Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense RNA genome that primarily infect animals. There are four types of coronavirus - Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta. Six coronaviruses are known to infect humans, including 229E, NL63, OC43, HKUI, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. Coronaviruses spread through the air via coughing or sneezing, direct contact, and touching contaminated surfaces. They typically cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illness with symptoms like runny nose, cough, and sore throat. While most people recover, coronavirus can cause pneumonia and more severe illness in vulnerable groups. There are currently no vaccines, and treatment

1. CORONAVIRUS
 Single stranded RNA
 Pleomorphic, 80 to 160 nm in diameter
 subfamilies Coronavirinae and Torovirinae in
the family Coronaviridae, in the order
Nidovirales.[1][2]
 Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a
positive-sense RNA genome and with a
nucleocapsid of helical symmetry
By Sachitanand Prasad Chaudhary

2. TYPES OF CORONAVIRUSE
 FOUR TYPES:
 Alpha
 Beta
 Gamma
 Delta
 Coronavirus
mainly infect animals
By Sachitanand Prasad Chaudhary

3. HUMAN CORONAVIRUS
 Human coronavirus were first identified in the mid-
1960s
 Six coronavirus that can infect people are
 Alpha coronaviruses 229E
 Beta coronaviruses NL63
 Beta coronaviruses OC43
 Beta coronaviruses HKUI
 Beta coronaviruses SARS-CoV(causes severe
acute respiratory syndrome)
 Beta coronaviruses MERS-CoV(Middle east
respiratory syndrome)
By Sachitanand Prasad Chaudhary

4. AGENT/HOST
 Most people get infected with one ore more of the common
human coronaviruses in their lifetime and may have multiple
infections
 Young children are more likely to get infected
 The ways of spread of these viruses have not been studied
very much but it is predicated that this virus spread from an
infected person to others through
o Air by coughing and sneezing
o Close personal contact, such as touching or shaking hands
o By touching contaminated objects or surfaces then touching
our mouth,nose,or eyes
 People usually get infected in fall and winter but it can infect
at any time of the year
By Sachitanand Prasad Chaudhary

5. PATHOGENESIS/SYMPTOM
 It causes mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract
illnesses of short duration
 It shows severe symtoms in people with
cardiopulmonary disease or compromised immune
system, or the elderly
 Symtoms
 Runny nose
 Cough
 Sore throat
 Fever
 Lower respiratory tract illness, such as pneumonia
 MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV causes severe illness
By Sachitanand Prasad Chaudhary

6. PREVENTION
 Ther are currently no vaccines available to protect you
against human coronavirus infection.
 We may be able to reduce risk of infection by:-
 Washing our hands often with soap and water
 Not touching our your eyes,nose or mouth with
contaminated hand
 Avoiding close contact with people who are sick
 Staying home while we are sick
 Avoiding close contact with infected person
 Covering mouth and nose with a tissue when we
cough or sneeze
 Keeping objects and surfaces clean and disinfected
By Sachitanand Prasad Chaudhary

7. DIAGNOSIS
 Virus isolation in cell culture
 Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) assay that
are more practicle and available commercially,
and
 Serological testing for antibodies to human
coronavirus
 Nose and throat swabs are best specimens
 Serological testing requires collection of blood
specimens
By Sachitanand Prasad Chaudhary

8. TREATMENTS
 No specific treatments
 Most people with illness will recover on their own
 Somethings can be done to relieve symptoms
such as
 Taking pain and fever medications (caution:
Aspirin should not be given to children)
 Using a room humidifider or taking a hot shower
to help ease a sore throat and cough
 During sick,drink plenty of liquids ,stay home and
rest
 Contact health care providerBy Sachitanand Prasad Chaudhary

9. SOURCE
 National Center for Immunization and
Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral
Diseases, June 5, 2014
 Wikipedia
 Textbook of Microbiology
By Sachitanand Prasad Chaudhary