Cours Public 6: L’ANTHROPOCÈNE SERAIT-IL UN URBANOCÈNE? OU COMMENT L’URBANISATION GÉNÉRALISÉE A BOULEVERSÉ LE SYSTÈME PLANÉTAIRE
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L’entrée dans l’anthropocène est directement liée à la phase intense d’urbanisation de la planète qui a débuté après la seconde guerre mondiale. Cette hypothèse reprend celle dite de la « grande accélération » (Steffen), mais en se focalisant sur une part explicative souvent minorée par les études anthropocènes : le rôle effectif de l’urbanisation généralisée et des bouleversements géographiques, économiques, sociaux, culturels et politiques qui l’accompagnent. Il s’agira donc de cerner ce rôle et de l’examiner à toutes les échelles de temps et d’espace.
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Dr.Anindita Mandal1and*Dr.Hugh Byrd2
Luleå Tekniska Universitet, Sweden1
School of Architecture & Design,University of Lincoln, UK2
1E mail: aninditamandal@yahoo.com, 2E mail:hbyrd@lincoln.ac.uk
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CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2017) 1(2), 57-68.
https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2017.3648
www.ijcua.com
Copyright © 2017 Contemporary Urban Affairs. All rights reserved
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – A CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL APPRAISAL
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – A CRITICAL
ENVIRONMENTAL APPRAISAL by DR. I.D. MALL Department of Chemical Engg. Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Roorkee- 247667
China’s Development Model Consequences for the Environme
China’s Development Model
Consequences for the Environment and Health
Outline of the lectureChina’s development model: changing goals and priorities (economic growth and globalisation)The consequences of structural reform on the environment and the provision of public services (health care)Reconciling economic growth with sustainability and the right to health
Development as a Value SystemCompeting developing models throughout the 20th Century (achieve different forms of modernity):
Capitalism and Western liberal democracy and CommunismCollapse of the USSR and China’s adoption of a market economy: the end of history? Does China offer a new model of development?
Fukuyama (1989) All viable alternatives to Western liberal democracy have failed.
Capitalism is ultimately the only viable economic system in the modern world and all states must ultimately adopt free market capitalism.
All human societies, regardless of their cultural or historical make-up, are inevitably drawn into a global consumer culture.
*
The Implications of Development & Economic Growth Development (with economic growth at its core) implies industrialization, urbanization and intensification of resource usePopulation growth; increased demand for food, housing, water supply, electricity supply, etc. Land conversion, loss of biodiversity, pollution, etc.
China’s Rapid TransformationRapid urban growth:
1978 – 17% (urban)
2007 – 42% (urban)
2011 – urban population passes the
50% mark for the first time in Chinese history
2030 – 70% (urban)Since 1978 China’s urban population has grown by about 430 millionEnormous use of resources: infrastructure, housing, services, etc. (China’s second wave of industrialisation)
*
China’s Rapid TransformationRapid integration with the global economy; China becomes the ‘factory of the world’China’s population reaps the benefits of economic growth (better living standards)While developing a taste for conspicuous consumption
Fuelling China’s economic growthChina: largest energy consumer in the world; second oil consumer after the USAnnual energy consumption growth rate:
1980-1999: 4%
2000-2005: 10%
2006-2010: 6.6%
Goal: 4.3% annual growth rateChina is the largest CO2 emitterInefficient use of resources: water, electricity, oil, coal
Energy Consumption
Australia is the largest exporter of liquefied natural gas (30% of China’s imports) and of coal (Australia and Indonesia provide 50% of China’s coal imports); Australia is also the largest exporter of coal in the world
*
Environmental Consequences of Economic Growth
China’s Environmental Crisis - The New York Times#Air pollution: (CO2 & SO2 emissions from coal and fuel)Water pollution/water scarcity: (industrial and human waste) More than 70% of China’s lakes and rivers are highly pollutedLand erosion and desertification: (climate change, agricultural land conversion, deforestation)
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This document discusses the economic and environmental policy perspectives on virtual water trade. From an economic perspective, while virtual water trade may make sense in theory, empirical evidence shows water endowment is not a major factor driving trade flows. Environmental policy perspectives suggest virtual water is a useful concept for identifying water use imbalances but not a valid policy indicator, as it does not account for opportunity costs and policy variations. Moving forward, the document argues policy should focus on determining the appropriate value of water resources through methods like pricing and management at local levels.
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The major urban problems in Hong Kong are housing, pollution, and traffic congestion. These problems are caused by Hong Kong's high population density, limited land supply, past lack of urban planning, and economic growth. To address these issues, the government has taken measures such as developing new towns, reclamation, building more public housing, redeveloping old urban areas, improving transportation infrastructure, enacting environmental protection laws, and incorporating better planning in new developments. However, urban solutions can also create new problems for the environment if not implemented sustainably. Citizens must work with the government to develop cities in a way that balances development and conservation.
Ecocity
The document provides information about eco-cities and the Tianjin Eco-city project between China and Singapore. It describes how Tianjin Eco-city was selected as a non-arable site facing water shortage issues. The master plan for Tianjin Eco-city includes one central axis, three centers, and four districts, with the goal of eliminating carbon waste and producing renewable energy. Small neighborhood units called "Eco-cells" make up the overall city design and were implemented between 2008-2012 to build out the new sustainable city.
Governance for Water Sensitive Urban Development, DIFU
Presented at the 12th meeting of the OECD Water Governance Initiative, on 20 - 21 June, 2019 in Berlin, Germany
Rodolfo presentation nexus dialogue oct2021
This document discusses the need for stronger regional cooperation on natural resource management and climate action in Central Asia. It notes that climate change threatens water and food security through reduced glaciers and increased flooding. The document proposes a new project to mainstream principles of coordinated energy, water and land use ("nexus" approach) through developing plans, analysis, financing mechanisms and policy dialogues. Key activities proposed for the new project include mainstreaming nexus principles, expanding the evidence base on benefits, enhancing access to finance and designing financing mechanisms to promote nexus investments.
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2016 GGSD Forum - Session 2: Presentation by Mr. Jan Brueckner, Professor and...
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European Forest Institute (EFI) Suomen biotalouden kehittäjänä Pekka Leskinen
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Ancillary Development Presentation - Gregor Riese - Sept 2013
Ancillary Development Presentation - Gregor Riese - Sept 2013
Green Talks LIVE - Global Material Resources Outlook to 2060
Green Talks LIVE - Global Material Resources Outlook to 2060
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Governance for Water Sensitive Urban Development, DIFU
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Oecd 2014 material resources policy highlights web
Establishing a resource efficient economy is central to achieving green growth. It involves improving resource productivity and putting in place policies that ensure a sustainable resource and materials management building on the principle of the 3Rs — reduce, reuse and recycle, and encouraging more sustainable consumption patterns.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – A CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL APPRAISAL
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – A CRITICAL
ENVIRONMENTAL APPRAISAL by DR. I.D. MALL Department of Chemical Engg. Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Roorkee- 247667
China’s Development Model Consequences for the Environme
China’s Development Model
Consequences for the Environment and Health
Outline of the lectureChina’s development model: changing goals and priorities (economic growth and globalisation)The consequences of structural reform on the environment and the provision of public services (health care)Reconciling economic growth with sustainability and the right to health
Development as a Value SystemCompeting developing models throughout the 20th Century (achieve different forms of modernity):
Capitalism and Western liberal democracy and CommunismCollapse of the USSR and China’s adoption of a market economy: the end of history? Does China offer a new model of development?
Fukuyama (1989) All viable alternatives to Western liberal democracy have failed.
Capitalism is ultimately the only viable economic system in the modern world and all states must ultimately adopt free market capitalism.
All human societies, regardless of their cultural or historical make-up, are inevitably drawn into a global consumer culture.
*
The Implications of Development & Economic Growth Development (with economic growth at its core) implies industrialization, urbanization and intensification of resource usePopulation growth; increased demand for food, housing, water supply, electricity supply, etc. Land conversion, loss of biodiversity, pollution, etc.
China’s Rapid TransformationRapid urban growth:
1978 – 17% (urban)
2007 – 42% (urban)
2011 – urban population passes the
50% mark for the first time in Chinese history
2030 – 70% (urban)Since 1978 China’s urban population has grown by about 430 millionEnormous use of resources: infrastructure, housing, services, etc. (China’s second wave of industrialisation)
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China’s Rapid TransformationRapid integration with the global economy; China becomes the ‘factory of the world’China’s population reaps the benefits of economic growth (better living standards)While developing a taste for conspicuous consumption
Fuelling China’s economic growthChina: largest energy consumer in the world; second oil consumer after the USAnnual energy consumption growth rate:
1980-1999: 4%
2000-2005: 10%
2006-2010: 6.6%
Goal: 4.3% annual growth rateChina is the largest CO2 emitterInefficient use of resources: water, electricity, oil, coal
Energy Consumption
Australia is the largest exporter of liquefied natural gas (30% of China’s imports) and of coal (Australia and Indonesia provide 50% of China’s coal imports); Australia is also the largest exporter of coal in the world
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Environmental Consequences of Economic Growth
China’s Environmental Crisis - The New York Times#Air pollution: (CO2 & SO2 emissions from coal and fuel)Water pollution/water scarcity: (industrial and human waste) More than 70% of China’s lakes and rivers are highly pollutedLand erosion and desertification: (climate change, agricultural land conversion, deforestation)
Develop first, clean up later?Given the emphasis on economic growth, until r ...
Mediterranean Ecological Footprint Report 2015
New Study: Mediterranean countries fall short of achieving region's vision of sustainable development. Food and cities offer opportunities to manage resources more sustainably.
Ymt china-ppt
This document provides an overview of sustainable development in China. It discusses key facts about China's population, resources, and environmental issues. It outlines the government's role in sustainable development legislation and initiatives. It also discusses the business role and responsibilities in implementing sustainable practices in China to balance economic growth, environmental protection, and social equity.
Resource efficiency - The Energy & Resources Institute (TERI)
The document discusses concerns around resource scarcity and the need for improved resource efficiency. It notes that concerns about limited resources have recurred over the past two centuries. While Malthus' concerns focused on limited land, current scarcity issues stem from constraints on all types of resources due to rising global demand and consumption. Achieving living standards on par with developed nations globally in a sustainable way will require raising standards of living within the bounds of finite resources through more efficient resource use and circular economic models.
Urbanization on environment
Urbanization is increasing rapidly around the world and having significant impacts on the environment. By 2050, 64% of the developing world and 86% of the developed world will be urbanized. This rapid urban growth is causing problems like deforestation, air and water pollution, solid waste accumulation, and loss of agricultural land. Developing countries face more severe environmental impacts due to poor urban planning and inadequate infrastructure to handle the negative effects of urbanization. While urbanization enables economic growth, it also threatens the natural environment if not managed carefully through long-term planning and public-private partnerships that prioritize environmentally friendly development.
Effect of Industrialization and Urbanization on Agriculture
Industrialization and urbanization becomes a bane for the agriculture now days. With increase in industrialization and urbanization, the growth of agriculture sector decline continuously. Large area of land is covered under industry and infrastructure, which results in shortage of agriculture productive lands. The waste products of industry and urban areas are flowed in water bodies such as river, lakes and ponds which pollute them and make them unsuitable for any kind of use. The harmful effluents released from industry contaminate the air with harmful gases and suspended material. These gases and suspended particles affect the growth and development of plants and animals. The suspended particles are inhale during breathing and cause blockage in veins and arteries of animals and humans. To feed the ever increasing population of our country, the farmer put high pressure on shrinking land to get higher output. For this, farmer use modern technology and chemicals which reduce the productivity and fertility of soil. The polluted water of lakes and ponds become poisonous for the water living entities and results in death of plants and animal species. The waste effluents of urban areas and industry have high concentration of heavy metals which are very poisonous for animals and plants which survive under water and on land. The growth of plants and microbes in soil is reduced due to increase in concentration of heavy metal in soil. The effects of industries and urbanization need to be decreased to get a healthy environment for plants and animals. Special management practice needs to be developed to suppress this increasing problem to survive on earth.
STEPS Annual Lecture 2017: Achim Steiner - Doomed to fail or bound to succeed...
Achim Steiner, incoming UNDP director, gave the STEPS Annual lecture at the University of Sussex on 15 May 2017. Find out more: https://steps-centre.org/event/steps-annual-lecture-achim-steiner/
contribution of cities on Climate change ppt
Cities contribute significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. While some sources claim that cities are responsible for 75-80% of emissions, this is an overstatement, as accurate allocation of emissions is complex. Emissions should take into account where energy is produced versus consumed. Overall, urbanization and economic growth are increasing emissions, though per capita emissions vary greatly between wealthy and developing cities. Accurately measuring city emissions requires defining system boundaries and accounting for all sources. Addressing climate change at the city level is important as cities are centers of economic activity and policy can be enacted more quickly than at national levels.
Tunis Business School Leadership talks 2013
The world population has dramatically increased from 2.5 billion in 1950 to nearly 7 billion currently. This rapid growth has led to unprecedented levels of global consumption and carbon emissions. The presentation discusses several structural changes in the global economy including the acceleration of international trade and South-South investment flows. It questions whether economic growth necessarily leads to improved well-being for humanity and notes that infinite growth is unsustainable given finite natural resources and the need for balance with ecosystems.
Infographic(Low-resolution)
The document provides acknowledgements and references for a publication titled "Resource use in the Asia-Pacific - A booklet of infographics". It thanks various contributors and reviewers and provides information on data sources, copyright, and permissions. The publication is intended to accompany the "1st FORUM OF MINISTERS & ENVIRONMENT AUTHORITIES OF ASIA PACIFIC" on May 19-20, 2015 in Bangkok.
Population & Pollution
The world's population exceeded 7 billion in 2011 and is projected to increase by 40% over the next 40 years. Egypt's population grew rapidly from 20 million in 1948 to 80 million in 2011, adding 20 million people every 20 years. Rapid population growth is increasing environmental pollution like air, water, noise, and waste as finite resources are used up more quickly and fossil fuels are burned, releasing greenhouse gases.
Trends in the Mining and Metals Industry
The document discusses trends in the mining and metals industry. It notes that while mining production has shifted from developed to developing countries in recent decades, smelting and refining remains concentrated in developed nations, though this is changing as Chinese production grows. It also outlines that demand for metals will likely continue increasing long-term due to population growth, urbanization, and developing economies seeking higher standards of living. The top metals by production value are iron ore, copper, and gold, though many other metals also play vital strategic roles.
Arthur dahl presenting materialism environment governance sustainability dec ...
Arthur dahl presenting materialism environment governance sustainability dec ...ebbf - mindful people, meaningful work
A photograph of the decisive decade we are facing, the perfect storm of environmental, economic and growth crisis we are facing and some possible ways to help the transition from this old unsustainable system to a new world order sustained by a new approach of global prosperity, justice and sustainability.From "Greening" the present system to real transformation, Anders Wijkman et. al
From "Greening" the present system to real transformation, Anders Wijkman et. alEnergy for One World
The document summarizes key points from the Earth4All report, which follows up on The Limits to Growth 50 years later. It recommends five turnarounds needed for planetary stability and human wellbeing: 1) halving greenhouse gas emissions each decade through clean energy, 2) becoming nature positive in food systems by 2030, 3) adopting new economic models, 4) reducing inequality, and 5) empowering women and investing in education. These turnarounds must be underpinned by radically transforming resource management, as resource extraction drives environmental challenges and will drastically increase without action. The world must learn to provide human wellbeing without exceeding planetary boundaries.city resources final l.ppt
Global resource constraints cities face include:
1. Materials and energy - Cities consume up to 80% of global energy and produce 75% of carbon emissions. Fossil fuel prices have risen steadily.
2. Oil - Global oil demand is forecast to rise 45% by 2030 but new discoveries may not keep up. Rising oil prices significantly impact city operations and vulnerable households.
3. Waste - As cities expand, waste has grown, increasing landfill needs. Landfills are major greenhouse gas sources.
4. Water - Nearly 1 billion lack clean drinking water. Water supply will only meet 60% of demand by 2030. Cities extend water sources farther with consequences.
5. Food - Over
Urbanization And Urban Growth
Urbanization is rapidly increasing worldwide, including in developing countries. Rapid urbanization presents significant challenges, such as unemployment, poverty, inadequate infrastructure, and environmental degradation in many developing country cities. Over half the world's population now lives in urban areas, crowded into just 3% of the Earth's land. By 2030, 65% of the global population is expected to be urbanized. Effective urban planning, infrastructure development, and management are needed to address the problems caused by rapid urban population growth and density in cities.
Professor Isam Shahrour Summer Course « Smart and Sustainable City »: Chapte...
This lecture presents the world global challenges (population growth, energy and water stresses, air and soil pollution, greenhouse emission, global warming, population aging, unemployment) and their impact on the City.
A vision for Physical Planning
The document discusses sustainable urban planning and development. It notes that current urban growth trends are unsustainable due to low densities, segregated land uses, and endless expansion. An alternative vision is presented of compact, mixed-use, and pedestrian-oriented development within existing urban footprints to conserve agricultural land and resources. Key principles include equitable distribution of wealth, local economies integrated with their regions, and non-motorized transportation to reduce pollution and infrastructure costs. The goal is sustainable cities that thrive in symbiosis with their regions while realizing humanity's highest potential.
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Oecd 2014 material resources policy highlights web
Oecd 2014 material resources policy highlights web
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – A CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL APPRAISAL
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – A CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL APPRAISAL
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China’s Development Model Consequences for the Environme
Resource efficiency - The Energy & Resources Institute (TERI)
Resource efficiency - The Energy & Resources Institute (TERI)
Effect of Industrialization and Urbanization on Agriculture
Effect of Industrialization and Urbanization on Agriculture
STEPS Annual Lecture 2017: Achim Steiner - Doomed to fail or bound to succeed...
STEPS Annual Lecture 2017: Achim Steiner - Doomed to fail or bound to succeed...
Arthur dahl presenting materialism environment governance sustainability dec ...
Arthur dahl presenting materialism environment governance sustainability dec ...
From "Greening" the present system to real transformation, Anders Wijkman et. al
From "Greening" the present system to real transformation, Anders Wijkman et. al
Professor Isam Shahrour Summer Course « Smart and Sustainable City »: Chapte...
Professor Isam Shahrour Summer Course « Smart and Sustainable City »: Chapte...
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Gouvernance anthropocene atlas
Afin de donner une vision d’ensemble de l’Anthropocène, François Gemenne, spécialiste des questions de géopolitique de l’environnement, chercheur à l'Université de Liège, enseignant à Sciences Po et à l’Université libre de Bruxelles et membre du GIEC (Groupe d'Experts Intergouvernemental sur l'Evolution du Climat), présentera l’Atlas de l’anthropocène (Presses de Sciences Po, 2019). Cet ouvrage, réalisé avec Aleksandar Rankovic et l’Atelier de cartographie de Sciences Po, multiplie les points de vue et mobilise tant les sciences sociales et que les sciences expérimentales pour montrer le caractère systémique des problèmes environnementaux qui surgissent de manière éparse. Il connecte les questions de réchauffement climatique, de chute de la biodiversité ou encore de pollution avec leurs conséquences sociales et politiques.
Cours Public 1: La quatrième voie : les politiques de la terre face à l’Anthr...
Malgré le péril existentiel sans précédent auquel nous expose la poursuite du modèle de développement dominant, l’examen critique du paradigme sécuritaire inhérent aux scénarios dits « globaux » montre pourtant une incapacité structurelle à imaginer une recomposition symbiotique des interactions entre les humains et les autres vivants. Ni l’appropriation ordolibérale du globe, ni le gouvernement technoscientifique de la planète, ni le projet cosmopolitique d’édification du monde ne suffiront pour répondre aux défis de l’Anthropocène. Nous proposons d’explorer concrètement la possibilité d’une « quatrième voie », celle des politiques de la Terre.
Cours Public 3: LA QUATRIÈME VOIE : LES POLITIQUES DE LA TERRE FACE À L'ANTHR...
This document discusses several frameworks for conceptualizing humanity's relationship with the Earth and the environment in the context of the Anthropocene era. It summarizes scenarios from different groups for how global socioeconomic systems and the Earth system may evolve. It argues that the dominant economic frameworks rely on an incorrect view of opposing relationships rather than complementary ones between systems and their environments. Alternative paradigms outlined include panarchy, the triumph of the commons, planetary security, and cosmobiopolitics.
Cours Public 5 et 6: LA QUATRIÈME VOIE : LES POLITIQUES DE LA TERRE FACE À L'...
Nous prenons conscience de l’avènement d’un nouvel âge de la Terre. La croissance continue dont dépend la pérennité politique du système socio-économique mondial bouleverse, par un jeu complexe et non linéaire de rétroactions, les conditions physiques, chimiques et biologiques des écosystèmes qui régulent la biosphère depuis des millénaires, au point de compromettre son habitabilité pour les générations futures, en affectant irréversiblement l’évolution des espèces et la dynamique géologique de la planète.
Ce vertigineux changement d’échelle, qui explicite les liens de co-viabilité entre les organisations sociales et leurs contextes écologiques, produit des effets de convergence inouïs qui effacent la séparation établie par la modernité entre l’histoire humaine et l’ordre de la nature. Malgré le péril existentiel sans précédent auquel nous expose la poursuite du modèle de développement dominant, l’examen critique du paradigme sécuritaire inhérent aux scénarios dits "globaux" (Global Scenario Group, SRES, MEA…) montre pourtant une incapacité structurelle à imaginer une recomposition symbiotique des interactions entre les humains et les autres vivants. Or nous savons désormais que la biosphère est à la fois la condition et le produit de toutes les formes de vie qui la constituent. C’est pourquoi ni l’appropriation ordolibérale du globe, ni le gouvernement technoscientifique de la planète, ni le projet cosmopolitique d’édification du monde ne suffiront pour répondre aux défis de l’Anthropocène. Nous proposons, dans ce cours, d’explorer concrètement la possibilité d’une « quatrième voie », celle des politiques de la Terre.
Cours Public 3: LA QUATRIÈME VOIE : LES POLITIQUES DE LA TERRE FACE À L'ANTHR...
Nous prenons conscience de l’avènement d’un nouvel âge de la Terre. La croissance continue dont dépend la pérennité politique du système socio-économique mondial bouleverse, par un jeu complexe et non linéaire de rétroactions, les conditions physiques, chimiques et biologiques des écosystèmes qui régulent la biosphère depuis des millénaires, au point de compromettre son habitabilité pour les générations futures, en affectant irréversiblement l’évolution des espèces et la dynamique géologique de la planète.
Ce vertigineux changement d’échelle, qui explicite les liens de co-viabilité entre les organisations sociales et leurs contextes écologiques, produit des effets de convergence inouïs qui effacent la séparation établie par la modernité entre l’histoire humaine et l’ordre de la nature. Malgré le péril existentiel sans précédent auquel nous expose la poursuite du modèle de développement dominant, l’examen critique du paradigme sécuritaire inhérent aux scénarios dits "globaux" (Global Scenario Group, SRES, MEA…) montre pourtant une incapacité structurelle à imaginer une recomposition symbiotique des interactions entre les humains et les autres vivants. Or nous savons désormais que la biosphère est à la fois la condition et le produit de toutes les formes de vie qui la constituent. C’est pourquoi ni l’appropriation ordolibérale du globe, ni le gouvernement technoscientifique de la planète, ni le projet cosmopolitique d’édification du monde ne suffiront pour répondre aux défis de l’Anthropocène. Nous proposons, dans ce cours, d’explorer concrètement la possibilité d’une « quatrième voie », celle des politiques de la Terre.
Cours Public 4: LA QUATRIÈME VOIE : LES POLITIQUES DE LA TERRE FACE À L'ANTHR...
Nous prenons conscience de l’avènement d’un nouvel âge de la Terre. La croissance continue dont dépend la pérennité politique du système socio-économique mondial bouleverse, par un jeu complexe et non linéaire de rétroactions, les conditions physiques, chimiques et biologiques des écosystèmes qui régulent la biosphère depuis des millénaires, au point de compromettre son habitabilité pour les générations futures, en affectant irréversiblement l’évolution des espèces et la dynamique géologique de la planète.
Ce vertigineux changement d’échelle, qui explicite les liens de co-viabilité entre les organisations sociales et leurs contextes écologiques, produit des effets de convergence inouïs qui effacent la séparation établie par la modernité entre l’histoire humaine et l’ordre de la nature. Malgré le péril existentiel sans précédent auquel nous expose la poursuite du modèle de développement dominant, l’examen critique du paradigme sécuritaire inhérent aux scénarios dits "globaux" (Global Scenario Group, SRES, MEA…) montre pourtant une incapacité structurelle à imaginer une recomposition symbiotique des interactions entre les humains et les autres vivants. Or nous savons désormais que la biosphère est à la fois la condition et le produit de toutes les formes de vie qui la constituent. C’est pourquoi ni l’appropriation ordolibérale du globe, ni le gouvernement technoscientifique de la planète, ni le projet cosmopolitique d’édification du monde ne suffiront pour répondre aux défis de l’Anthropocène. Nous proposons, dans ce cours, d’explorer concrètement la possibilité d’une « quatrième voie », celle des politiques de la Terre.
Cours Public 5: L’ANTHROPOCÈNE SERAIT-IL UN URBANOCÈNE? OU COMMENT L’URBANISA...
L’entrée dans l’anthropocène est directement liée à la phase intense d’urbanisation de la planète qui a débuté après la seconde guerre mondiale.
Cette hypothèse reprend celle dite de la « grande accélération » (Steffen), mais en se focalisant sur une part explicative souvent minorée par les études anthropocènes : le rôle effectif de l’urbanisation généralisée et des bouleversements géographiques, économiques, sociaux, culturels et politiques qui l’accompagnent. Il s’agira donc de cerner ce rôle et de l’examiner à toutes les échelles de temps et d’espace.
Cours Public 3: L’ANTHROPOCÈNE SERAIT-IL UN URBANOCÈNE? OU COMMENT L’URBANISA...
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Dopo il comunicato stampa di fine marzo in cui abbiamo presentato la prima fase della ricerca1 (
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Cours Public 6: LA RÉSILIENCE DU VIVANT, OU COMMENT CONSTRUIRE SUR SES FAIBLE...
La redondance, la lenteur, l’aléatoire… Autant de notions perçues négativement dans une société qui privilégie la performance, le contrôle et la vitesse à tous les niveaux et dans tous les secteurs. Pourtant, nous avons bien le sentiment confus d’une inadéquation contre-nature de ce dogme de l’optimum.
Que nous apprennent les sciences de la vie ? S’il existe bien des mécanismes biologiques d’une efficacité redoutable, des progrès récents mettent surtout en avant le rôle fondamental des erreurs, des hétérogénéités, des lenteurs dans la construction et la résilience des organismes vivants. Notre vraie nature serait-elle dès lors sous-optimale ? En quoi une sous-optimalité d’inspiration biologique peut-elle constituer un contre-modèle au credo de la performance et du contrôle dans l’anthropocène ?
Cours Public 5: Olivier Hamant, LA RÉSILIENCE DU VIVANT, OU COMMENT CONSTRUIR...
Titre
Cours Public 5: LA RÉSILIENCE DU VIVANT, OU COMMENT CONSTRUIRE SUR SES FAIBLESSES POUR CO-EXISTER DANS L'ANTHROPOCÈNE
Description
La redondance, la lenteur, l’aléatoire… Autant de notions perçues négativement dans une société qui privilégie la performance, le contrôle et la vitesse à tous les niveaux et dans tous les secteurs. Pourtant, nous avons bien le sentiment confus d’une inadéquation contre-nature de ce dogme de l’optimum.
Que nous apprennent les sciences de la vie ? S’il existe bien des mécanismes biologiques d’une efficacité redoutable, des progrès récents mettent surtout en avant le rôle fondamental des erreurs, des hétérogénéités, des lenteurs dans la construction et la résilience des organismes vivants. Notre vraie nature serait-elle dès lors sous-optimale ? En quoi une sous-optimalité d’inspiration biologique peut-elle constituer un contre-modèle au credo de la performance et du contrôle dans l’anthropocène ?
Comunicato stampa covid 19 def (1)
Communiqué de presse du Centro studi del Territorio de l'Université de Bergame.
Coordination scientifique : Emanuela Casti et Fulvio Adobati. Chercheurs impliqués : Andrea Azzini, Andrea Brambilla, Francesca Cristina Cappennani, Emanuele Comi, Elisa Consolandi, Marta Rodeschini, Maria Rosa Ronzoni, Anna Maria Variato
Lien institutionnel : https://cst.unibg.it/it
LA RÉSILIENCE DU VIVANT, OU COMMENT CONSTRUIRE SUR SES FAIBLESSES POUR CO-EXI...
Olivier Hamant: LA RÉSILIENCE DU VIVANT, OU COMMENT CONSTRUIRE SUR SES FAIBLESSES POUR CO-EXISTER DANS L'ANTHROPOCÈNE.
La redondance, la lenteur, l’aléatoire… Autant de notions perçues négativement dans une société qui privilégie la performance, le contrôle et la vitesse à tous les niveaux et dans tous les secteurs. Pourtant, nous avons bien le sentiment confus d’une inadéquation contre-nature de ce dogme de l’optimum.
Que nous apprennent les sciences de la vie ? S’il existe bien des mécanismes biologiques d’une efficacité redoutable, des progrès récents mettent surtout en avant le rôle fondamental des erreurs, des hétérogénéités, des lenteurs dans la construction et la résilience des organismes vivants. Notre vraie nature serait-elle dès lors sous-optimale ? En quoi une sous-optimalité d’inspiration biologique peut-elle constituer un contre-modèle au credo de la performance et du contrôle dans l’anthropocène ?
COURS 1: L’Anthropocène serait-il un urbanocène ? Ou comment l’urbanisation g...
Nous examinerons une hypothèse : l’entrée dans l’Anthropocène est directement liée à la phase intense d’urbanisation de la planète qui a débuté après la seconde guerre mondiale. Cette hypothèse reprend celle dite de la « grande accélération » (Steffen), mais en se focalisant sur une part explicative souvent minorée par les études anthropocènes : le rôle effectif de l’urbanisation généralisée et des bouleversements géographiques, économiques, sociaux, culturels et politiques qui l’accompagnent. Il s’agira donc de cerner ce rôle et de l’examiner à toutes les échelles de temps et d’espace.
Cours Public 3: LA RÉSILIENCE DU VIVANT, OU COMMENT CONSTRUIRE SUR SES FAIBLE...
La redondance, la lenteur, l’aléatoire… Autant de notions perçues négativement dans une société qui privilégie la performance, le contrôle et la vitesse à tous les niveaux et dans tous les secteurs. Pourtant, nous avons bien le sentiment confus d’une inadéquation contre-nature de ce dogme de l’optimum.
Que nous apprennent les sciences de la vie ? S’il existe bien des mécanismes biologiques d’une efficacité redoutable, des progrès récents mettent surtout en avant le rôle fondamental des erreurs, des hétérogénéités, des lenteurs dans la construction et la résilience des organismes vivants. Notre vraie nature serait-elle dès lors sous-optimale ? En quoi une sous-optimalité d’inspiration biologique peut-elle constituer un contre-modèle au credo de la performance et du contrôle dans l’anthropocène ?
Olivier Hamant Cours Public 1
La redondance, la lenteur, l’aléatoire… Autant de notions perçues négativement dans une société qui privilégie la performance, le contrôle et la vitesse à tous les niveaux et dans tous les secteurs. Pourtant, nous avons bien le sentiment confus d’une inadéquation contre-nature de ce dogme de l’optimum.
Que nous apprennent les sciences de la vie ? S’il existe bien des mécanismes biologiques d’une efficacité redoutable, des progrès récents mettent surtout en avant le rôle fondamental des erreurs, des hétérogénéités, des lenteurs dans la construction et la résilience des organismes vivants. Notre vraie nature serait-elle dès lors sous-optimale ? En quoi une sous-optimalité d’inspiration biologique peut-elle constituer un contre-modèle au credo de la performance et du contrôle dans l’anthropocène ?
Olivier Hamant Cours Public 2
La redondance, la lenteur, l’aléatoire… Autant de notions perçues négativement dans une société qui privilégie la performance, le contrôle et la vitesse à tous les niveaux et dans tous les secteurs. Pourtant, nous avons bien le sentiment confus d’une inadéquation contre-nature de ce dogme de l’optimum.
Que nous apprennent les sciences de la vie ? S’il existe bien des mécanismes biologiques d’une efficacité redoutable, des progrès récents mettent surtout en avant le rôle fondamental des erreurs, des hétérogénéités, des lenteurs dans la construction et la résilience des organismes vivants. Notre vraie nature serait-elle dès lors sous-optimale ? En quoi une sous-optimalité d’inspiration biologique peut-elle constituer un contre-modèle au credo de la performance et du contrôle dans l’anthropocène ?
Art and public space viewed by artist
The document lists 3 names: Johann Rivat, Niek van de Steeg, and Ning Zhuo Hong. It does not provide any other details about these individuals or what context they are being listed in. In summary, the document only contains 3 names without any other explanatory or connecting information.
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Recently uploaded
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
By harnessing the power of High Flux Vacuum Membrane Distillation, Travis Hills from MN envisions a future where clean and safe drinking water is accessible to all, regardless of geographical location or economic status.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
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8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
•Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
•TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Recently uploaded (20)
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Cours Public 6: L’ANTHROPOCÈNE SERAIT-IL UN URBANOCÈNE? OU COMMENT L’URBANISATION GÉNÉRALISÉE A BOULEVERSÉ LE SYSTÈME PLANÉTAIRE
- 1. L’ANTHROPOCÈNE SERAIT-IL UN URBANOCÈNE ? Ou comment l’urbanisation généralisée bouleverse le système planétaire. Michel Lussault Université de Lyon (Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon) directeur de l’Ecole urbaine de Lyon michel.lussault@ens-lyon.fr
- 2. Le système urbain est extractif
- 6. « Growth of global material use has accelerated over the past four decades, while economic growth and population growth have been slowing. Overall, the global economy expanded more than threefold over the four decades since 1970, population almost doubled and global material extraction tripled. The world economy has experienced a great acceleration in material use since 2000, strongly related to the industrial and urban transformation in China, which has required unprecedented amounts of iron and steel, cement, energy and construction materials. China’s growth in material demand since the year 2000 has reverberated across the world economy, especially in primary resource exporting regions and countries such as Latin America, Africa and Australia. » "Growth in global material extraction was such that per capita global material use increased from 7 tonnes per capita in 1970 to 10 tonnes per capita in 2010, indicating improvements in the material standard of living in many parts of the world. Domestic extraction of materials has grown in all world regions to meet increased demand for materials. The densely populated global regions of Europe and Asia and the Pacific have not been meeting all of their material demand from domestic extraction of natural resources, despite large increases in agricultural production and mining in Asia and the Pacific region, especially. These two regions have required large and increasing amounts of imports of materials, especially fossil fuels and metal ores, from all other regions. » « Annual global material use reached 70.1 billion tonnes in 2010, up from 23.7 billion tonnes in 1970. Over the past four decades global material use has thus tripled, growing on average by 2.7% annually. In contrast to population and GDP, there was an acceleration in growth in the decade from 2000 to 2010, reaching 3.7% annually. With an average growth of 3.5% per year, global trade in materials has grown even faster than global materials extraction, surpassing the rate of GDP growth. In 1970, 2.7 billion tonnes of materials (11% of global materials) were traded between countries. By 2010, the amount of traded materials had risen to 10.9 billion tonnes or 16% of global materials. The growth rate of traded materials has not changed much in the past decade, averaging 3.6% annual growth. » Global Material Flows and Ressource Productivity, 2015
- 7. European Commission, Raw Material Scoreboard, 2018
- 9. European Commission, Raw Material Scoreboard, 2018
- 11. Ciment
- 13. L’extraction d’eau Feng Kuishuang & Klaus Hubacek, « A Multi- region Input-Output Analysis of Global Virtual Water Flows » in, Matthias Ruth (ed.) Handbook of Research Method and Applications in Environmental Studies, Elgar Publishing, 2015
- 14. Blue water refers to surface and groundwater, which generally has higher opportunity cost compared to green water; green water refers to the total rainwater evapotranspiration from fields and plantations; and grey water, is the water required to dilute pollutants to such an extent that the quality of the water remains above agreed water quality standards.
- 24. Les métaux
- 25. European Commission, Raw Material Scoreboard, 2018
- 27. Uyuni, Bolivie
- 31. Figure 2. Global Aggregated Trade Flows Widths of flows are proportional to trade value in US dollars (USD); importers are marked in green and exporters in red. (A) Aggregated flows of lithium oxide and hydroxide as well as lithium carbonates (does not include concentrates, which would be dominated by Australia). Flows below 1 million USD in value are not included. (B) Global aggregated trade flows of cobalt ores, concentrates, mattes, and other intermediate products of cobalt metallurgy, including waste and scrap for the year 2015. Flows below 10 million USD are not included.
- 32. Cobalt
- 33. Cobalt