The document compares coronavirus and hantavirus, outlining their characteristics, modes of transmission, and impacts on human health. Coronavirus, specifically SARS-CoV-2, is highly contagious with a low mortality rate, while hantavirus has a high mortality rate with no human-to-human transmission. Prevention methods and symptoms for both viruses are discussed, alongside the historical context and statistical data relating to their outbreaks.

1. CORONAVIRUS
VS
HANTAVIRUS
Submitted by :-Rani Tiwari
Class:- M pharma 2nd sem
B.U. Jhansi

2. What is Coronavirus?

3.  Coronaviruses are a family of
viruses that range from the
common cold to MERS
coronavirus, which is Middle
East Respiratory Syndrome
coronavirus and SARs, Severe
acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus.
 Coronavirus are diverse group
of viruses that infact and
causes disease in humans and
other animals, including pigs
and chickens.

4. Why It is named CoronaVirus?
Coronaviruses are named because of Crown-like appearance of
their virus particles when seen under Electron Microscope
(corona , meaning crown).

5. Novel Corona Virus
The Novel Coronavirus is also known as Wuhan Pnemonia or the
Wuhan Coronavirus.
This new coronavirus is called severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2(SARS-COV-2 or COVID-19).
They are enveloped viruses with a positive- sense single-stranded
RNA genome .

6. Structure of corona virus

7. Types of Coronavirus:-
There are seven strains of the Coronavirus documented till date:-
Human Coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E)
Human Coronavirus OC43(HCoV- OC43)
New Haven Coronavirus (HCoV-NL63)
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related (SARS-
CoV)
Human Coronavirus HKU1
Middle East-Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
(MERS-CoV)
Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)

8. Novel Coronavirus symptoms
People may experience:
 cough
 fever
 tiredness
 difficulty breathing (severe
cases)

9. Why is the Novel Coronavirus a causes for
concern?
The Novel Coronavirus has a never been observed before, hence,
there is no specific treatment for the disease. Current anti-viral
treatment are also deemed ineffective at combating the illness.
Therefore, present treatment is focused only on alleviating the
symptoms of disease.
Initially, the NCoV was thought to be a zoonotic disease, however,
current findings suggest that this disease spreads from persons to
person. It is suspected to spread through respiratory droplets( an
infected person sneezing or coughing).

10. CORONA VIRUS RESERVOIRS;
Zoonotic disease year animals
SARS 2003 China(civet cats
MERS
covid19
2012
2019
Saudi arab animal
Sea animals,bats

12. “Wuhan pneumonia”
Wuhan, a city in central China, is the capital of Hubei province.
31 December 2019: WHO China Country Office was informed of
cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology detected in Wuhan.
07 January 2020: Chinese authorities identified a novel coronavirus
(2019- nCoV) as the probable causative agent.
◦ Disease now named COVID-19 by WHO
◦ Virus named SARS-CoV-2
(https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.07.937862v1)
As of 23 March 2020: > 330,000 confirmed cases and 14,600
death
◦As of today ~ 80% in three areas: 24% in Mainland China, 44% in
Continental Europe and 10% in US
Human to Human transmission has been confirmed
◦ > 3,000 HCW infections

13. What about Bats?
• Bats make up roughly 20% of all species of mammals and live
to reach 40 years or more.
• Their ability to fly means they can transmit viruses far and
wide.
• Bats have evolved to tolerate more viruses than other
mammals and carry a significant proportion of zoonoses.
• Bats have suppressed their immune system thus allowing them
to tolerate more viruses without getting sick.
• Innate immunity likely works slightly differently in bats
• More than 500 coronaviruses in China come from bats.
• China is a “hotspot” for bat-borne coronaviruses to emerge.
• Usually there is an intermediary animal which passes the virus
to humans.

14. Current Statistics

15. Current Statistics contd..
Note:- Statistics are up to 12:08pm, 30th march
Location Confirmed
Cases per
1M people
Recovered Deaths
United States 142,537 435.78 4,767 2,510
Italy 97,689 1,546.56 13,030 10,779
China 81,470 59.32 75,770 3,304
Spain 80,100 1,616.54 14,709 6,803
Germany 62,440 760.19 5,024 541
Iran 38,309 472.99 12,391 2,640
United
Kingdom
19,569 301.56 140 1,228
India 1,161 0.92 102 28

16. India Statistics contd..

17. DIAGNOSIS

18. PREVENTIONS

19. Preventions contd..
 HANDS:-Wash them often
 ELBOW:-Cough into it
 FACE:-Don't touch it
 SPACE:-Keep safe distance
 HOME:-Stay if you can

20. Preventions contd..

21. Quarantine vs. Isolation
Isolation
To separate ill persons who have a
communicable disease from those who do not
have that disease
Restricts the movement of ill persons to help
stop the spread of certain diseases
Example: Isolation for patients with infectious
tuberculosis
Quarantine
• To separate and restrict the movement of
well persons who may have been exposed to a
communicable disease
• Monitor to see if they become ill
• These people may have been exposed to a
disease and do not know it, or they may have
the disease but do not show symptoms.
• Quarantine can also help limit the spread of
communicable disease.

22. What about masks?
Surgical mask:
◦ Meant to protect the environment
from the wearer (designed to keep
the surgeon’s respiratory pathogens
away from a patient)
◦ Does a good job of trapping large
droplets and some aerosols
Respirator (N95 Mask):
◦ Fits tighter to the face and is meant
to help protect the wearer from
inhaling droplets in the environment

23. News Headlines

24. HANTAVIRUS

25. What is Hantavirus
 Hanta virus belong to family -
Bunyaviridae
 Found Globally
 Causes serious diseases can be fatal
 It is estimated there are 100,000 to
200,000 infections occur worldwide.

26. Hanta Virus diseases
Hantavirus infections are caused by a group of viruses known as
hantaviruses.
These viruses cause two serious illnesses in humans. They are
hemorrhagic (pronounced heh-meh-RA-jik) fever with renal
syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS).

27. Source of Hanta Virus Infections
There are several distinct
Hanta viruses, each
associated with specific
Rodent Host
The Infection in Rodents
are life long without
deleterious effects.
Humans get infected by
inhaling aerosols of
Rodent excreta.
( Urine, Feces, Saliva )

28. Symptoms of Hantavirus

29. Spread of Hanta Virus Infections

30. Breeding off Rodents have relation spread of
Infection

31. Diseases produced by Hanta
virus Infections
 Hemorrhagic fever with Renal Syndrome( HFR )
 Hanta virus pulmonary Syndrome ( HPS )
Infection with Hanta virus is associated with
Geographic distribution of Rodentsand nature
of the Virus.

32. Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal
Syndrome
Hemorrhagic fever with renal failure syndrome (HFRS) occurs mainly in Europe
and Asia and is characterized by fever and renal failure associated with
hemorrhagic manifestations. Hemorrhagic fever with renal failure syndrome is
caused by an airborne contact with secretions from rodent hosts infected with
the group of viruses belonging to the genus Hantavirus of the
family Bunyaviridae. In Europe, hemorrhagic fever with renal failure syndrome
is caused by 3 hantaviruses: Puumala virus (PUUV), carried by the bank vole
(Myodes glareolus); Dobrava virus (DOBV), carried by the mouse (Apodemus
flavicollis); and Saaremaa virus (SAAV), carried by the striped field mouse
(Apodemus agrarius). Other viruses in the Bunyaviridae family include Seoul
virus and Tala virus.
In 1993 in the southwestern United States, an outbreak of respiratory illness
occurred during the spring and was caused by a virus belonging to the genus
Hantavirus called Sin Nombre virus. The disease was characterized by rapid
onset of pulmonary edema followed by respiratory failure and cardiogenic shock
and was described as Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS

33. Hanta virus – Pulmonary syndrome
Caused by novel Hanta virus ( Sin
Nombre virus )
First case was reported from North
America
Primarily an adult respiratory
disease syndrome
The deer mouse ( Peromyscus
maniculats) is the primary rodent
for Sin Nombre virus
10 % of the deer mouse are
infected.
Other viruses resembling novel
Hantavirus can cause Hanta viral
pulmonary syndrome

34. Other viruses causing HPS
 New York virus
 Black Creek canal virus
 Bayou virus
and each type of virus has
a different Rodent host

35. Management
 Hemorrhagic fever, and renal failure
are manage with supportive
treatment.
 Rodent control
 Protection from exposure to rodent
droppings and contaminated
material.
 Maintanance of adequate of O2.
 Supporting hemodynamic
functioning.
 Antiviral drug Ribavirin is
some benefit

36. Pathogenesis
Hantavirus preferentially infect
endothelial cells
Virus target the pulmonary
capillary walls (HPS) or the
capillary walls of the kidney (HFRS)
intiating a cascade of events
culminating in a massive,
pulmonary or kidney-specific
inflammatory response-endothelial
damage and edema(TNF alpha and
IL-1beta)
The damage to pulmonary/kidney
microvascular endothelium
increases capillary permeability
and leads to even more
pulmonary/kidney odema
 Detection of antigens by immuno
histochemistry.
 RT – PCR for viral antigen detection
 Specific antibodies by recombinant
proteins
 A four fold rise of IgM antibody titer
between acute and convalescent serum
is diagnostic
Laboratory Diagnosis

37. Control and Prevention
 Rodent control
 Avoiding control of
Rodents and Rodent
droppings
 Care must be taken to
avoid inhaling aerolized
dried excreta when
cleaning Rodent infected
structures.

38. Difference between Coronavirus and
Hantavirus
Incubation period
The symptoms of HPS usually appear within 2-4 weeks of exposure
but it can appear as early as 1 week or as late as 6 weeks after
infection
On the other hand, the symptoms of coronavirus appear within 2
to 14 days
Cure
There has not been any specific cure for hantavirus infection but
if the disease is recognised at the early stage, the patient can get
better by receiving medical care in an intensive care unit (ICU).
No specific cure has been found for the disease. However, doctors
are using a combination of drugs and there has been anecdotal
evidence to cure the COVID-19 patients using such combination.

39. Difference between Coronavirus and
Hantavirus contd..
The Mortality rate and the Transmission risk
The mortality rate of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is 36 per
cent and the transmission risk of the disease is negligible. In the
case of coronavirus, the mortality rate of the virus is
comparatively very low, around 2 per cent, but the virus is highly
contagious.
Transmission
Coronavirus has a human host, which can transmit the infection
through droplets that may be released when the host sneezes or
coughs.
However, in hantavirus there is no human-to-human transmission.