The document discusses sustainable urban planning and development. It notes that current urban growth trends are unsustainable due to low densities, segregated land uses, and endless expansion. An alternative vision is presented of compact, mixed-use, and pedestrian-oriented development within existing urban footprints to conserve agricultural land and resources. Key principles include equitable distribution of wealth, local economies integrated with their regions, and non-motorized transportation to reduce pollution and infrastructure costs. The goal is sustainable cities that thrive in symbiosis with their regions while realizing humanity's highest potential.

1. Physical Planning Forum
Vision
policy, strategy; regional context.
Kamil Khan Mumtaz
July 2014

2. • The Ecological Footprint measures how much
land and water area a human population
requires to produce the resource it consumes
and to absorb its carbon dioxide emissions.
• Since the 1970s, humanity has been in
ecological overshoot with annual demand on
resources exceeding what Earth can
regenerate each year.
• It now takes the Earth one year and six
months to regenerate what we use in a year.
• We maintain this overshoot by liquidating the
Earth’s resources. Overshoot is a vastly
underestimated threat to human well-
being and the health of the planet.
http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GF
N/page/footprint_basics_overview/
The Global Context
Key Issues
•Environmental crisis
•Poverty
•Income Disparities

3. Ecological ‘income’
(bio-capacity) and
‘expenditure’ (eco-
footprint)
Since 2006, the World Fund for Nature
has been issuing a bi-annual audit,
‘Living Planet Report’, of the world’s
ecological ‘income’ (bio-capacity) and
‘expenditure’ (eco-footprint).
We in Pakistan are trying hard to
emulate Dubai (aspiring to create global
cities, water-front developments, dazzling
skyscrapers and malls, etc) which is one
of the highest over-consumers per capita
in the world, exceeding even the US.
The Global Context
Key Issues
Environmental crisis

4. Qatar has the worst ecological footprint per
person in the world.
The Global Context
Urbanization
is a symptom of the present global
ecological crisis.
Its principal cause is the modern
development paradigm.
Pursuit of Endless
Economic Growth
has resulted in over-production,
depletion of resources, waste,
environmental degradation, social
disintegration and dehumanization.

5. The Global Context
Key Issues
•Poverty
•Income Disparities

6. Vision, Policies & Strategies

7. The Earth Charter was created by the independent
Earth Charter Commission, which was convened as a
follow-up to the 1992 Earth Summit in order to
produce a global consensus statement of values and
principles for a sustainable future. The document was
developed over nearly a decade through an extensive
process of international consultation, to which over five
thousand people contributed. The Charter has been
formally endorsed by thousands of organizations,
including UNESCO and the IUCN (World
Conservation Union). For more information, please
visit www.EarthCharter.org.
Preamble to The Earth Charter
We stand at a critical moment in Earth's
history... We must join together to bring forth a
sustainable global society founded on
respect for nature, universal human rights,
economic justice, and a culture of peace. …
Earth, Our Home
... Earth, our home, is alive with a unique
community of life. ..The global environment
with its finite resources is a common concern
of all peoples. The protection of Earth's
vitality, diversity, and beauty is a sacred trust.
The Global Context
The Earth Charter

8. The Global Situation
The dominant patterns of production and
consumption are causing environmental
devastation, the depletion of resources, and a
massive extinction of species. Communities are
being undermined. The benefits of
development are not shared equitably and the
gap between rich and poor is widening.
Injustice, poverty, ignorance, and violent
conflict are widespread and the cause of great
suffering. An unprecedented rise in human
population has overburdened ecological and
social systems. The foundations of global
security are threatened. These trends are
perilous—but not inevitable.
The Challenges Ahead
…Fundamental changes are needed in our
values, institutions, and ways of living. We
must realize that …human development is
primarily about being more, not having more. ..
Our environmental, economic, political, social,
and spiritual challenges are interconnected, and
together we can forge inclusive solutions.
The Global Context
The Earth Charter

9. • “Urbanization presents one of the key challenges and, at the same time,
opportunities in the new millennium”
• “Those cities that fail to plan ahead and execute the plans will not be competitive in
the globalized world. Urban economies are contributing significantly more to
national exchequer and at the same time have become key employment markets.
Cities indeed are important engines of economic growth and provide significant
economies of scale in the provision of jobs, housing and services.” (our italics)
(LDA’s Integrated Strategic Development Plan for Lahore Region)
TLP Vision and Strategies
City & Region
Key Issues
Pursuit of Endless
Economic Growth

10. We do not share this corporate capitalist vision of rapid urbanization as an
investment opportunity, and cities as employment markets, whose
expanding size provides economies of scale for profiteers who are
valorized for their contribution to the national exchequer.
TLP Vision and Strategies
The City & its Region
Key Issues
Pursuit of Endless
Economic Growth

11. The City & its Region
• Cities process primary raw materials,
manufacturer secondary products and provide
services.
• Economically they are integrated with the
region that produces the primary products, and
the region to which they provide goods and
services.
• In a symbiotic relationship, the value of what
each takes from the other is more or less
equivalent to what it gives.
• In a parasitic relationship the city extracts
resources in excess of their rates of renewal and
re-generation, and produces toxic and non-
recyclable waste.
The Region
On the basis of bio-capacity of 0.07 hectares of arable
land per person, Lahore Division may be taken
as a sustainable region.

12. Bio-Capacity
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
Pakistan
Balochistan
Punjab
Sindh
NWFP
FATA
Islamabad
LahoreD
LahoreDis
KarachiDis
Times surplus/deficient
The City & its Region
• Lahore District:
• Total Area:1772 sq.km
• Cultivable Area: 319 sq. km
• Bio-capacity:.0036 ha/capita
• Lahore Division
• Total Area: 14687 sq.km
• Cultivable Area: 9455 sq. km
• Bio-capacity: .0672m sq./capita
On the basis of bio-capacity of
0.07 hectares of arable land per
person, Lahore Division may be
taken as a sustainable region.

13. • Population: 14 million (Lahore
Division)
• 8.5 million People reside in Lahore
District and 82 % of which are urban
dwellers.
• Population growth rate of 2.5% since
1998 Census is much faster than the
national and provincial rate of 1.9%
• Age Profile in Lahore District is very
much young (below 14 = 39.2%; 15 – 49
= 50%)
Key Issues
People

14. Occupations:
• Services: 38.8 %;
• White collar: 31 %;
• ‘lumpen’: 19.5 %;
• Manufacturing: 10.4 %
Employment by zone of residence
• Primary: 4.4%
• Secondary: 14.6%
• Tertiary: 81%
• Employment Participation rate: 27%
• Unemployment Exceeds those employed by 27%
• Female residents unemployment: 99%
• GDP: average growth rate declined from 6% in the 1980s to 3% in the last five years
• Incomes: Average Household Income for Towns/Tehsils(Pak Rs/month)
• Highest: 43,397 in Cantonment
• Lowest: 22,26 in Muridke.
Key Issues
Economy

15. Vision and Strategies
Key Issues
Urbanization
Period Cumulative
Developed Area
(km2)
Average Growth Area
per year (ha)
Pre-British 23.8
1850 – 1900 68.7 90
1901-1950 71.2 48
1951-65 117.2 323
1966-80 175.7 390
1981-90 245.6 699
1991-2000 326.0 804
2001-2006 397.8 1196

16. Vision and Strategies
Key Issues
Urbanization
Unsustainable
Physical
Growth Trends
based on
motorized circulation,
single central high-rise
business district and cultural
center
low-density suburbs,
segregated and widely
separated land-use zones
and
open-ended growth in the
size of its population and
physical area

17. Densities
Majority of developed urban land (90%) comprises low-density (less than 150 persons per
hectare), for the rich minority (42% of the population), while the poor (58 % of the
population) are crammed into a tiny proportion of the urban area (10%), at densities over a
thousand persons per hectare.
Vision and Strategies
Key Issues
Urbanization

18. Our (TLP) studies have shown
conclusively that there is no need to
expand the urban area of Lahore.
There is more than enough space and
invested infrastructure capacity in the
existing developed urban area to
accommodate the projected doubling
of the population over the next 25
years!
Infrastructure Capacity
Vision and Strategies
Key Issues
Urbanization

19. •Sustainable economy based on need rather than greed;
•Extraction from resources should not exceed their rates of renewal and
re-generation;
•All that is consumed should be fully recycled;
•Toxic and non-recyclable waste should be eliminated;
•Equitable distribution of wealth
Progressive taxation on incomes, movable and immovable property, and
conspicuous consumption ;
Full employment opportunities for working population;
Place of work located within walking distance of place of residence;
•Integrate housing for all income and occupational groups;
•Integrate land uses, particularly housing, employment and social
infrastructure;
•Balance location of urban services and facilities in relation to
population for each neighborhood;
Principles & Policies

20. •Integrate urban economy with economy of host region
•Organic farming in host region and artisanal manufacture of commodities
at village, town and city levels based on natural raw materials and
renewable energy will:
reduce unemployment;
improve balance of payments;
produce healthier food;
reduce of environmental degradation;
result in 100% recycling; and
zero waste
•Tertiary Services: markets, trading and services at village, town and
city levels
•Taxation of non-essential consumption and investment of revenues in
social infrastructure will:
reduce income disparities;
provide better quality of life; and
reduce unemployment;
Economic Strategy

21. • Equitable utilization of urban resources including land and invested
infrastructure. This will:
Rationalize urban densities;
create space for social infrastructure (education, health, recreation etc.) in high
density areas; and
optimize utilization of surplus capacity in low-density areas;
• Pedestrian circulation will
Reduce motor vehicle traffic;
Reduce traffic accidents;
Reduce noise and air pollution;
Reduce dependence on non-renewable energy;
Save foreign exchange;
Permit higher densities;
Provide space for social infrastructure including recreation;
Provide for better community integration;
Urban Strategies

22. •Integration of land uses
•Integration of income groups
•Low-rise
•Low-tech
•High density
•Control of urban expansion. This will:
Conserve green areas including agriculture,
forests and water bodies;
Reduce utility infrastructure costs;
Urban Strategies

23. Regional Structure
Populati
on /UnitUnits
Quant
ity
4000Village 400
17000Town 80
375000city 11
7000000
Metropolis
comprising of
18 ‘cities’ 1
Regional Strategies

24. Union Council Pop. = 38282
Density
Persons
/hectares
Area:
hectares
Highest 1500 25.5
high 700 54.7
Low 125 306.3
Lowest 37 1034.6
Alternate Urban Strategies

25. Walkable
Town
Pop: 306256
Area: 4 sq. km
Density: 765/ha
Motorized
Union Council
Pop: 38282
Area: 9 sq km
Density: 42.5/ha
Alternate Urban Strategies

26. Motorised City
Pop: 2,450,048
Green City
Pop: 2,450,048 Density: 765/ha
Alternate Urban Strategies

27. Green
Megalopolis
Pop: 9,800,192
Alternate Urban Strategies

28. Our Vision for Lahore
A center of urbanity and civilization
A city that thrives in a symbiotic relationship with its region.

29. Our Goals
• Realization of our highest human potential.
• the greatest challenges of the new millennium is the conservation
of our humanity and our environment
• Our humanity is defined by the universal set of qualities and
values that define what it means to be “human” – qualities such as
Love, Compassion, Justice and Beauty – not by quantities such as
gross national product, monetary wealth and material possessions

30. For the Conservation of our Humanity & our Environment
www.thelahoreproject.com