The document summarizes Daknet, an ad hoc wireless network developed by MIT researchers to provide digital connectivity to remote villages in India and Cambodia. Daknet uses portable storage devices called mobile access points (MAPs) that are transported between villages by vehicles and allow for asynchronous data transfer. When a MAP comes within range of a village kiosk or internet hub, it automatically uploads and downloads data. This provides a low-cost solution for digital connectivity without requiring real-time connectivity. Daknet has been used for applications like e-mail, information distribution, and supporting e-governance projects in India.

1. SEMINAR TOPIC:-DAKNETTuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 1 By ARVIND SINGH RAJPUROHIT 4th year (8th SEM) Electronic & Communication Engineering.UNDER GUIDELINES OF:- RITESH SARASWAT

2. Tuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 2

3. MOB. AD HOC CONNECTIVITYTuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 3The DAKNET network takes advantage of the existing communication and transportation infrastructure to distribute digital connectivity to outlying villages lacking a digital communications infrastructure.

4. Tuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 4Daknet, an ad hoc network that ,use wireless technology to provide asynchronous digital connectivity.

5. Developed by MIT Media Lab Researchers.

6. Deployed in remote parts of both India and Cambodia at a cost two orders of magnitude less than that of traditional land line solution.ICTInformation and Communication Technology

7. Does not rely on real time connectivity

8. Affordable and interactive

9. Asynchronous mode of communication

10. Example:

11. Voice mail

12. E-mail

13. Electronic bulletin boardTuesday, March 08, 20115ECE

14. Competitors: ICT Space Technology4 types of technological alternatives :Tuesday, March 08, 20116ECE

15. DakNet ArchitectureTuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 7Main componentsHub

16. Kiosk

17. Mobile Access PointDAKNET transmit data over short point –to –point links between kiosks and portable storage devices, called mobile access points (MAPS)

18. Tuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 8MAP physical transports data among public kiosks and private communication devices (as an intranet ) and between kiosks and a hub (for non-real-time internet access )Low cost WI-FI radio transreceiver automatically transfer the data stored in the MAP at high bandwidth for each point-to-point connection

19. DAKNET OPERATION As the MAP-equipped vehicle comes within range of a village WI-FI enabled kiosks, it automatically sense the wireless connection and then uploads and downloads tens of megabytes of data.Tuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 9

20. DAKNET OPERATION when a MAP- equipped vehicle comes within range of an internet access point(the hub), it automatically synchronized the data from all the rural kiosks using the internetTuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 10

21. DAKNET ADVANTAGESDAKNET allows for low – cost, low power radio devices to be used.

22. The use of short –distance radio- links also ensures high data rated .

23. Does not have the interference problem.

24. security problem.

25. And maintenance cost associated with long distance wireless links. Tuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 11

26. POTENTIAL APPLICATION Tuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 12The store- and –forward wireless network represented by DAKNET can be used for a wide Variety of application that require automated low cost distribution and collection of information .INTERNET /INTRANET MESSAGING :-This can include e-mail, video/audio messaging , mobile e commerce.

27. APPLICATION…………Tuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 13INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION/BROADCASTING:This can include community bulletin boards ,transfer of education material , public heath ,announcements, news, music and videos broadcasts .INFORMATION COLLECTION :-This can include collection of environment sensor information, voting, census/polling, health records and land records.

28. APPLICATION…..Tuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 14RURAL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT:-By incorporating global positioning systems the DAKNET networks can also function as a means of tracking the movement of vehicles and shipment of goods in a geographical area .INFORMATION SEARCHING,WEB SERVICES:-By incorporating new types of internet applications that are designed for non- real-time access, many web- related applications can be developed for the rural markets.

29. SEAMLESS SCALABILITY Tuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 15 DAKNET provide a Seamless method of upgrading to always- on broadband connectivity.

30. Can use the same hardware, software, and user interface to enjoy real time information access.

31. With low–cost terminals ands local user- interface design and application.

32. DAKNET makes it practical for individual household and private users to get connected. DAKNET ECONOMICSCapital cost of DAKNET hub providing connectivity to 12 surrounding villages.Tuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 16

33. CONTIN……..The estimated average range for 1 MAP is 6 villages, the cost per villages of DAKNET would be under $500.

34. This could enable each village kiosk operator to achieve profitability within one year of operation.Tuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 17

35. CONTINUOUS RANGE & THROUGHPUT TESTTuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 18For each villages a compact 3 dB antenna was installed on the roof of the kiosk as well as on the roof of a car vehicle serving as the mobile Access Points (MAP).

36. The maximum range at which the wireless connection could be established was approximately 400 m.

37. At the distance, the measured data rate was approximately 0.2 Mbps increased to 4 Mbps at distance of 10 m from kiosk antenna .DAKNET IN ACTION Tuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 19Villages in India and northern Cambodia are active using DAKNET with good results.

38. Affordable rural connectivity solution for the Bhoomi –e-governance project.

39. DAKNET is implemented in 20 villages in Orissa which about 75 miles away from Bhubaneswar.

40. People make job searches and e shopping

41. In September,2003 DAKNET is implemented in remote areas of Cambodia.FMS First Mile solution

42. Co-founder Richard fletcher and Amir Alexander Hasson .

43. Provided telecommunication equipment that can cheaply connect the rural and remote population to internet through innovative technology.

44. Reaches 40,000 villages through various Projects.Tuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 20

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46. BHOOMI INITIATIVE IN INDIA Bhoomi, an initiative to computerized land records ,is recognized as the first national e governance initiative in India .

47. Under by the state government a Karnataka, Bhoomi has been successfully implemented at district across the state to completely replaced the physical land records systems.Tuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 22

48. WORK :- BHOOMI PROJECT Tuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 23Govt. bus with DAKNET MAP to transport land record request from each village kiosks to Taluka server.

49. The server processes requests and output land records.

50. Bus then delivers records to each village kiosk.

51. Kiosks manager printout and collects some amounts per lands records.Tuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 24

52. 000Tuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 25

53. A session occur each time the bus comes within range of kiosk and MAP transfer. data.The average Length of session 2 min,34 sec. during data transfer 20.9 Mbytes unidirectional & twice that amount bidirectional.Actual data throughput for a session is 2.47Mbps &kiosk is go in out connection.Tuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 26

54. Tuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 27The Total cost of DAKNET MAP equipment used on the bus is $580, which includeA custom embedded PC running Linux with 802.11b wireless card

55. 512 Mbytes of compact Flash memory

56. An100 mw amplifier

57. Cabling

58. mounting equipment

59. 14 inch ohmi directional antenna.

60. An uninterruptible power supply DakNet implemented BikeMotormen are e- postmen hired locally that ride their motorbikes between the central hub and surrounding schoolsTuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 28

61. NEXT STEPS SCALING IT UP..Tuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 29DAKNET is going to be deployed and tested in large implementations with applications that exploit in broadband capabilities.The current R&D focus is on further lowering the costs of the required and developing a highly interoperable and cross platform so that deployment process can be streamlined.

62. REFRENCETuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 30www.thinkcycle.org/tc-filesyste

63. www.cs.cmu.edu

64. www.thinkcycle2.media.mit.edu

65. www.firstmilesolution.com

66. www.daknet.net

67. www.digitalpartners.org/drishtee.htmlTHANK YOUTuesday, March 08, 2011ECE 31