The document provides an overview of planning for fiber-optic construction projects. It discusses the importance of long-term strategic planning to future-proof the network, as bandwidth needs will continue increasing. The key steps outlined include developing a long-term strategy, planning the fiber route and considering future needs, addressing regulatory and financing issues, and managing the project workflow. Attention to detail in the planning phase is emphasized to avoid costly issues down the road.
Server Load Balancing on pfSense 2.4 - pfSense Hangout July 2017Netgate
- relayd and HAProxy can both be used for load balancing on pfSense, but HAProxy is more powerful, flexible, and reliable as a true proxy.
- An example setup demonstrated configuring relayd and HAProxy for load balancing multiple web servers, with HAProxy able to offload SSL and use ACLs to route requests based on hostname.
- Let's Encrypt certificates can be automated for HAProxy using a Lua script and the ACME package to validate via HTTP.
Este documento presenta el diagnóstico urbano de la ciudad de Curicó luego del terremoto de febrero de 2010. Describe las condiciones existentes de la ciudad, los daños del terremoto, y analiza temas como usos de suelo, infraestructura, transporte, patrimonio y espacios públicos. Se identifican problemas como viviendas destruidas, terrenos vacantes en el centro, y se analizan las demandas de la comunidad para la reconstrucción sustentable de Curicó.
This document summarizes a research paper about ensuring privacy protection in distributed industrial systems. It begins with an abstract that discusses how traditional cybersecurity approaches may not be effective for industrial networks due to their unique characteristics. It then provides background on industrial automation control systems and typical network configurations. The main goal of the paper is to assess the current security situation for most industrial distributed systems and discuss key elements like system characteristics, standardization efforts, and effective security controls.
The document models and analyzes a hybrid solar/wind power system for a small community in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Data on solar radiation, temperature, and wind speed from 2002-2004 is used to simulate the power output of photovoltaic panels, a wind turbine, and the combined hybrid system in MATLAB. The results show the hybrid system is capable of meeting the community's 2.015 kW load demand throughout the year, except in July, with the solar and wind resources complementing each other to generate reliable power. Peak hybrid power generation occurs in March-May when solar radiation is high and wind speeds are moderate.
The document discusses improving productivity in the assembly line of an automobile industry. It analyzes time and motion studies conducted at Tata Motors in Lucknow, India to assess the assembly of accelerator pedals. The study found that total time taken was originally 124 seconds with 73.2 meters of worker motion. By implementing improvements like using a trolley and changing the layout, total time was reduced to 51 seconds and motion was reduced to 32 meters. This represented a 58.3% decrease in time and 56.3% decrease in worker motion. The analysis demonstrated that time and motion studies can effectively identify opportunities to streamline assembly processes and improve productivity.
This document summarizes a study of 8 cases of Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in Iraq. The patients ranged from 7-10 years old. Diagnosis was based on clinical features and detection of measles virus antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid and serum using ELISA and PCR techniques. ELISA showed all 8 patients were positive for measles virus IgG in serum and CSF. PCR also confirmed presence of measles virus genomic DNA in all patients. 5 patients showed evidence of oligoclonal bands in CSF. The study highlights the importance of childhood measles immunization programs in preventing SSPE.
1) The document analyzes wind speed data from 2009-2013 at 8 locations in Gujarat, India to assess their wind energy potential.
2) It finds the average wind speeds are low, making large-scale wind farms technically unfeasible. However, it concludes the locations may be suitable for small-scale wind applications to power agriculture, small industries, or minor grid connections.
3) The study analyzes the wind data using the Weibull distribution method and finds it provides a good fit for characterizing the low wind speeds at the locations.
This document proposes a new classifier based on recurrent neural networks using multiple binary-output networks. Instead of one large neural network with many outputs, it uses multiple simple recurrent neural networks, each trained on a single class and outputting a binary true/false prediction. A decision layer is added to each network to determine the final classification from the sequence of outputs. The method is tested on a database of 17,000 handwritten Iranian city names, achieving a top-1 classification rate of 83.9% and average reliability of 72.3%. Experimental results show the effectiveness of using multiple simpler networks instead of one complex network for classification.
Server Load Balancing on pfSense 2.4 - pfSense Hangout July 2017Netgate
- relayd and HAProxy can both be used for load balancing on pfSense, but HAProxy is more powerful, flexible, and reliable as a true proxy.
- An example setup demonstrated configuring relayd and HAProxy for load balancing multiple web servers, with HAProxy able to offload SSL and use ACLs to route requests based on hostname.
- Let's Encrypt certificates can be automated for HAProxy using a Lua script and the ACME package to validate via HTTP.
Este documento presenta el diagnóstico urbano de la ciudad de Curicó luego del terremoto de febrero de 2010. Describe las condiciones existentes de la ciudad, los daños del terremoto, y analiza temas como usos de suelo, infraestructura, transporte, patrimonio y espacios públicos. Se identifican problemas como viviendas destruidas, terrenos vacantes en el centro, y se analizan las demandas de la comunidad para la reconstrucción sustentable de Curicó.
This document summarizes a research paper about ensuring privacy protection in distributed industrial systems. It begins with an abstract that discusses how traditional cybersecurity approaches may not be effective for industrial networks due to their unique characteristics. It then provides background on industrial automation control systems and typical network configurations. The main goal of the paper is to assess the current security situation for most industrial distributed systems and discuss key elements like system characteristics, standardization efforts, and effective security controls.
The document models and analyzes a hybrid solar/wind power system for a small community in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Data on solar radiation, temperature, and wind speed from 2002-2004 is used to simulate the power output of photovoltaic panels, a wind turbine, and the combined hybrid system in MATLAB. The results show the hybrid system is capable of meeting the community's 2.015 kW load demand throughout the year, except in July, with the solar and wind resources complementing each other to generate reliable power. Peak hybrid power generation occurs in March-May when solar radiation is high and wind speeds are moderate.
The document discusses improving productivity in the assembly line of an automobile industry. It analyzes time and motion studies conducted at Tata Motors in Lucknow, India to assess the assembly of accelerator pedals. The study found that total time taken was originally 124 seconds with 73.2 meters of worker motion. By implementing improvements like using a trolley and changing the layout, total time was reduced to 51 seconds and motion was reduced to 32 meters. This represented a 58.3% decrease in time and 56.3% decrease in worker motion. The analysis demonstrated that time and motion studies can effectively identify opportunities to streamline assembly processes and improve productivity.
This document summarizes a study of 8 cases of Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in Iraq. The patients ranged from 7-10 years old. Diagnosis was based on clinical features and detection of measles virus antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid and serum using ELISA and PCR techniques. ELISA showed all 8 patients were positive for measles virus IgG in serum and CSF. PCR also confirmed presence of measles virus genomic DNA in all patients. 5 patients showed evidence of oligoclonal bands in CSF. The study highlights the importance of childhood measles immunization programs in preventing SSPE.
1) The document analyzes wind speed data from 2009-2013 at 8 locations in Gujarat, India to assess their wind energy potential.
2) It finds the average wind speeds are low, making large-scale wind farms technically unfeasible. However, it concludes the locations may be suitable for small-scale wind applications to power agriculture, small industries, or minor grid connections.
3) The study analyzes the wind data using the Weibull distribution method and finds it provides a good fit for characterizing the low wind speeds at the locations.
This document proposes a new classifier based on recurrent neural networks using multiple binary-output networks. Instead of one large neural network with many outputs, it uses multiple simple recurrent neural networks, each trained on a single class and outputting a binary true/false prediction. A decision layer is added to each network to determine the final classification from the sequence of outputs. The method is tested on a database of 17,000 handwritten Iranian city names, achieving a top-1 classification rate of 83.9% and average reliability of 72.3%. Experimental results show the effectiveness of using multiple simpler networks instead of one complex network for classification.
This document summarizes a literature review on safety modules for vehicular driver assistance systems. It describes an embedded surveillance and safety system designed using a Raspberry Pi development board, ultrasonic sensors, and a camera. The system provides driver assistance by determining distance between vehicles using ultrasonic sensors and monitoring lane boundaries using image processing of camera video to detect lane departure. The document outlines the hardware components, software implementation, and concludes the system can provide vehicle safety in traffic while reducing costs compared to other development boards.
This document summarizes the design and analysis of a front mono suspension for motorcycles. It begins with an abstract that outlines how shock absorbers are commonly used in motorcycle suspensions to provide handling, braking, and ride comfort. The document then reviews different types of existing front suspensions, including telescopic forks and upside-down forks. It proposes replacing the standard telescopic fork design with a front mono shock suspension, which uses a single shock absorber connected to the frame and front wheel via a linkage. This mono shock design aims to improve handling and braking performance over traditional telescopic forks.
This document describes a simulation program that models and analyzes the performance of local area networks (LANs) using different topologies, including ring, star, double ring, and standby ring. The simulation uses a technique called register insertion to model message transmission between stations on the network. It tracks various statistical metrics like message throughput, errors, and delays. The goal is to evaluate which topology performs best under different traffic loads and noise conditions. The simulation is implemented as a web application to allow users to configure and run trials of the model.
This document analyzes and conducts a computational study of a 500m tall, 50m diameter cylindrical reinforced concrete tower that would be used in a solar chimney power plant. The tower is subjected to its own weight, wind loads, and pressure from air flowing inside. Numerical simulations are performed using finite element analysis software to examine the effects of these loads on the tower's stability and strength. Ring stiffeners are included in the design to prevent ovalization of the structure under loads. The results provide insights into the mechanical behavior of this high tower structure for converting solar energy to electricity via airflow through the solar chimney power plant system.
This document summarizes an article about using a multi-layer perceptron neural network for image-based pattern recognition. It discusses the key stages of acquiring an input image, preprocessing it through normalization and filtering, extracting features related to color, texture and shape, and then classifying the image using a trained multi-layer perceptron network. The network is trained using backpropagation to minimize an error function by adjusting weights between layers. This allows the network to learn from examples and perform recognition on new images by outputting the predicted class based on the features.
This document analyzes the effect of angle of incidence on the damping derivative of a delta wing with curved leading edges for attached shock cases in supersonic flow. It uses a strip theory combined with Ghosh's piston theory to derive an equation relating pressure on the wing surface to local piston Mach number. The damping derivative is then calculated by taking the derivative of pitching moment with respect to angle of attack. Results show the damping derivative increases linearly with angle of attack up to a limiting value that depends on Mach number, and decreases in magnitude with increasing Mach number from 2 to 4. The damping derivative is also lower for a half-sine wave curved leading edge compared to a full sine wave.
1) The document discusses how Jesus Christ reconciled both Jews and Gentiles and broke down the dividing wall of hostility between them.
2) It explains that through Jesus' blood and sacrifice on the cross, He created one new humanity and brought peace by ending the mutual enmity between Jews and Gentiles.
3) The document promotes that all people can receive God's blessing, salvation, and inheritance through faith in Jesus Christ, who loves everyone and wants to give them the blessings found in heaven and earth.
This document evaluates the quality performance of a ready mix concrete (RMC) plant in Mumbai, India using the Six Sigma approach. The study found that the existing sigma level of the RMC production process was 1.23, which is very low compared to manufacturing industry standards. The process capability was also low at 0.54, and control charts showed the process to be out of statistical control. Various quality tools identified issues like high variation, an unstable process, and weak correlation between compressive strength and date of casting. The study concludes that Six Sigma can help identify root causes of variation, improve process stability and capability, and achieve more consistent quality for the RMC plant through a proactive quality management approach.
Este documento proporciona instrucciones sobre cómo presentar tablas, figuras y citas en el estilo APA. Explica cómo numerar y titular tablas y figuras, y cómo realizar citas textuales, de parafraseo y citas con diferentes números de autores, incluyendo la información requerida en cada caso. También describe cómo organizar la lista de referencias alfabéticamente al final del documento.
This document summarizes several existing techniques for image inpainting, including texture synthesis, geometric partial differential equations (PDEs), and coherence-based methods. It then proposes a combined model that incorporates elements of these different approaches into a variational framework. Specifically, it suggests combining texture synthesis, PDE-based diffusion, and enforcing coherence among neighboring pixels and across frames for video inpainting. The goal is to approximate the minimum of the proposed energy functional to better fill in missing or corrupted regions of images and video frames.
This document summarizes a research article that discusses approaches to prevent inter-domain Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) oscillations between autonomous systems (ASes). It first provides background on BGP and how ASes select routes. It then describes how inconsistent routing policies between ASes can cause oscillations where routes continuously change. The document reviews three categories of solutions: those requiring global coordination; those restricting routing policies; and those detecting conflicts during execution. Specific approaches discussed include collecting all routing policies in a database to check for conflicts, restricting policy types, and detecting conflicts through historic path or metric announcements between ASes.
This document identifies and assesses the most significant risk factors affecting public construction projects in Jordan. A survey was conducted with 108 participants from clients, consultants, and contractors. 53 risk factors were identified and categorized into 4 groups: technical, management, financial/market, and political/social/environmental. The risk factors were evaluated based on probability of occurrence, impact, and total effect. 20 factors were found to have a significant effect. The top 10 most significant risk factors included changes in design, management problems with contractors, design/contract errors, conflicts in documents, lack of planning/budgeting, financial problems for contractors, poor communication, bureaucracy/late approval, material wastage, and rework due to labor mistakes. The
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a middleware architecture to enable efficient access to web services from smartphones. The key issues addressed are loss of connection, limited bandwidth, limited smartphone resources, and security. The proposed solution involves transforming SOAP web services to RESTful services, optimizing responses through JSON to XML conversion, and using cryptographic algorithms for security. A mediation framework sits between web service clients and mobile hosts, allowing access to services over a peer-to-peer network. This improves scalability, reliability, and allows external clients to access mobile web services through the mediation framework.
This document discusses using super-resolution-based in-painting for object removal in images. It begins with an overview of in-painting and exemplar-based in-painting methods. It then proposes a new framework that combines exemplar-based in-painting with a single-image super-resolution method. This approach improves image quality by producing high-resolution outputs with less noise compared to exemplar-based in-painting alone. The document concludes the proposed method increases robustness for applications like satellite imaging and medical imaging by providing high quality images with damaged objects removed.
This document presents a methodology for minimizing active power losses in a distribution system through optimal placement and sizing of capacitors and distributed generation (DG). It involves identifying potential nodes for placement using loss sensitivity factors. Capacitor sizing is done by calculating the compensatory reactive power needed at different load levels. DG sizing considers different penetration levels from 10-90% of the total active load injected at potential nodes and different load levels, to determine the level that minimizes losses. The methodology is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink on 12, 15 and 33 bus test systems.
This document proposes an improved method for detecting sensor node failures in wireless sensor networks. It begins by discussing how sensor node failures can degrade network quality of service and the need to identify and replace faulty nodes. It then reviews existing methods for fault detection and identifies issues with those approaches. The document proposes measuring the round-trip time of data traveling round-trip paths through the network and comparing it to a threshold. Nodes common to paths with delays exceeding the threshold would be identified as faulty. Details of implementing this round-trip time and path based approach are provided. Related works applying other fault detection methods are also summarized.
This document analyzes violations of development control rules and building bylaws in Neeladri Nagar, Electronic City Phase 1, Bangalore. It finds significant average violations in road width (49%), plinth height (87.17%), building height (73.32%), front setbacks (98.36%), rear setbacks (38.93%), left setbacks (51.61%), right setbacks (68.29%), plot coverage (53.9%) and floor space index (208.8%). The study reveals widespread disregard for planning and construction standards in the area.
Buy cheap mother of the bride dresses australia sydressau.comGudeer Kitty
The document is a webpage from Sydressau.com advertising cheap mother of the bride dresses in Australia. It features several dress options on sale for 60-70% off their original prices. The page provides information on shipping, sizing, and allows customers to join their mailing list or follow them on social media. Sydressau specializes in affordable wedding party dresses and aims to make mother of the bride attire accessible to all budgets.
SD-WAN projects are an opportunity to leverage a new technology. Most SD-WAN projects also aim to capture substantial savings by deploying less expensive bandwidth or renegotiating contracts. But without careful attention to detail, the forecasted savings may not materialize.
This document discusses the benefits of hybrid wired and wireless broadband infrastructure for communities. It argues that communities should focus on conducting a thorough needs assessment to understand local broadband needs before deciding on a technology solution. A hybrid approach using both fiber optic cables and wireless access points can leverage existing infrastructure assets and meet more community needs in a cost-effective way. The document provides an overview of different wired and wireless technologies and examines case studies of communities that have successfully implemented hybrid networks. It encourages communities to think differently about their broadband requests for proposals processes and consider hybrid models that make the most of available technologies and resources.
Exploring options to partners with & opertors challengesVinod Sharma
Vinod Sharma is an experienced telecommunications professional currently working as a senior technical lead for Comviva Technologies in Nairobi, Kenya. He has over 10 years of experience in various technical and consulting roles for telecom companies in countries across East Africa and Southeast Asia. The document provides details on Vinod's work experience, areas of expertise, certifications, and presentations he will be giving at an upcoming telecom conference in South Africa on partnering with service providers and exploring infrastructure options.
This document summarizes a literature review on safety modules for vehicular driver assistance systems. It describes an embedded surveillance and safety system designed using a Raspberry Pi development board, ultrasonic sensors, and a camera. The system provides driver assistance by determining distance between vehicles using ultrasonic sensors and monitoring lane boundaries using image processing of camera video to detect lane departure. The document outlines the hardware components, software implementation, and concludes the system can provide vehicle safety in traffic while reducing costs compared to other development boards.
This document summarizes the design and analysis of a front mono suspension for motorcycles. It begins with an abstract that outlines how shock absorbers are commonly used in motorcycle suspensions to provide handling, braking, and ride comfort. The document then reviews different types of existing front suspensions, including telescopic forks and upside-down forks. It proposes replacing the standard telescopic fork design with a front mono shock suspension, which uses a single shock absorber connected to the frame and front wheel via a linkage. This mono shock design aims to improve handling and braking performance over traditional telescopic forks.
This document describes a simulation program that models and analyzes the performance of local area networks (LANs) using different topologies, including ring, star, double ring, and standby ring. The simulation uses a technique called register insertion to model message transmission between stations on the network. It tracks various statistical metrics like message throughput, errors, and delays. The goal is to evaluate which topology performs best under different traffic loads and noise conditions. The simulation is implemented as a web application to allow users to configure and run trials of the model.
This document analyzes and conducts a computational study of a 500m tall, 50m diameter cylindrical reinforced concrete tower that would be used in a solar chimney power plant. The tower is subjected to its own weight, wind loads, and pressure from air flowing inside. Numerical simulations are performed using finite element analysis software to examine the effects of these loads on the tower's stability and strength. Ring stiffeners are included in the design to prevent ovalization of the structure under loads. The results provide insights into the mechanical behavior of this high tower structure for converting solar energy to electricity via airflow through the solar chimney power plant system.
This document summarizes an article about using a multi-layer perceptron neural network for image-based pattern recognition. It discusses the key stages of acquiring an input image, preprocessing it through normalization and filtering, extracting features related to color, texture and shape, and then classifying the image using a trained multi-layer perceptron network. The network is trained using backpropagation to minimize an error function by adjusting weights between layers. This allows the network to learn from examples and perform recognition on new images by outputting the predicted class based on the features.
This document analyzes the effect of angle of incidence on the damping derivative of a delta wing with curved leading edges for attached shock cases in supersonic flow. It uses a strip theory combined with Ghosh's piston theory to derive an equation relating pressure on the wing surface to local piston Mach number. The damping derivative is then calculated by taking the derivative of pitching moment with respect to angle of attack. Results show the damping derivative increases linearly with angle of attack up to a limiting value that depends on Mach number, and decreases in magnitude with increasing Mach number from 2 to 4. The damping derivative is also lower for a half-sine wave curved leading edge compared to a full sine wave.
1) The document discusses how Jesus Christ reconciled both Jews and Gentiles and broke down the dividing wall of hostility between them.
2) It explains that through Jesus' blood and sacrifice on the cross, He created one new humanity and brought peace by ending the mutual enmity between Jews and Gentiles.
3) The document promotes that all people can receive God's blessing, salvation, and inheritance through faith in Jesus Christ, who loves everyone and wants to give them the blessings found in heaven and earth.
This document evaluates the quality performance of a ready mix concrete (RMC) plant in Mumbai, India using the Six Sigma approach. The study found that the existing sigma level of the RMC production process was 1.23, which is very low compared to manufacturing industry standards. The process capability was also low at 0.54, and control charts showed the process to be out of statistical control. Various quality tools identified issues like high variation, an unstable process, and weak correlation between compressive strength and date of casting. The study concludes that Six Sigma can help identify root causes of variation, improve process stability and capability, and achieve more consistent quality for the RMC plant through a proactive quality management approach.
Este documento proporciona instrucciones sobre cómo presentar tablas, figuras y citas en el estilo APA. Explica cómo numerar y titular tablas y figuras, y cómo realizar citas textuales, de parafraseo y citas con diferentes números de autores, incluyendo la información requerida en cada caso. También describe cómo organizar la lista de referencias alfabéticamente al final del documento.
This document summarizes several existing techniques for image inpainting, including texture synthesis, geometric partial differential equations (PDEs), and coherence-based methods. It then proposes a combined model that incorporates elements of these different approaches into a variational framework. Specifically, it suggests combining texture synthesis, PDE-based diffusion, and enforcing coherence among neighboring pixels and across frames for video inpainting. The goal is to approximate the minimum of the proposed energy functional to better fill in missing or corrupted regions of images and video frames.
This document summarizes a research article that discusses approaches to prevent inter-domain Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) oscillations between autonomous systems (ASes). It first provides background on BGP and how ASes select routes. It then describes how inconsistent routing policies between ASes can cause oscillations where routes continuously change. The document reviews three categories of solutions: those requiring global coordination; those restricting routing policies; and those detecting conflicts during execution. Specific approaches discussed include collecting all routing policies in a database to check for conflicts, restricting policy types, and detecting conflicts through historic path or metric announcements between ASes.
This document identifies and assesses the most significant risk factors affecting public construction projects in Jordan. A survey was conducted with 108 participants from clients, consultants, and contractors. 53 risk factors were identified and categorized into 4 groups: technical, management, financial/market, and political/social/environmental. The risk factors were evaluated based on probability of occurrence, impact, and total effect. 20 factors were found to have a significant effect. The top 10 most significant risk factors included changes in design, management problems with contractors, design/contract errors, conflicts in documents, lack of planning/budgeting, financial problems for contractors, poor communication, bureaucracy/late approval, material wastage, and rework due to labor mistakes. The
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a middleware architecture to enable efficient access to web services from smartphones. The key issues addressed are loss of connection, limited bandwidth, limited smartphone resources, and security. The proposed solution involves transforming SOAP web services to RESTful services, optimizing responses through JSON to XML conversion, and using cryptographic algorithms for security. A mediation framework sits between web service clients and mobile hosts, allowing access to services over a peer-to-peer network. This improves scalability, reliability, and allows external clients to access mobile web services through the mediation framework.
This document discusses using super-resolution-based in-painting for object removal in images. It begins with an overview of in-painting and exemplar-based in-painting methods. It then proposes a new framework that combines exemplar-based in-painting with a single-image super-resolution method. This approach improves image quality by producing high-resolution outputs with less noise compared to exemplar-based in-painting alone. The document concludes the proposed method increases robustness for applications like satellite imaging and medical imaging by providing high quality images with damaged objects removed.
This document presents a methodology for minimizing active power losses in a distribution system through optimal placement and sizing of capacitors and distributed generation (DG). It involves identifying potential nodes for placement using loss sensitivity factors. Capacitor sizing is done by calculating the compensatory reactive power needed at different load levels. DG sizing considers different penetration levels from 10-90% of the total active load injected at potential nodes and different load levels, to determine the level that minimizes losses. The methodology is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink on 12, 15 and 33 bus test systems.
This document proposes an improved method for detecting sensor node failures in wireless sensor networks. It begins by discussing how sensor node failures can degrade network quality of service and the need to identify and replace faulty nodes. It then reviews existing methods for fault detection and identifies issues with those approaches. The document proposes measuring the round-trip time of data traveling round-trip paths through the network and comparing it to a threshold. Nodes common to paths with delays exceeding the threshold would be identified as faulty. Details of implementing this round-trip time and path based approach are provided. Related works applying other fault detection methods are also summarized.
This document analyzes violations of development control rules and building bylaws in Neeladri Nagar, Electronic City Phase 1, Bangalore. It finds significant average violations in road width (49%), plinth height (87.17%), building height (73.32%), front setbacks (98.36%), rear setbacks (38.93%), left setbacks (51.61%), right setbacks (68.29%), plot coverage (53.9%) and floor space index (208.8%). The study reveals widespread disregard for planning and construction standards in the area.
Buy cheap mother of the bride dresses australia sydressau.comGudeer Kitty
The document is a webpage from Sydressau.com advertising cheap mother of the bride dresses in Australia. It features several dress options on sale for 60-70% off their original prices. The page provides information on shipping, sizing, and allows customers to join their mailing list or follow them on social media. Sydressau specializes in affordable wedding party dresses and aims to make mother of the bride attire accessible to all budgets.
SD-WAN projects are an opportunity to leverage a new technology. Most SD-WAN projects also aim to capture substantial savings by deploying less expensive bandwidth or renegotiating contracts. But without careful attention to detail, the forecasted savings may not materialize.
This document discusses the benefits of hybrid wired and wireless broadband infrastructure for communities. It argues that communities should focus on conducting a thorough needs assessment to understand local broadband needs before deciding on a technology solution. A hybrid approach using both fiber optic cables and wireless access points can leverage existing infrastructure assets and meet more community needs in a cost-effective way. The document provides an overview of different wired and wireless technologies and examines case studies of communities that have successfully implemented hybrid networks. It encourages communities to think differently about their broadband requests for proposals processes and consider hybrid models that make the most of available technologies and resources.
Exploring options to partners with & opertors challengesVinod Sharma
Vinod Sharma is an experienced telecommunications professional currently working as a senior technical lead for Comviva Technologies in Nairobi, Kenya. He has over 10 years of experience in various technical and consulting roles for telecom companies in countries across East Africa and Southeast Asia. The document provides details on Vinod's work experience, areas of expertise, certifications, and presentations he will be giving at an upcoming telecom conference in South Africa on partnering with service providers and exploring infrastructure options.
This document provides an overview of considerations for planning and implementing a structured cabling system. Key points discussed include:
- Anticipating bandwidth needs and applications now and in the future such as VoIP, PoE, wireless, and security.
- Designing the system for longevity with a minimum lifespan of 10 years while supporting changing technology and growth.
- Choosing cable and equipment that complies with open standards to ensure compatibility and flexibility.
- Carefully planning for location of users, equipment rooms, pathways, power needs, and regulations.
- Considering total cost of ownership, including installation, upgrades, maintenance, and recurring costs over the lifetime of the system.
Small cells vs WiFi indoor deployment: What went wrong?Rahul Atri
Small cell indoor deployments have been lacking despite 80% of traffic occurring indoors. Some reasons for this include:
1) Outdoor CPE solutions were seen as more cost effective than indoor small cells.
2) Small cells were not pocket friendly due to high costs, while WiFi access points were much more affordable.
3) Operator business models did not encourage indoor small cell deployment by sharing costs with organizations.
Jim Proce May 2019 APWA Reporter - Smart MetersJim Proce
Looking to implement smart meter technology as a cost containment issue and innovation in your city? This article explores the pitfalls and challenges you can expect to encounter and how to navigate them. The same strategies can apply to other technology implementations so check it out and let me know what you think!
The key themes from the Broadband World Forum 2012 included discussions around software defined networks (SDN) and using it to virtualize telecom networks, allowing changes to be made more quickly. Big data analytics and using customer data to improve customer relationships was also a topic. Presentations also focused on maximizing bandwidth over existing copper networks and the state of fiber deployments worldwide. The home gateway concept was criticized for being out of touch with how people actually use devices and services in their homes today.
This slide contains a brief presentation of how Organizations can leverage Cloud to virtualize functional/performance testing and cost benefit from investing in hardware.
201207 Tech Decisions: 5 Keys to Fast Successful New Deployments.pdfSteven Callahan
Article reviews how to deal with the deluge of new technological options and the aspects of a strategy for quick, high quality implementations of emerging technologies. Based on company success stories, article lays out what will work.
The Balanced Scorecard for Green Engineering in Digital Design is emulated as begin to MAP Digital Portal Requirements in relation to Digital to Ark Mappings we have already emulated. We approach the Gates in a tentative engineering position to look at what kind of requirements we should be aware of Financially. Our First Foil is explained in Detail and a Detailed Enterprise Map is presented. Difficulty presented in acquiring enough production conversion, will produce new Green Plait Scorecard ppt next. We have received the first tacit GGIA Certification of our work
Scorecard Integration V2 Entry to Gate and Scale to ManifoldBrij Consulting, LLC
The Balanced Scorecard for Green Engineering in Digital Design is emulated as begin to MAP Digital Portal Requirements in relation to Digital to Ark Mappings we have already emulated. We approach the Gates in a tentative engineering position to look at what kind of requirements we should be aware of Financially. Our First Foil is explained in Detail and a Detailed Enterprise Map is presented. Difficulty presented in acquiring enough production conversion, will produce new Green Plait Scorecard ppt next.
Goodmill whitepaper: the ultimate vehicle broadband solutionJuhani Lehtonen
This paper explains the options how broadband will be extended to critical users. New, "Blue Ocean" approach is introduced where network investment will be optimized. Multichannel router solution is explained and payback calculations are shown.
The document discusses elements that should be included in a local digital strategy to address gaps in broadband and fiber connectivity. It outlines key topics a strategy should cover like mapping current coverage, stimulating demand, coordinating planning and permitting processes, reusing infrastructure assets, and setting goals for near-universal fiber coverage. Success is defined as securing a future-proof fiber network for 50 years that stimulates competition and supports economic growth through better connectivity. The document promotes a multi-disciplinary team approach to strategy development and notes the tools and experience the firm can provide.
Kandiyohi county broadband feasibility study proposal 2Rich Frank
Madcom proposes to conduct a feasibility study for a municipal broadband network in Kandiyohi County. Their approach includes collecting and analyzing data on current broadband availability, speeds, and costs through their proprietary MAD Toolkit software. This software allows them to design optimized fiber routes and develop capital and operating cost estimates. If selected, Madcom would present their analysis and a financial plan with funding options to determine the feasibility of a sustainable municipal broadband network that could boost economic development.
RDOF – Opportunity Missed Is Opportunity Lost - Techwave.pdfAnil
With close to 400 bidders in the RDOF auction, we will see not only new technology coming out, but we also have a new spectrum to go with it. Companies are bound to have channel sizes and a quiet portion of the spectrum to achieve the desired speeds quickly.
RDOF – Opportunity Missed Is Opportunity Lost - Techwave.pdfAnil
With close to 400 bidders in the RDOF auction, we will see not only new technology coming out, but we also have a new spectrum to go with it. Companies are bound to have channel sizes and a quiet portion of the spectrum to achieve the desired speeds quickly.
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1. FIBER-OPTIC CONSTRUCTION
PLANNING 101
Reel of innerduct trailered for installation
Fiber Planning Overview
1. Long-Term Strategic Planning
2. Project Planning & Pitfalls
3. Finance Planning
4. Route Planning, Fielding, RFP
5. Other Misc. Considerations
6. High-Level Planning
7. Project Workflow Example
OVERVIEW
Fiber-optic construction projectscan seem daunting,maybe even
overwhelming, for thosewho have never doneone. Although every project has
its challenges, building outside plantcan be especially confusing for Business
Managers or IT Professionals becausethe projects can be so rare it might be a
once in a lifetime experience. The devil is always in the details– and that’s
typically whereyou will find much ofthe work involved for fiber-optic
construction projects. The real challenges typically involvecrystal balls,
politics, and finances. Planning for a future youcan’t seewell, with others who
can see it no better than you, within theconstraints ofa budget, can create the
challenge ofbuilding thebest fiber network with the money you have.
When taking on ANY project, the first question you shouldask is “what are the
goals”. In the case of fiber-optic construction the better question is “what is
the long-term strategy”. Fiberis differentin the sense that it is costly to
construct, provides servicefor many decades, and has no superior competing
medium on the horizon. Fiber is best upgraded through electronics; faster
optical transceivers and better multiplexing technologies can future-proofthe
medium. It’s difficult to imagine whatthe technology landscape will look like
20 years fromnow but we have seen significant increases in bandwidth needs
in recentyears. This trendisn’t likely to changein the coming decades.
FIRST STEPS
If you are not experienced in planning a project buildingfiberyouwill thank yourselfto find help –someone else with
experience. Although you can rely onthe contractorfor many things, they will be relying on you for guidance as to where and
how you want it built. Leaving it to them will leavethe door opento possible misunderstanding and poorchoicessince their
business is to build what you want –not plan for the future business needsyou have. Nobody will be happy with a poor
solutionthat is virtually a permanent one or at least costly to physically change! Let’s delve into the steps; strategy, planning
methods &pitfalls, finance ®ulation, fiber routeplanning,and other aspects ofa fiber-optic construction project.
Step 1: Long-Term Strategy
Although difficult to truly predict, it’s safe to say increasing bandwidthneedswill continue. Some deeperquestions include
whether or not the fiberyou plan to build could be used by other entities, agencies, etc. Fiberis differentthan IT investment
in the sense that it’s outside, accessiblefor sale, lease, or trading. It’s a commodity. In the futureanotherlocalentity along
your fiber routemay decide they wantto hopa ride on your investment. Suddenly you havesomeone to share the cost ofyour
investment. Ifyou planned properly there will be dark fiberavailable to them.
The bottom line to building fiber is doing it right the firsttime. Never, and I say NEVER build a fiber network for only what
you need today. The costdifferencebetween 12strandand 24 strand fibervaries from nothing to maybe10 cents per foot.
Going from 24 strand to 48 strand might be an additional20 cents perfoot. Because multiplexing can be expensive it’s better
to simply buy more fiberstrands and defer the need for multiplexing signals on the fiberuntil it really becomes a necessity.
Installing more fiberstrands while the contractor is building will allow you to forgo multiplexingeven ifother entities are
allowed onto yournetwork.
2. Step 2: Planning Methods &Pitfalls
How I address planning the amount offiber for community networks is by reviewing currentneeds, add the surrounding
potential needs (city, school, county, etc) and double, or nearly double, that. The basis for this “extreme”is the cost of
construction is the highestcost by far. Going froma 24 strand cableto a 48 strand fiber is minimalcomparedthe expenseof
constructing the innerduct and lashing aerial. Doing this all overagain 15 years from now wouldbe the worstoption. Per foot
cost ofinstallingcabledoesn’tchange…contractorschargethesameto blow orlash a cable whetherit’s 24 strandor48 strand
fiber. The added costs arelargerenclosures, termination panels,and moresplicing; coststhat are small compared to boring
and labor. Minimally, plan for 6 strands per siteand placeat least12 strandfiber to thebuilding –then take 6 and multiply it
by the number ofcurrentand future locations you can imagine. This number should be the minimum size ofyoubackbone
for many circumstances.
Com m on Pitfalls:
Pitfalls oflong-term strategies forfiber can be numerous and thesolutionsalmost always involvea lot of money. The most
obviousis lacking enoughfiber down the road to fulfill the needs ofa growing data-hungry world. Feeding moreentities with
growing broadband needs will requiremultiplexing ormore fiber to be built –neitherofwhich is friendly to the wallet! The
worst situation is lacking fiber strands in a small inner duct. The only way to increase yourstrand countis to “rip and
replace”. Connected entitieswill experiencedowntime whilethis happens and coordinating thebest downtimefor all entities
will likely be difficult.
Anotherpitfall concerns wherethe fiberis routed. Being too far from potential cost-sharing entities will posea problem for a
cost-model basedon sharing fiber. Ifyou arethe grouptasked with building a fiber network in your city,the routeshouldbe
inviting to places thatmay wantto connect in the future. Ifyourfiber is too far away from a public school it might be beyond
their fiscal ability to buildto you. It’s a balancing act ofbuilding closeto town where a vast numberoflocations arewhile
stretching your routeoutenough to attract somefuture opportunitiesto sharethe network.
Step 3: Finance & Regulation
Careful consideration for how thefiber is funded when it will be built. If it was paid for through grants or other public dollars,
you may not be ableto sell, lease, ortradeany ofit to certain organizations –blowing up the original idea ofreducing long-
term cost ofownership. There may be furtherregulations at the statelevel for fiber systems provided through a local
municipality so it’s important to understand the landscapeoffunding beforemoving too far into a project with largedreams of
sharing it with everyone. There may also becompetitive issues ifthe system has public dollars involved so it may be good to
set aside a legal budget for any court costs as private industry may decideto take legal actions to discouragethe build. And
certainly don’t plan on using existing facilities owned by privatetelecom; they paid a lot ofmoney for theirsystems and won’t
be interested in letting a competitoruse it ifthere is nothing in it for them!
Step 4: Fiber Route Planning &Other Considerations
Every fiber projectI haveever workedon starts by playing in the “sandbox”. This can be as simple as using GoogleEarth to
draw yourroute – in fact this is a great tool for yoursandbox drawings. It’s easy to use and simple to share thefiles…and free
to everyone. It’s important to play in the sandbox several times to allow input from key stakeholders and stirup ideas about
plans for the future. Once a game plan is set, it’s important to getinto the field and do some validation.
Fielding the routeis nothing morethan validating the routeand collecting important information. One consideration when
planning a route is to avoid main streets in town (ifyou can). Thesestreets are heavy with existing utilitiesand your project
will require repairsto the concrete and asphaltyou’llneed to damage in the process. Certainsituationsmay also require you
to close busy lanes oftraffic…something no town orcity is too excited about. Ifyouneedto connect downtown locations, look
one street over to determine ifthere is a better opportunity there –you can design a lateraldown an alley or buildthe fiber
across a building inside EMT conduitto getwhereyou need to be. Every situation is unique so be inventive and opento ideas
from others.
3. Other Considerations:
It’s also important to identify and design somegood interconnection points in
areas with obvious growth potential. This is more importantin underground
designs since it’s easier and less costly to simply install a vaultor handhole while
doing the construction. These “future” connection points should also include
some thought as to the amount offiber strands to plan for in that area.
Anotherconsideration is how the lateral is fed to the building. The route should
be planned to go to the location whereis it needed – not necessarily where other
utilities are entering the building. The building owner or maintenancepeopleare
your biggest asset to determining thebestway to enterand navigatethrough a
building to the network closet requiring the connectivity.
On that note, always pay attention to thegradeofthe inner duct/conduitcoming to the building. I always preferentering the
building at a higher elevation than the innerduct (notbelow grade). Placinga vaultat the building and going vertical above
grade with a way for water to escapeis a good plan. Don’t trust sealantsalone,it’s neverworth the chance ofwater intrusion.
If you don’tplan this right yourworst day could be the one thatincludes waterin yourMDF!
My final pieces ofadvice areto submit permits early for locations such as railroad crossings. Thesepermits can sometimes
take a good amount oftime and this will hold up installation offiber. Also pay attentionto areas ofpossible wildlife thatmay
be under federal protection; nothing will shut down your projectfaster than crossing any governmentagency!
THE HIGH-LEVEL PLAN
Planning fiber construction is a lot like most otherprojects. Identifying goals and performing some fact-finding is a good
start. To do a proper early-stageplan, you’ll need to go outinto the field to measure and document any obstacles including
bridges, existing utilities, or mountainsofsolid rock and othernatural features. It’s important to collect this information in
order to preparea well-written RFP. As a project manager, this information becomes thebasis formost ofthe answers a
contractorwill haveconcerning the build.
At a high level, I plan in this order:
1. Talk with client, learn the strategy and advise them on improvements
2. Write a Scope ofWork that encompasses that strategy, obtain a PO and start projectplanning
3. Plan the route “on paper” and then field the route to collectdata and identify project issues
4. “Demarc” assessment, typically for the MDF or another network closet to ensurethe locations readiness
5. Data collected from fielding and assessments is used to createmaps and compilea bill ofmaterial
6. A rough estimateofcost is determined based on currentcosts experienced in the industry
7. RFP is written using the collected information and bill ofmaterial for the build, revised until final draft
8. Contractor is selected, contractsigned,kick-offmeeting set, and start date affirmed
9. Periodic onsite construction reviews to ensurespecs are being followed and work is acceptable
10. Final walk-out ofthe project, authorization offinal invoicepayment, and projectclosed
11. Finally, ensure Digger’s registration, any insurances, and OTDR test resultsare complete/provided
FINAL THOUGHTS…
There are many more steps involved in a projectofthis magnitude but I hopeI was able to shed some light on how a fiber
construction project is formed and executed. It’s importantto havean activeperson involved who can dedicateplenty oftime
to answer contractorquestions quickly and keep them moving. A good Project Manager dedicating time to your fiberproject
will go a long way in keeping tabs on progress, issues, budget, and otherlooseends that may otherwiseget lost for someone
who already works at theireveryday job! Often times the cost of a good Project Manageris partially offsetby thesavings
he/she can identify and avoiding some ofthe pitfalls that might otherwisebe costly.