

13. Writing Formulas for Binary Covalent Compounds: Examples nitrogen dioxide NO2 diphosphorus pentoxide P2O5 xenon tetrafluoride XeF4 sulfur hexafluoride SF6

14. Air Pollution Class Work Many common air pollutants form acids when dissolved in a water solution Complete the following table