corona virus : a type of common virus that infects humans, typically leading to an upper respiratory infection( URI ) which spreads primarily through droplets of saliva by infected person.

1. COVID-19 : OVERVIEW
Darshan H Laddha , 2nd Yr. B. Pharmacy
Institute Name: Gokhale Edu. Society’s, Sir Dr. M. S Gosavi College of Pharmacy ,Nashik,
Maharashtra.

2. CONTENT 2

3. INTRODUCTION
 Corona virus is a group of viruses that usually cause mild illness such as
common cold and airway blocking, causing serious illnesses like
pneumonia or bronchitis.
 The name coronavirus is derived from Latin word Corona meaning “crown”
or “wreath”
 Some authors claim that salivary gland it is reservoir of this viruses and it
spread by aerosol generation. Some of authors claimed that the mouth is
like the most common site where virus can stay longer in oral cavity.
CO
CORONA
VI
VIRUS
D
DISEASE
19
2019
[YEAR IT WAS
IDENTIFIED]
COVID19
3

4. HISTORY
 The first known severe illness caused by a coronavirus
emerged with the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome (SARS) epidemic in China. A second outbreak
of severe illness began in 2012 in Saudi Arabia with the
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS).
 On December 31 of last year, Chinese authorities alerted
the World Health Organization of an outbreak of a novel
strain of coronavirus causing severe illness. The virus has
killed over 6,600 people.
 The scenario in which a human at the Wuhan market
interacted with an animal that carried the virus was only
one potential version of the Covid-19 origin story and
another was the possibility that a descendent of the virus
jumped into humans and then adapted as it was passed
from human to human.
4

5. MICROBIOLOGY
 Coronaviruses belong to the Coronaviridae family in the Nidovirales
order. Corona represents crown-like spikes on the outer surface of the
virus; thus, it was named as a coronavirus.
 Coronaviruses are minute in size (65–125 nm in diameter) and contain a
single-stranded RNA as a nucleic material, size ranging from 26 to
32kbs in length. The subgroups of coronaviruses family are alpha (α),
beta (β), gamma (γ) and delta (δ) coronavirus.
 This virus was reported to be a member of the β group of coronaviruses.
 It shows that the transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 is higher than SRAS-
CoV [2003] and the reason could be genetic recombination event at S
protein in the RBD region of SARS-CoV-2 may have enhanced its
transmission ability.
5

6. SYMPTOMS
People may be sick with the virus for 1-14 days before
developing symptoms.
The most common symptoms are:
 High grade fever [ >103F]
 Dry cough
 Difficulty in breathing
 Tiredness
Some patients may have:
 Aches and pains
 Nasal congestion
 Runny nose
 Sore throat
 Diarrhea
Around 1 out of every 6 people who gets COVID-19 becomes seriously ill and
develops difficulty in breathing.
6

7. TRANSMISSION
Droplet infection
By sneezing ,coughing and patients contact
Aerosol generation
In contact with infected patients
Fecal ,oral transmission
Vertical transmission
From mother to fetus ( under investigation)
7

8. DIAGNOSIS
 Real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [Rrt PCR]:
The test is done on respiratory samples obtained by nasopharyngeal swab, however
nasal or sputum swab may also used. Result are available within few hours to days.
 Blood Test :
Reduced white cells or reduced lymphocyte counts.
 Chest X-ray :
Bilateral multilobar ground glass opacities with a peripheral , asymmetric and
posterior distribution.
8

9. PREVENTIVE MEASURES
 Cover mouth and nose while going out
 Use herbals and ayurvedic preparations to boost
Immunity (Prescribed by Physicians)
 Following Social distancing
 Use N95-mask and PPE kit by health workers
 Wash hands with soap often (approx. every 20 Min)
 Stay at home quarantine if you are feeling unwell
and consulting physician
 Use Govt promoted “Aarogya Setu” mobile app
9

10. REFERENCES
 Guidelines on clinical management of covid-19, Government of India.2020.March17
http://www.mohfw.cog.in/pdf/guidelines on clinical Management of covid-1912020.
 https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/
 https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus
 K. Park “Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine” 22nd edition.
 https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/03/200317175442.htm
10