Accounting System and Control

1. Accounting system
and control
Presented by
RAZIYA HAMEED
2015-ag-194

2. Accounting system
•Organized set of manual and computerized
accounting methods, procedures and controls
established to gather, record, classify, analyze,
summarize, interpret, and present accurate and timely
financial data for management decision.

3. Factor
What are the factor that influenced the development of
an Accounting system within a business entity?
• Size of business
• The volume of transactions
• Branches/ subsidiaries
• Types of business activities

4. Components of Accounting System
An accounting system typically has six basic parts:
• People who use the system, including accountants,
managers, and business analysts
• Procedure and instructions are the ways that data
are collected, stored, retrieved, and processed

5. Components of Accounting System
•Data including all the information that required for
accounting.
•Software consists of computer programs used for
processing data
•Information technology infrastructure includes all the
hardware used to operate the accounting Internal
controls are the security measures used to protect data

6. Principles of Accounting System
•Security - Access to the system and its data is
controlled and limited only to those authorized.
•Confidentiality - The protection of sensitive
information from unauthorized disclosure.
•Privacy - The collection, use, and disclosure of
personal information about customers is done in an
appropriate manner.

7. Principles of Accounting System
•Processing integrity - The accurate, complete, and
timely processing of data done with proper
authorization.
•Availability - The system is available to meet
operational and contractual obligations.

8. Developing Accounting system
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Evaluation

9. Developing Accounting system
Analysis
• Planning and identifying information needs of internal
and external users
• Sources of such information
• The records and procedure for collecting and
reporting the day
• Analyzed present system ___Strength and weakness
• Proposed new/ revised system

10. Developing Accounting system
Design
• Specify systems requirements more precisely
captured
• Where data would be captured
• The required processing
• Where the output would be used

11. Developing Accounting system
Implementation
• Install new/revised system (e.g. hardware &
software)
• Making the system fully operational User manual
• Training user/personnel

12. Developing Accounting system
Evaluation
• Assess the progress and status of new systems
• Monitoring effectiveness and correcting any
weakness
• E.g General acceptance by user, Cost and benefit

13. Accounting control
•Accounting control is the method and procedure that are
implemented by a firm to help ensure the validity and accuracy of its
financial statement.
•The Accounting control do not ensure compliance with laws and
regulations, but rather are design to help a company comply.

14. Principles of Accounting control
Establishment of responsibility
 Segregation of duties
Documentation procedures
Physical, mechanical and electronic control
 Independent internal verification
Others

15. Principles of Accounting control
Establishment of responsibility
•Assignment of responsibility to specific individuals.
•Monitoring of compliance with procedures
Segregation of duties
•Responsibility for related activities assigned to
different people
•Segregation of responsibility for recording and
physical custody of the asset.

16. Principles of Accounting control
Documentation procedures
•All documents generated by the business to be pre-numbered
•Documents to be initiated
•Provides a audit trial for checking of transactions

17. Principles of Accounting control
Physical, mechanical and electronic control
•Use of sales and safety deposit boxes
•Locked cabinets and warehouses
•Alarms Monitors and sensors
•Passwords to computer systems and programs
•Time clocks

18. Principles of Accounting control
Independent internal verification
•Checking procedures to ensure segregation of duties
•Monitoring by supervisors Verification by internal auditor Rotation
of duties
Other controls:
•Bonding of employees who handle cash,
•Rotating employee’s duties,
•Requiring employees to take vacations.

19. Internal audit
•An independent appraisal activity established within an
organization as a service to the organization
•It is a control that functions by examining and evaluating the
adequacy and effectiveness of other controls