Broadband Communication
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Broadband communication uses a wide band of frequencies to provide greater bandwidth than older narrowband technologies and can be used for telecommunication, data, DSL, Ethernet, powerline communication and video. Geostationary satellites orbiting 22,300km above Earth are known as geosynchronous and allow for long distance communication of large amounts of information continuously and to remote places. While broadband plays an important role in modern life, we must ensure technology does not become our master and diminish our humanity.
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Microwave technology can be used for LANs, extended LANs, and mobile computing. It uses either terrestrial (ground-based) links or satellite links. There are three forms of mobile computing: packet-radio networking, cellular networking, and satellite station networking. Terrestrial microwave links employ line-of-sight transmitters and receivers in the low gigahertz range, requiring stations every 30 miles, while satellite links use geosynchronous satellites to relay signals over long distances. Microwave systems offer advantages like no cables and wide bandwidth but have disadvantages like disruption from obstacles and signal absorption.
GSM Technology
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The Global System for Mobile communications is a digital cellular communications system. It was developed in order to create a common European mobile telephone standard but it has been rapidly accepted worldwide.
Formerly it was “Groupe Spéciale Mobile” (founded in 1982)
now: Global System for Mobile Communication.
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Applications:
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Radio waves are an important form of electromagnetic radiation that enables various wireless technologies. They have the longest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum and can transmit information over long distances without wires. Many devices we commonly use rely on radio waves, including mobile phones, WiFi, Bluetooth, and radio itself which transmits music, news and broadcasts. Radar, microwave ovens and wireless networks also utilize radio waves to detect objects, transmit data and heat food respectively. Radio waves are a ubiquitous and essential part of modern communication technologies.
Microwave bani
The document provides information about microwave technology including definitions, generation, applications, transmission, and uses of microwaves. It discusses how microwaves have wavelengths between 1-30 cm and frequencies between 1-100 GHz. Key applications mentioned include radar, communications, radiometry, and cooking food in microwave ovens. Microwave transmission uses line-of-sight propagation through methods like waveguides, transmission lines, and radiation/reception with horns and reflectors.
Radio communication
This document discusses the history and mechanisms of radio communication. It describes how Maxwell and Hertz proved in the 1870s-1880s that electromagnetic waves could transmit signals through space. The first radio transmission was by Marconi in 1901. Radio uses a transmitter and receiver with antennas to send and receive signals by inducing alternating currents. Advantages are low-cost long-distance communication without wires, while disadvantages include low data rates and inability to transmit video. Future technologies like cognitive radio can dynamically switch frequencies to avoid interference.
Basics of data communication and computer networking (262 kb)
The document discusses the basics of data communication and computer networking. It introduces data communication as the process of transporting data from one point to another using networks. Networks are communication systems designed to convey information from a point of origin to a point of destination. The key components of a data communication system include a transmitter that sends the message, a receiver that receives the message, a communication medium that carries the message, the message itself, and a communication protocol. Computer networks allow for the sharing of resources between connected computers.
Paper id 25201423
This document provides an overview of underwater communication protocols and challenges in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). It discusses that UWSNs face different challenges than terrestrial networks due to limited bandwidth, high propagation delays, and dynamic underwater channels. Several MAC protocols have been proposed to provide energy efficient and reliable data transmission from sensor nodes to a sink node in UWSNs. The document reviews research on localization techniques, existing MAC protocols, and advances and future trends in the physical, MAC and routing layers of UWSN communication stacks. It aims to give a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in key areas of UWSNs.
Microwave olano
Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths ranging from 1 meter to 1 millimeter. They include UHF and EHF bands with frequencies between 300 MHz and 300 GHz. Microwaves are used for communication technologies like wireless internet, WiFi, and satellite communications. They are also used for radar, navigation systems like GPS, heating food in microwave ovens, industrial heating processes, and spectroscopy techniques.
smartcities-03-00072.pdf
This document summarizes research on wireless underground communications (WUC). It discusses how WUC provides secure communication by deploying nodes underground, shielding them from external factors. The document outlines the components and applications of WUC systems, including precision agriculture and border monitoring. It also compares WUC to over-the-air communication and underwater communication, highlighting differences in communication mediums and challenges. Finally, it discusses the development of WUC channel models to better understand underground signal propagation and enable continued improvements in WUC network design and performance.
Communication Channels
A communication channel is a medium through which information is transmitted between two points. It can be either guided or unguided. Guided channels use physical transmission media like twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, and fiber optic cables to transmit signals. Unguided channels transmit signals through the air without physical connections, using technologies like microwaves, communication satellites, radio broadcasts, and cellular networks. Communication channels are evaluated based on their bandwidth, or how much data they can carry per unit of time. Fiber optic cables provide the highest bandwidth and fastest transmission speeds of all communication channel types.
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