This document discusses using GIS mapping software to conduct feasibility studies for municipal broadband networks. It allows planning optimal fiber routes while estimating construction costs. Key benefits of this approach include using aerial imagery to assess underground constructability and plan aerial routes. Field data collection and permit applications can then be automated. This reduces engineering time and costs compared to traditional design methods.
Are NYS’s privately owned lLEC’s to big to failRich Frank
I think not! These family owned phone companies have lived a Rockefeller type lifestyle for years. They squandered huge profits in their wire line hay days. They collected wire maintenance charges for years and spent the earnings on themselves. Now they cry wolf to the NYS Broadband Office for funding to sustain their local monopolies. We need to convince them to partner with key competitors allowing access to their OSP fiber assets. I think not! These family owned phone companies have lived a Rockefeller type lifestyle for years. They squandered huge profits in their wire line hay days. They collected wire maintenance charges for years and spent the earnings on themselves. Now they cry wolf to the NYS Broadband Office for funding to sustain their local monopolies. We need to convince them to partner with key competitors allowing access to their OSP fiber assets.
Are NYS’s privately owned lLEC’s to big to failRich Frank
I think not! These family owned phone companies have lived a Rockefeller type lifestyle for years. They squandered huge profits in their wire line hay days. They collected wire maintenance charges for years and spent the earnings on themselves. Now they cry wolf to the NYS Broadband Office for funding to sustain their local monopolies. We need to convince them to partner with key competitors allowing access to their OSP fiber assets. I think not! These family owned phone companies have lived a Rockefeller type lifestyle for years. They squandered huge profits in their wire line hay days. They collected wire maintenance charges for years and spent the earnings on themselves. Now they cry wolf to the NYS Broadband Office for funding to sustain their local monopolies. We need to convince them to partner with key competitors allowing access to their OSP fiber assets.
Provisioning Bandwidth & Logical Circuits Using Telecom-Based GIS.SSP Innovations
Those that have implemented Fiber Manager understand that the product focuses on managing the physical infrastructure of your telecom network including fiber optic, microwave, copper, and various other communication mediums. However, many customers have long been interested in managing the logical network in addition to the physical infrastructure. And this means managing bandwidth allocation to the various users, systems, services, or customers whose traffic traverses your physical facilities. Join us for this session as we explore how Tri-State G&T is working to customize Fiber Manager to include the provisioning of their logical circuits from an OC-192 all the way down to a DS0 with everything in between. The future of Fiber Manager may be closer than you think!
Real time path planning based on hybrid-vanet-enhanced transportation systemShakas Technologies
Real-time path planning can efficiently relieve traffic congestion in urban scenarios. However, how to design an efficient path-planning algorithm to achieve a globally optimal vehicle traffic control still remains a challenging problem, particularly when we take drivers’ individual preferences into consideration
Daknet ppt ( prepared by me for seminar in my college )Nikhil Jain
DakNet is an ad hoc network which uses wireless technology to provide digital connectivity.
DakNet takes advantages of the existing transportation and communication infrastructure to provide digital connectivity. DakNet offers a cost-effective network for data connectivity in regions lacking communications infrastructure. Instead of trying to relay data over long distances, which can be expensive, DakNet transmits data over short point-to-point links between kiosks and portable storage devices called Mobile Access Points (MAP). DakNet takes advantages of the existing transportation and communication infrastructure to provide digital connectivity.
A simple store-and-forward WiFi system, using a government bus as a central linkage. The bus contains a simple WiFi installation and server, and when in range of one of the outlying information kiosks it synchronizes data for later processing. Mounted and powered on a bus or motorcycle with a small generator MAP physically transports data between public kiosks and private communications devices and between kiosks and a hub (for non real time internet access). Low cost Wi-Fi radio transceivers transfer data stored in MAP at high bandwidth for each point-to-point connection.
Space for Smarter Government Programme (SSGP)techUK
Presented by Sara Huntingdon, Space for Smarter Government Programme Manager, UK Space Agency in the techUK Satellite Applications & Services Conference, 2nd Oct. 2015
Data Communication Lecture Slides containing a timeline on the history of data communication and the definition ob basic data communication terms and concepts based largely on the book Electronic Communication by Wayne Tomasi.
Provisioning Bandwidth & Logical Circuits Using Telecom-Based GIS.SSP Innovations
Those that have implemented Fiber Manager understand that the product focuses on managing the physical infrastructure of your telecom network including fiber optic, microwave, copper, and various other communication mediums. However, many customers have long been interested in managing the logical network in addition to the physical infrastructure. And this means managing bandwidth allocation to the various users, systems, services, or customers whose traffic traverses your physical facilities. Join us for this session as we explore how Tri-State G&T is working to customize Fiber Manager to include the provisioning of their logical circuits from an OC-192 all the way down to a DS0 with everything in between. The future of Fiber Manager may be closer than you think!
Real time path planning based on hybrid-vanet-enhanced transportation systemShakas Technologies
Real-time path planning can efficiently relieve traffic congestion in urban scenarios. However, how to design an efficient path-planning algorithm to achieve a globally optimal vehicle traffic control still remains a challenging problem, particularly when we take drivers’ individual preferences into consideration
Daknet ppt ( prepared by me for seminar in my college )Nikhil Jain
DakNet is an ad hoc network which uses wireless technology to provide digital connectivity.
DakNet takes advantages of the existing transportation and communication infrastructure to provide digital connectivity. DakNet offers a cost-effective network for data connectivity in regions lacking communications infrastructure. Instead of trying to relay data over long distances, which can be expensive, DakNet transmits data over short point-to-point links between kiosks and portable storage devices called Mobile Access Points (MAP). DakNet takes advantages of the existing transportation and communication infrastructure to provide digital connectivity.
A simple store-and-forward WiFi system, using a government bus as a central linkage. The bus contains a simple WiFi installation and server, and when in range of one of the outlying information kiosks it synchronizes data for later processing. Mounted and powered on a bus or motorcycle with a small generator MAP physically transports data between public kiosks and private communications devices and between kiosks and a hub (for non real time internet access). Low cost Wi-Fi radio transceivers transfer data stored in MAP at high bandwidth for each point-to-point connection.
Space for Smarter Government Programme (SSGP)techUK
Presented by Sara Huntingdon, Space for Smarter Government Programme Manager, UK Space Agency in the techUK Satellite Applications & Services Conference, 2nd Oct. 2015
Data Communication Lecture Slides containing a timeline on the history of data communication and the definition ob basic data communication terms and concepts based largely on the book Electronic Communication by Wayne Tomasi.
The characteristics of SecondaryCharged Particlesproduced in 4.5 A GeV/c 28Si...IOSR Journals
To study the characteristics of secondary charged particles produced in 4.5GeV/c 28Si-nucleus interactions a lot of rigorous attempts have been made. The results reveal that the multiplicity correlations are not linear. The findings do not agree with those reported by several earlier workers. However, these correlations may be reproduced quite well by second order polynomial. It is also observed that the dependence of mean normalized, RA and reduced multiplicity, RS on the multiplicity of different charged secondaries is linear up to a certain value and then acquire almost a constant value. Results also reveal that the Kth root of central moment increases with the increase of <ns> and the values of normalized moments do not depend on the nature and the energy of the projectiles. Finally, it is observed that the integral multiplicity distribution of heavily ionizing tracks provide a method for selecting the disintegrations caused by the projectile due to different target nuclei of nuclear emulsion.
The Use of Markov Model in Continuous Time for Prediction of Rainfall for Cro...IOSR Journals
In a first order Markov process, if the state is known for any specific values of the time parameter,
that information is sufficient to predict the next behavior of the process beyond that point. This principle was
used to formulate a four-state model in continuous time to study the annual rainfall data with respect to the
annual rainfall distribution for crop production in minna. It was observed that if it is low rainfall in a given
year, it would take at most 25%,33% and 27% of the time to make a transition to moderate rainfall also well
spread, high rainfall, and moderate rainfall but not well spread respectively in the far future. Thus given the
rainfall in a year, it is possible to determine quantitatively the probability of finding rainfall in other states in
the following year and in the long run. This is an important information that could assist the farmers to plan
strategies for high crop production in the region
Numerical Simulation on Mixed Convection Flow within Triangular Enclosures Ha...IOSR Journals
This paper is conducted to investigate mixed convection flow within triangular enclosures having heatline concept. Here the left vertical wall which is moving from the bottom corner of the enclosure is also kept at a uniform constant cold temperature and the bottom wall is heat generating, while the other inclined wall is adiabatic. A finite element analysis is performed for solving the governing equations which are discretized by Galerkin weighted residual method of finite element formulation. The present numerical procedure adopted in this investigation yields consistent performance over a wide range of parameters Prandtl number, Pr (Pr = 0.71 - 6) varying Rayleigh number (Ra) from 103 to 104 while Reynolds number, Re (Re = 50) is fixed. The Result also indicates streamlines, isotherms, average Nusselt number along the hot wall, average temperature of the fluid in the enclosure. The computational results also indicate that the average Nusselt number at the hot wall of the Enclosure is depending on the dimensionless parameters.
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies of Extracts from the Leaves of Tithon...IOSR Journals
Phytochemical screening of extracts from the leaves of Tithonia diversifolia displayed the presence of
Alkaloids, Saponin, Saponin glycoside, Tannin, Balsam, Cardiac glycoside and Volatile oil. Spectrophotometric
analysis for trace metals, Phosphorus and Sulphur showed that T. diversifolia contained Mn (0.490+0.001
mg/100g), Zn (1.609+0.001 mg/100g), Cu (0.454+0.001 mg/100g), Ni (0.758+0.001 mg/100g), Fe
(0.690+0.002 mg/100g), P (55.62+0.200 mg/100g) and S (709+1.000 mg/100g). The medicinal properties of
the extract were evaluated in-vitro by antimicrobial and antifungal assays. The aqueous extract (but not
methanol and petroleum ether extracts) showed growth inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus and
Escherichia coli, but Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were resistant to all the plant
extracts and the antibiotic controls. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the aqueous extract of T.
diversifolia on S. aureus and E. coli were both 12.50mg. The Minimum Bacterial Concentration (MBC) of the
aqueous extract against the test organism ranged from 12.50mg to 25.00mg.
Service Graphics 2015 has seen our installation crews busy crossing the country do great work. To showcase just some of the marquee projects delivered our 2015 yearbook is hot off the press. Have a look and see what our specialist teams can do for you. #wechangespace
the real cost of fiber-Aerial constructionSoudAbdallah
Things to Consider when constructing a new
fiber optic facility as all factors affect cost
• Who owns the poles: Pole ownership can affect cost
due to permitting fees. These fees can be
reoccurring each year for every attachment.
• Condition of the pole line: This will affect the make
ready costs as factors such as height and class of
pole, age of pole, can proper clearances be obtained
( from other utilities on pole and over streets /
highways), can pole be accessed by trucks or will it
have to be climbed.
• Will your organization have the resources to
maintain plant in house or will it be contracted out.Considerations continued
• Permitting Fees: pole attachment fees can range
from $5.00 to $15.00 per attachment – per pole
• For example using 22 poles per mile and a single
attachment $110.00 to $330.00 in fees could be
incurred per mile each year.
• Make Ready Cost ( cost to bring pole in
compliance with NESC and / or owners
specifications) to be able to make the new
attachment vary widely. There may be no cost
for some poles and considerable cost for othersConsiderations
• One actual example was a make ready charge of
$42,000.00 for seven pole attachments
• If trucks can access pole then speed of construction
increases and cost per mile drops. If each pole has to
be climbed by a lineman ( mountainous areas for
example) then production drops and costs increase
• Another permitting fee example would be railroad
crossings. $10,000+ to prepare and submit the
required engineering drawings.Examples of Aerial Construction.Costs
Materials and labor excluding Splicing Based
on a 288F Cable
• $15,420.00 to $21,588.00 per mile for stand and lash method. Note –
this type of construction would be located in the communications
space on the pole.
• $23,647.00 to $33,106.00 per mile for ADSS construction. Note –
Based on being constructed in the supply space on the pole.
Buried Fiber
• Fiber Count/Network Design
• Installation Labor
• Urban vs Rural
• Terrain
• Other Factors
- Size of Cable
- Placement of Electronics
- Active Network
- Passive Optical Network (PON)
- Splitter Types (32/16/8)Buried Fiber
• Fiber Count/Network Design
• Installation Labor
• Urban vs Rural
• Terrain
• Other Factors
- In House vs. Contract Labor
- Davis Bacon (Prevailing Wage)
- Trenching, Plowing, BoringBuried Fiber
• Fiber Count/Network Design
• Installation Labor
• Urban vs Rural
• Terrain
• Other Factors
- What Is In My Path
- Locates
- Permits
- Easements / Right of waysBuried Fiber
• Fiber Count/Network Design
• Installation Labor
• Urban vs Rural
• Terrain
• Other Factors
- Mountain, Piedmont, Coastal
- Rock Boring ($150-$200)
- Steep Inclines
- Little to No Shoulder
- Clay, Swamp, SandBuried Fiber
• Fiber Count/Network Design
• Installation Labor
• Urban vs Rural
• Terrain
• Other Factors
RSN Buried Fiber Cost Per Mile Avg
$28,000 - $60,000 (Rural)
- Railways
- Bridges (Bodies of Water)
- Demand for Materials
- Demand for Labor
- Impacts of COVID-19Drop and CPE Cost
• Avg
STUDY OF VANET ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR END TO END DELAYcscpconf
Less than a century since the automobile was made affordable enough for the general public, hundreds of millions of vehicles now travel along highways and streets around the
world. Innovations in safety, comfort, and convenience have made vast improvements in
automobiles during that time, and now new technologies promise to change the face of
vehicular travel once again. Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is network which provides the communication between vehicle to vehicle for p r o v i d i n g i n f o r m a t i o n t o travelers with new features and applications that have never previously been possible. This paper focuses
on vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communications in VANET. Lot of research is going on for
determining route between source and destination vehicles for routing the information with
good packet delivery ratio. In this paper we provide a simulation and study of VANET Routing Protocols for end-to-end delay in V2V communication.
Study of vanet routing protocols for end to end delaycsandit
Less than a century since the automobile was made affordable enough for the general
public, hundreds of millions of vehicles now travel along highways and streets around the
world. Innovations in safety, comfort, and convenience have made vast improvements in
automobiles during that time, and now new technologies promise to change the face of
vehicular travel once again. Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is network which provides the
communication between vehicle to vehicle for p r o v i d i n g i n f o rma t i o n t o travelers with
new features and applications that have never previously been possible. This paper focuses
on vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communications in VANET. Lot of research is going on for
determining route between source and destination vehicles for routing the information with
good packet delivery ratio. In this paper we provide a simulation and study of VANET Routing
Protocols for end-to-end delay in V2V communication.
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
Discover the power of a simple 7-second brain wave ritual that can attract wealth and abundance into your life. By tapping into specific brain frequencies, this technique helps you manifest financial success effortlessly. Ready to transform your financial future? Try this powerful ritual and start attracting money today!
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
ER(Entity Relationship) Diagram for online shopping - TAEHimani415946
https://bit.ly/3KACoyV
The ER diagram for the project is the foundation for the building of the database of the project. The properties, datatypes, and attributes are defined by the ER diagram.
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
guildmasters guide to ravnica Dungeons & Dragons 5...
Cost Effective Muni Broadband Design
1. Cost Effective Muni Broadband Feasibility Studies
Broadband Consulting Firms generally provide useless
white paper service availability & demographics data
Richard Frank 518-491-7768
email: rffrank2468@aol.com
OSP Design & Construction
Mapping analyzes the data to plan optimal routes between target locations ,
estimate actual construction costs to determine if there is a business case
6. (GPON) Gigabit Passive Optical Network Architecture is a cost effective design solution
Gigabit Ethernet FTTH configurations use the least amount of electronics and Outside Plant equipment and
are the most cost effective to deploy and operate. Below are two of the most common deployment strategies
An efficient FTTH Gigabit Ethernet Ring (E-Ring)
FTTH Gigabit Ethernet deployment is a Point to Point Ethernet network.
7. Factor in Network Equipment Cost Per Premises
Equipment cost per home passed and per connection (FTTx/VDSL will be $250.00 and
FTTH/GPON will be $150.00), Based on 2014 cost of equipment. We assume a 5% annual
reduction in unit costs of GPON equipment. We expect the cost per premises passed for
FTTC/VDSL and FTTB/VDSL to rise. GPON budget assumes 30% of households to commit to
service before rollout starts. Below chart illustrates cost per premises (USD) FTTC/VDSL
pass FTTB/VDSL pass FTTx/VDSL connect FTTH/GPON pass FTTH/GPON connect
8. Fiber Design Efficiencies cost savings
1. Drive teams dispatched to drive up and
down streets in a target area to determine
Aerial vs. Underground construction
2. Drive teams sketch proposed routes and
send to CAD to create prelim field
drawings, usually takes weeks to convert
field notes to actual drawings for the field
3. After prelim route drawings created in
CAD drive teams re dispatched to collect
pole data & construction details for CDs
4. Field data collected sent in to complete
pole applications, ROW permits and to
the CAD Dept. to create a set of actual
Construction Drawings
1. Aerial vs. Underground assessment
completed via raster images embedded in
GIS mapping takes days vs. weeks or
months
2. Route drawings are created in mapping as
part of the assessment process.A few clicks
and you print scaled field drawings for
survey teams.
3. The scaled GIS drawings go to the field so
teams can collect pole data & verify
underground constructability.
4. Field data can be collected and input
electronically to create CDs. Mapping
utilities can auto complete pole
applications, determine municipalities to
contacted for permits.
Traditional Method Our Approach
9. Aerial & Underground Fiber Build Cost Synopsis
Some communications providers have excess fiber strands. Fiber count in cables ranges from 6 to
24 near residences and individual businesses to more than 1,000 on backbone routes. The cost of
a 6-count fiber cable is $2,000 per mile, while an 864-count cable is $50,000 per mile, implying a
marginal cost of approximately $50 per fiber per mile. Actual costs for fiber purchase or lease, of
course, reflect market costs and depend on the total availability of fiber over the route–and are
thus, typically, considerably higher; however, fiber lease or purchase may be a serious
consideration over routes where construction is difficult or costly and considerable fiber has
already been installed (e.g., river crossings, tunnels).
Aerial Versus Underground Typical construction is a mixture of aerial and underground
techniques. Aerial construction can be completed for $20,000 per mile. Aerial construction may
be more expensive when poles are crowded or when the utility pole owner charges high rates for
access. Worst-case costs can be $100,000 per mile (which usually would lead a network owner to
build underground or over another route). Underground construction also has a wide cost range.
In areas where restoration is not important and long continuous runs are possible (e.g., rural
areas, in dirt, on the side of interstate roads), “plowing” the fiber into the ground is an
inexpensive option— approximately $40,000 per mile. In more built-up areas, directional boring
is necessary, because it is less destructive to the right-of-way and requires less restoration. Boring
is more expensive, approximately $60,000 to $100,000 per mile. Boring also limits the amount of
cable and conduit that can be built. (Two 2-inch conduit is a typical limit, corresponding to four
medium-sized fiber optic cables.)
10. Drawings created in GIS mapping software. Right of Way, Geography and
Demographic Spatial data is imported and analyzed to make the business case.
Please note the elaborate geocompression analytical tools in the drop down window
A few clicks and we print scaled field drawings for teams to drive.
11. Aerial vs. Underground route assessments are completed using embedding Raster
images translucently in the background of our GIS mapping software.
Screen shot below shows a mile high view of a given target area. GIS designs eliminates the need for field teams driving every road in
the area to see if poles exist on streets for aerial route planning. Red dots are poles for aerial placement, blue dots are vault
placements for underground routes (purple lines).
12. Screenshot below is zoomed into the center of previous mile high Raster imagery view.
Designing in a virtual world significantly reduces overall engineering time and cost.
How we use imagery to find existing poles for aerial cable routing.
13. Screenshot below is zoomed into an underground portion to show level of detail
available to accurately design UG paths and structure placement.
Using Raster images embedded translucently in ESRI GIS allows the drafter is able to see actual field conditions as they plan routes and
placement of PON cabinets and underground structures. Traditionally this was done in CAD. All the drafter saw was black and white
ROW & pavement lines. All too often these structures were drawn in middle of sidewalks or other places they couldn’t be installed. The
ole “looks good on paper” was not an efficient method of network drawing creation .
14. Below depicts how we use Google Earth or Bing street view feature to conduct a
virtual survey of planned routes. In doing so we assess the extent of aerial make
ready and identify UG constructability issues.
Note this street is very light make ready (only one cable attached) and has existing UG fiber. You can see the fiber
optic cable marker post.
15. Electronic pole data collection for aerial attachments.
The attachments can be captured via (DMT) Digital Measuring Technology. We can import
electronic pole data to GIS using ESRI conversion tools.
Below is example of the Ocalc system
Osmose developed for the RBOC ‘s.
Below is GE’s answer to the
Osmose product offering
16. GIS data exported to auto populate pole sheets and attachment applications
reducing field survey costs.
The data can be collected manually (shown below) or electronically . If collected manually we
insert spreadsheet data to mapping via layer attributes.
17. GIS mapping utilities also determine municipalities, agencies and pole owners to be
contacted for cable attachments, ROW, zoning and permitting.
Below is a sample Pole Attachment
Application
Below is a typical neighborhood
demographic shown in spatial data
18. Screenshot below is of GIS data exported to Google Earth. Google Earth is
available via free download. Is user friendly allowing us to publically share
mapping designs with stakeholders and the general public alike.
19. Remaining Slides are representative of
source data analyzed for route selections
Below cover sheet from our NYS Rural Broadband Case Study