Control involves monitoring activities to ensure they are accomplished as planned and correcting deviations. It has four main purposes: ensure goals are met, adapt to changes, limit errors, and minimize costs. The control process involves establishing standards, measuring performance, comparing to standards, and taking corrective actions. Control is important as the final step in management, to empower employees, and protect the workplace.

8. Sales Performance Figures for July, Eastern States Distributors Exhibit 18.6

9. Defining the Acceptable Range of Variation Exhibit 18.5

13. Common Sources of Information for Measuring Performance Exhibit 18.4

14. Types of Control Exhibit 18.9

20. Managerial Decisions in the Control Process Exhibit 18.7

28. Popular Financial Ratios Exhibit 18.10a

29. Popular Financial Ratios Exhibit 18.10b

32. The Planning–Controlling Link Exhibit 18.2

33. The End

39. Popular Industry and Company Rankings Exhibit 18.8

47. Types of Workplace Monitoring by Employers Exhibit 18.12 Internet use 54.7% Telephone use 44.0% E-mail messages 38.1% Computer files 30.8% Job performance using video cameras 14.6% Phone conversations 11.5% Voice mail messages 6.8% Source: Based on S. McElvoy, “E-Mail and Internet Monitoring and the Workplace: Do Employees Have a Right to Privacy?” Communications and the Law , June 2002, p. 69.

48. Control Measures for Employee Theft or Fraud Exhibit 18.13 Sources: Based on A.H. Bell and D.M. Smith. “Protecting the Company Against Theft and Fraud,” Workforce Online ( www.workforce.com ) December 3, 2000; J.D. Hansen. “To Catch a Thief,” Journal of Accountancy , March 2000, pp. 43–46; and J. Greenberg, “The Cognitive Geometry of Employee Theft,” in Dysfunctional Behavior in Organizations: Nonviolent and Deviant Behavior , eds. S.B. Bacharach, A. O’Leary-Kelly, J.M. Collins, and R.W. Griffin (Stamford, CT: JAI Press, 1998), pp. 147–93.

49. Workplace Violence Exhibit 18.14 Witnessed yelling or other verbal abuse 42% Yelled at co-workers themselves 29% Cried over work-related issues 23% Seen someone purposely damage machines or furniture 14% Seen physical violence in the workplace 10% Struck a co-worker 2% Source: Integra Realty Resources, October-November Survey of Adults 18 and Over, in “Desk Rage.” BusinessWeek , November 20, 2000, p. 12.

50. Control Measures for Deterring or Reducing Workplace Violence Exhibit 18.15 Sources: Based on M. Gorkin, “Five Strategies and Structures for Reducing Workplace Violence,” Workforce Online ( www.workforce.com ). December 3, 2000; “Investigating Workplace Violence: Where Do You Start?” Workforce Online ( www.forceforce.com ), December 3, 2000; “Ten Tips on Recognizing and Minimizing Violence,” Workforce Online ( www.workforce.com ), December 3, 2000; and “Points to Cover in a Workplace Violence Policy,” Workforce Online ( www.workforce.com ), December 3, 2000.

52. The Service Profit Chain Exhibit 18.16

56. The Control Process Exhibit 18.3