The use of GIS for the development of the A9 dual-carriagewayPeter McCready
Geographic Information Systems (GIS):
An argument for using a Geographic Information System (GIS) for the environmental assessment of the A9 dual-carriageway road development.
Produced in fulfilment of MSc Geospatial & Mapping Sciences at the University of Glasgow (2015).
A cost-effective GPS-aided autonomous guided vehicle for global path planningjournalBEEI
This paper presents a robotic platform of a cost-effective GPS-aided autonomous guided vehicle (AGV) for global path planning. The platform is made of a mechanical radio controlled (RC) rover and an Arduino Uno microcontroller. An installed magnetic digital compass helps determine the right direction of the RC rover by continuously synchronising the heading and bearing of the vehicle. To ensure effective monitoring of the vehicle’s position as well as track the corresponding path, an LCD keypad shield was, further, used. The contribution of the work is that the designed GPS-aided AGV can successfully navigate its way towards a destination point in an obstacle-free outdoor environment by solely relying on its calculation of the shortest path and utilising the corresponding GPS data. This result is achieved with a minimum error possible that lies within a circle of one meter radius around the given destination, allowing the devised GPS-aided AGV to be used in a variety of applications such as landmine detection and removal.
The use of GIS for the development of the A9 dual-carriagewayPeter McCready
Geographic Information Systems (GIS):
An argument for using a Geographic Information System (GIS) for the environmental assessment of the A9 dual-carriageway road development.
Produced in fulfilment of MSc Geospatial & Mapping Sciences at the University of Glasgow (2015).
A cost-effective GPS-aided autonomous guided vehicle for global path planningjournalBEEI
This paper presents a robotic platform of a cost-effective GPS-aided autonomous guided vehicle (AGV) for global path planning. The platform is made of a mechanical radio controlled (RC) rover and an Arduino Uno microcontroller. An installed magnetic digital compass helps determine the right direction of the RC rover by continuously synchronising the heading and bearing of the vehicle. To ensure effective monitoring of the vehicle’s position as well as track the corresponding path, an LCD keypad shield was, further, used. The contribution of the work is that the designed GPS-aided AGV can successfully navigate its way towards a destination point in an obstacle-free outdoor environment by solely relying on its calculation of the shortest path and utilising the corresponding GPS data. This result is achieved with a minimum error possible that lies within a circle of one meter radius around the given destination, allowing the devised GPS-aided AGV to be used in a variety of applications such as landmine detection and removal.
AN INNOVATIVE RESEARCH FRAMEWORK ON INTELLIGENT TEXT DATA CLASSIFICATION SYST...ijaia
Recent years have witnessed an astronomical growth in the amount of textual information available both on the web and institutional wise document repositories. As a result, text mining has become extremely prevalent and processing of textual information from such repositories got the focus of the current age researchers. Indeed, in the researcher front of text analysis, there are numerous cutting edge applications are available for text mining. More specifically, the classification oriented text mining has been gaining more attention as it concentrates measures like coverage and accuracy. Along with the huge volume of data, the aspirations of the user are growing far higher than the human capacity, thus, an utomated and competitive intelligent systems are essential for reliable text analysis. Towards this, the authors in the present paper propose an Intelligent Text Data Classification System
(ITDCS) which is designed in the light of biological nature of genetic approach and able to acquire
computational intelligence accurately. Initially, ITDCS focusses on preparing structured data from the huge volume of unstructured data with its procedural steps and filter methods. Subsequently, it emphasises on classifying the text data into labelled classes using KNN classification based on the selection of best features derived by genetic algorithm. In this process, it specially concentrates on adding the power of
intelligence to the classifier using together with the biological parts namely, encoding strategy, fitness function and operators of genetic algorithm. The integration of all biological zomponents of genetic algorithm in ITDCS significantly improves the accuracy and reduces the misclassification rate in classifying the text data
Geographic information system and remote sensingchala hailu
ArcMap is where you create maps and access most of the ArcGIS functionality. Remote sensing is an instrument based of observing an object at a far distance without direct contact.
MiPlEx - Online Task Planning for Exploration Tasks in Urban TerrainFlorian-Michael Adolf
This presentation shows an online multi-query path planner for exploration tasks planned onboard an unmanned helicopter. While the desirable properties of roadmaps can be exploited in offline path planning, the dynamic nature of exploration scenarios hinders to utilize conventional roadmap planners. Hence, the presented path planning approach utilizes a deterministically sampled roadmap which is dynamically indexed in real time. To address situations of partial terrain knowledge, the roadmap can be extended from its a priori dimensions towards locations of unknown terrain that are outside its original, a priori boundaries. The multi-query property of the planning system allows for combinatorial optimization such that a rapidly acting decisional autonomy is achievable during exploration flights. D*-Lite is used as dynamic heuristic path searcher in order to re-plan efficiently. Inspired by the original work on this path search algorithm, the roadmap graph is augmented with an exploration vertex which steers the exploration behavior of the vehicle. As a result, the presented roadmap guides an unmanned rotorcraft through a priori unknown urban terrain in real time.
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail i...Jose Gomez Castaño
We define an infrastructure restriction as any event in the infrastructure that makes decrease the number of circulations that can pass through a point or section, or impose a speed reduction. These restrictions are caused by works, incidences, speed limits, and it can be temporary or permanent.
To carry out efficient management of operations, it is important to anticipate the effects of these restrictions and to know how the trains and other type of circulations are affected. This affectation may by speed reductions or even elimination of its circulation, and it introduces an additional cost in the operation of Railway or Road Companies.
Right now calculations to quantify the impact of these restrictions are based on relational databases, or even hierarchical ones, and they use only alphanumeric attributes. They do not take into account the geometry of the lines on which the restriction occurs and is not considered the micro-level topology.
In other studies, we have demonstrated the use of INSPIRE and RINF regulations, with RailTopomodel topological models as a means to model a valid topology for the European railway network.
This paper describes a method to use the topological basis described above to create train and road routes from scheduled circulations from a spatiotemporal point of view. A temporary component within the coordinate Z has been added to the traditional route with longitude and latitude coordinates (X, Y), to define a TrainRailwayLink feature. This allows us to perform geospatial analysis including time as a variable.
As a result, the set of circulations affected by the restrictions and the lost time is computed. This results in an economic cost. Computations are made in real time and can be run in batch mode for further statistical analysis.
With this knowledge we can know the most costly restrictions and the Railway or Road Companies, or even the Infrastructure Manager can take them into account to solve those with more prioriy.
Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is the digital representation of the land surface elevation with respect to any reference datum. DEM is frequently used to refer to any digital representation of a topographic surface. DEM is the simplest form of digital representation of topography. GIS applications depend mainly on DEMs, today.
The development of a Geographic Information System for traffic route planni...Matthew Pulis
This was my MSc. Informatics thesis. The project started with a Literature Review studying the historic advancements of Location Based Services and Geographic Information Systems, in particular Open Source GIS. Case Studies were reviewed so as to gain knowledge from past experiences. The methodology used for this project followed the DSDM methodology and requirements were drawn following the MoSCoW priorities. A full working version of the project which is presented in
a Web Interface can be accessed online.
Vehicle positioning in urban environments using particle filtering-based glob...IJECEIAES
This article presents a new method for land vehicle navigation using global positioning system (GPS), dead reckoning sensor (DR), and digital road map information, particularly in urban environments where GPS failures can occur. The odometer sensors and map measure can be used to provide continuous navigation and correct the vehicle location in the presence of GPS masking. To solve this estimation problem for vehicle navigation, we propose to use particle filtering for GPS/odometer/map integration. The particle filter is a method based on the Bayesian estimation technique and the Monte Carlo method, which deals with non-linear models and is not limited to Gaussian statistics. When the GPS sensor cannot provide a location due to the number of satellites in view, the filter fuses the limited GPS pseudo-range data to enhance the vehicle positioning. The developed filter is then tested in a transportation network scenario in the presence of GPS failures, which shows the advantages of the proposed approach for vehicle location compared to the extended Kalman filter.
AN INNOVATIVE RESEARCH FRAMEWORK ON INTELLIGENT TEXT DATA CLASSIFICATION SYST...ijaia
Recent years have witnessed an astronomical growth in the amount of textual information available both on the web and institutional wise document repositories. As a result, text mining has become extremely prevalent and processing of textual information from such repositories got the focus of the current age researchers. Indeed, in the researcher front of text analysis, there are numerous cutting edge applications are available for text mining. More specifically, the classification oriented text mining has been gaining more attention as it concentrates measures like coverage and accuracy. Along with the huge volume of data, the aspirations of the user are growing far higher than the human capacity, thus, an utomated and competitive intelligent systems are essential for reliable text analysis. Towards this, the authors in the present paper propose an Intelligent Text Data Classification System
(ITDCS) which is designed in the light of biological nature of genetic approach and able to acquire
computational intelligence accurately. Initially, ITDCS focusses on preparing structured data from the huge volume of unstructured data with its procedural steps and filter methods. Subsequently, it emphasises on classifying the text data into labelled classes using KNN classification based on the selection of best features derived by genetic algorithm. In this process, it specially concentrates on adding the power of
intelligence to the classifier using together with the biological parts namely, encoding strategy, fitness function and operators of genetic algorithm. The integration of all biological zomponents of genetic algorithm in ITDCS significantly improves the accuracy and reduces the misclassification rate in classifying the text data
Geographic information system and remote sensingchala hailu
ArcMap is where you create maps and access most of the ArcGIS functionality. Remote sensing is an instrument based of observing an object at a far distance without direct contact.
MiPlEx - Online Task Planning for Exploration Tasks in Urban TerrainFlorian-Michael Adolf
This presentation shows an online multi-query path planner for exploration tasks planned onboard an unmanned helicopter. While the desirable properties of roadmaps can be exploited in offline path planning, the dynamic nature of exploration scenarios hinders to utilize conventional roadmap planners. Hence, the presented path planning approach utilizes a deterministically sampled roadmap which is dynamically indexed in real time. To address situations of partial terrain knowledge, the roadmap can be extended from its a priori dimensions towards locations of unknown terrain that are outside its original, a priori boundaries. The multi-query property of the planning system allows for combinatorial optimization such that a rapidly acting decisional autonomy is achievable during exploration flights. D*-Lite is used as dynamic heuristic path searcher in order to re-plan efficiently. Inspired by the original work on this path search algorithm, the roadmap graph is augmented with an exploration vertex which steers the exploration behavior of the vehicle. As a result, the presented roadmap guides an unmanned rotorcraft through a priori unknown urban terrain in real time.
Applying INSPIRE to quantify a detail cost of restrictions in road and rail i...Jose Gomez Castaño
We define an infrastructure restriction as any event in the infrastructure that makes decrease the number of circulations that can pass through a point or section, or impose a speed reduction. These restrictions are caused by works, incidences, speed limits, and it can be temporary or permanent.
To carry out efficient management of operations, it is important to anticipate the effects of these restrictions and to know how the trains and other type of circulations are affected. This affectation may by speed reductions or even elimination of its circulation, and it introduces an additional cost in the operation of Railway or Road Companies.
Right now calculations to quantify the impact of these restrictions are based on relational databases, or even hierarchical ones, and they use only alphanumeric attributes. They do not take into account the geometry of the lines on which the restriction occurs and is not considered the micro-level topology.
In other studies, we have demonstrated the use of INSPIRE and RINF regulations, with RailTopomodel topological models as a means to model a valid topology for the European railway network.
This paper describes a method to use the topological basis described above to create train and road routes from scheduled circulations from a spatiotemporal point of view. A temporary component within the coordinate Z has been added to the traditional route with longitude and latitude coordinates (X, Y), to define a TrainRailwayLink feature. This allows us to perform geospatial analysis including time as a variable.
As a result, the set of circulations affected by the restrictions and the lost time is computed. This results in an economic cost. Computations are made in real time and can be run in batch mode for further statistical analysis.
With this knowledge we can know the most costly restrictions and the Railway or Road Companies, or even the Infrastructure Manager can take them into account to solve those with more prioriy.
Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is the digital representation of the land surface elevation with respect to any reference datum. DEM is frequently used to refer to any digital representation of a topographic surface. DEM is the simplest form of digital representation of topography. GIS applications depend mainly on DEMs, today.
The development of a Geographic Information System for traffic route planni...Matthew Pulis
This was my MSc. Informatics thesis. The project started with a Literature Review studying the historic advancements of Location Based Services and Geographic Information Systems, in particular Open Source GIS. Case Studies were reviewed so as to gain knowledge from past experiences. The methodology used for this project followed the DSDM methodology and requirements were drawn following the MoSCoW priorities. A full working version of the project which is presented in
a Web Interface can be accessed online.
Vehicle positioning in urban environments using particle filtering-based glob...IJECEIAES
This article presents a new method for land vehicle navigation using global positioning system (GPS), dead reckoning sensor (DR), and digital road map information, particularly in urban environments where GPS failures can occur. The odometer sensors and map measure can be used to provide continuous navigation and correct the vehicle location in the presence of GPS masking. To solve this estimation problem for vehicle navigation, we propose to use particle filtering for GPS/odometer/map integration. The particle filter is a method based on the Bayesian estimation technique and the Monte Carlo method, which deals with non-linear models and is not limited to Gaussian statistics. When the GPS sensor cannot provide a location due to the number of satellites in view, the filter fuses the limited GPS pseudo-range data to enhance the vehicle positioning. The developed filter is then tested in a transportation network scenario in the presence of GPS failures, which shows the advantages of the proposed approach for vehicle location compared to the extended Kalman filter.
Compressed fuzzy logic based multi-criteria AODV routing in VANET environmentIJECEIAES
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are the core of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to obtain safety, better transportation services, and improved traffic management. Providing more reliable and efficient on demand routing protocol is one of the main challenges in these networks research scope. This paper argues a compressed fuzzy logic based method to enhance Ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing decision by jointly considering number of relays, distance factor, direction angle, and vehicles speed variance. The proposed scheme is simulated in both freeway and urban scenarios with different number of vehicles using real time interaction between both OMNet++ and SUMO simulators. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can get better performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, throughput, mean delay, and number of sent control packets.
TransportCamp AU Presentation: Designing a multimodal, high-frequency network...Patrick Sunter
My presentation at the inaugural TransportCampAU in Melbourne, Nov 1 (http://www.transportcamp.org.au/events/transportcamp-melbourne-2014) about work with Beyond Zero Emissions (http://bze.org.au/) to design a high-frequency bus network, assisted by open source tools such as OpenTripPlanner.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Poster: Exploring the shortest route options: Applying Environmental Indicato...Matthew Pulis
This is the paper I presented for the WICT 08 Conference. The objective of this study looks at enhancing Open Source routing algorithms by adding functionalities and variables that favour fuel savings as well as shortest route. A system is developed using Open Source GIS (using the PostGIS and pgRouting extensions for the DBMS: PostgreSQL), whereby a number of variables, including weather conditions, road network, traffic status, vehicle specification data and road gradient are manipulated by the user to achieve shortest and most fuel efficient route. This study also provides neighbouring techniques for emergency response teams, so as to traverse the shortest route to an accident.
Don't waste time and money hiring consulting firms to compile white paper feasibility study reports. Same expenditure can create a construct-able OSP design complete with cost estimates making the business case.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
1. OPTIMIZING CONFLATION, AUTOMATIC MAP LAYOUT AND GEO-OPPORTUNISITIC ROUTING IN VEHICULAR NETWORKS Submitted by: Ajinkya Deshpande | R No. 3519 Guided by: Prof. G. P. Potdar Geographical Information Systems (GIS) http://www.adcorporations.com
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4. Solution Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Solution:- Mathematics can solve this problem! A large solution set is provided here, We will use, ArcView by ESRI (I used ArcGIS Desktop 10) & MapMerger As our tools to apply the Mathematical solutions for the Conflation Process The above two softwares are capable of using a large set MATLAB code and also C Codes with the help of VB.Net and other support tools as Python http://www.adcorporations.com
6. Automatic Metro Map Layout using Multicriteria Optimization Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Fig. Metro map features. http://www.adcorporations.com
7. (a) optimal angular resolution and (b) poor angular resolution. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) http://www.adcorporations.com
10. (a) poor line straightness and (b) improved line straightness. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) http://www.adcorporations.com
11. Enforcement of the relative positions when moving a station. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) The gray-shaded area shows the degree of freedom afforded to (a) station A and (b) station C. http://www.adcorporations.com
12. Preservation of edge ordering. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Without preserving the ordering of edges, station C would be able to move as shown, changing the topology of the map. http://www.adcorporations.com
13. Label Criteria Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Search space for labeling the metro map. http://www.adcorporations.com
14. Label Criteria Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Label position consistency. Label position consistency. (Not Observed here) http://www.adcorporations.com
15. Label Criteria Geographical Information Systems (GIS) An example of ambiguous labeling. http://www.adcorporations.com
16. Label Criteria Geographical Information Systems (GIS) (a) perpendicular tick labels and (b) nonperpendicular tick labels. http://www.adcorporations.com
17. Clustering Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Clustering multiple overlength edges. The edges AE and BC are (a) too long and it is only possible to reduce the length of these edges by moving stations C, D, and E (b) at the same time. http://www.adcorporations.com
18. Clustering Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Clustering stations to find nonstraight lines. Ultimately, six clusters will be identified in this graph: (BC), (CD), (DE), (GH), (HI), and (IJK). http://www.adcorporations.com
19. Example & Trial of the System Geographical Information Systems (GIS) The time taken to generate the automatically generated maps discussed in this paper is given in Table. These timings were performed in Java 1.6, on a computer with a 1.4 GHz Celeron M processor, 1.5 GB RAM, and running Windows XP. The values are the average of three runs. All maps (automatically generated, published, and undistorted) http://www.adcorporations.com
20. Example & Trial of the System Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Mexico City map: official layout. http://www.adcorporations.com
21. Example & Trial of the System Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Mexico City map: official layout, normalized to the layout software style. http://www.adcorporations.com
22. Example & Trial of the System Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Mexico City map: undistorted layout. http://www.adcorporations.com
23. Example & Trial of the System Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Mexico City map: Author`s Layout. http://www.adcorporations.com
24. Example & Trial of the System Geographical Information Systems (GIS) http://www.adcorporations.com
25. Geo-Opportunistic Routing for Vehicular Networks Geographical Information Systems (GIS) One of the recent outcomes is a novel wireless architecture called Wireless Access for the Vehicular Environment (WAVE) that provides short-range intervehicular communications to enable fast dissemination of emergency related messages. http://www.adcorporations.com
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28. Solution Geographical Information Systems (GIS) One of the popular routing protocols in a VANET is geographic routing. A packet is greedily forwarded to a neighbouring node whose distance toward the packet’s destination is closer than that of the current node http://www.adcorporations.com
29. Opportunistic Routing Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Dashed arrows are GpsrJ+ and solid arrows are GPCR. http://www.adcorporations.com
30. TO-GO DESIGN Geographical Information Systems (GIS) The Next-hop Prediction Algorithm (NPA), which determines a packet’s target node; the Forwarding Set Selection (FSS) algorithm , which finds a set of candidate forwarding nodes; and the priority scheduling method, which suppresses redundant packet transmissions based on a distance based timer. The lens shaped area is the forwarding region established between source and destination nodes in existing schemes, and between the source and the furthest node on the current road segment (called target node) in TO-GO: a) existing schemes; b) TO-GO. http://www.adcorporations.com
31. FSS Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Forwarding set selection approximation: a) shaded region contains neighbors of C that can hear both C and T; b) shaded region contains neighbors of C that can hear both M and T, and can also hear each other. http://www.adcorporations.com
32. FSS Analysis Geographical Information Systems (GIS) A brute force algorithm to find a forwarding set in which nodes hear one another is analogous to finding a maximal clique in which every node has a connection to every other node. Such a problem is NP-complete . SOLUTION:- By continue adding N until all the neighbours of C have been checked, we can find a opportunistic forwarding set. The algorithm takes, O(n 2 ) where n is the number of C’s neighbours. http://www.adcorporations.com
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35. References Geographical Information Systems (GIS) [01] Jonathan Stott, Peter Rodgers, Juan Carlos Martı´nez-Ovando, and Stephen G. Walker – “ Automatic Metro Map Layout Using Multicriteria Optimization ” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS, VOL. 17, NO. 1, JANUARY 2011 Pages: 101-114 1077-2626/11/ [02] Isaac Sledge, Student Member, IEEE , James Keller, Fellow, IEEE , Wenbo Song, and Curt Davis, Fellow, IEEE – “ Conflation of Vector Buildings With Imagery” IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS, VOL. 8, NO. 1 JANUARY 2011 Pages: 83-87. 1545-598X/ [03] Kevin C. Lee, Uichin Lee, Mario Gerla – “ Geo-Opportunistic Routing for Vehicular Networks” IEEE Communications Magazine • May 2010 Pages: 164-170 0163-6804/10/ http://www.adcorporations.com