Controlling is the process of monitoring activities to ensure they are accomplished as planned and correcting deviations. It is a systematic, continuous process that involves establishing standards, measuring performance, comparing actual results to standards, and correcting deviations. Planning precedes controlling, and controlling ensures plans are followed. The controlling process establishes measurable standards, measures performance, compares actual results to standards, and corrects any deviations through actions like revising plans or processes. There are different types of controls, including feed forward controls to prevent deviations, concurrent controls to monitor ongoing work, and feedback controls to review work after it is done.
the importance of controlling,the link between controlling and planning. types of control methods. steps in control process and characteristics of effective control system.
the importance of controlling,the link between controlling and planning. types of control methods. steps in control process and characteristics of effective control system.
Controlling-The Last Management function after Planning,Organising,Directing & Staffing.
'Controlling' is a part of subject Organisation Structure & Process(OSP).Its also a part of subject Principles of Business Management(PBM).
Introduction to Management - Meaning, Nature, Scope, Levels of ManagementSumit Sharaf
Introduction & Definition of Management
Components of Management
Features of Management
Functions of Management
Level of Management
Management and Administration
Management as Profession
Significance of Management from the point of view of Modern Business Operations.
Controlling-The Last Management function after Planning,Organising,Directing & Staffing.
'Controlling' is a part of subject Organisation Structure & Process(OSP).Its also a part of subject Principles of Business Management(PBM).
Introduction to Management - Meaning, Nature, Scope, Levels of ManagementSumit Sharaf
Introduction & Definition of Management
Components of Management
Features of Management
Functions of Management
Level of Management
Management and Administration
Management as Profession
Significance of Management from the point of view of Modern Business Operations.
Internal audit means a continuous critical review of financial and operating matters of a business. In other words, we can say that the audit of a business conducted by the business for a continuous basis. Internal audit is done by the internal staff appointed particularly for the audit purposes. These are called internal auditors.
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Editable Toolkit to help you reuse our content: 700 Powerpoint slides | 35 Excel sheets | 84 minutes of Video training
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2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
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1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
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Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
2. Meaning of Controlling
• The process of monitoring activities to ensure
that they are being accomplished as planned
and of correcting any significant deviations.
• According to Brech, “Controlling is a
systematic exercise which is called as a
process of checking actual performance
against the standards or plans with a view to
ensure adequate progress and also recording
such experience as is gained as a contribution
to possible future needs.”
3. Features
• Forward Looking
• End Function
• Continuous Process
• Pervasive
• Dynamic
• Related with Planning
4. Importance of Controlling
• Adjustment in Operations
• Policy Verification
• Managerial Responsibility
• Psychological Pressure
• Coordination in Action
• Organizational Efficiency and Effectiveness
5. Relation Between Planning &
Controlling
• Planning precedes controlling and controlling
succeeds planning.
• Planning and controlling are inseparable functions of
management.
• Activities are put on rails by planning and they are kept
at right place through controlling.
• The process of planning and controlling works on
Systems Approach which is as follows :
Planning → Results → Corrective Action
7. Process of Controlling
Establishing Control Standards
Measurement of Performance
Comparing Actual with Standard
Correction of Deviation
8. Establishing Control Standards
Measurable or tangible
• Those standards which can be measured and
expressed quantitatively are called as measurable
standards. They can be in form of cost, output,
expenditure, time, profit, etc.
Non-measurable or intangible
• There are standards which cannot be measured
quantitatively. For example- performance of a
manager, deviation of workers, their attitudes
towards a concern. These are called as intangible
standards.
9. Measurement of Performance
• Measurement of tangible performance is easy as it can
be expressed in units, cost, money terms, etc.
• Intangible performance can be measured only by-
– Attitude of the workers,
– Their morale to work,
– The development in the attitudes regarding the
physical environment, and
– Their communication with the superiors.
10. Comparing Actual with
Standard
• Deviation can be defined as the gap between
actual performance and the planned targets.
• The manager has to find out two things here-
extent of deviation and cause of deviation.
• Extent of deviation means that the manager
has to find out whether the deviation is positive
or negative or whether the actual performance
is in conformity with the planned performance.
12. Correction of Deviation
• Once the causes and extent of deviations are
known, the manager has to detect those errors
and take remedial measures for it.
• There are two alternatives here-
– Taking corrective measures for deviations which
have occurred; and
– After taking the corrective measures, if the actual
performance is not in conformity with plans, the
manager can revise the targets.
14. Feed Forward Control
• Also called preliminary or preventive controls,
attempt to identify and prevent deviations in
the standards before they occur.
• Feed forward controls focus on human,
material, and financial resources within the
organization.
• These controls are evident in the selection and
hiring of new employees.
15. Concurrent Control
• Monitor ongoing employee activity to ensure
consistency with quality standards.
• These controls rely on performance standards,
rules, and regulations for guiding employee
tasks and behaviors.
• Their purpose is to ensure that work activities
produce the desired results.
16. Feed Back Control
• Control takes place when the work is
performed.
• It involve reviewing information to determine
whether performance meets established
standards.