Consolidation refers to the compression o settlement that soil undergo As response of placing loads on to the ground

1. Consolidation Test On Cohesive Soil
Geotechnical Engineering Laboratory
Sub By: Farhad Raoofi
ASTM-D 2435
DATE: 07-04-2016
Herat, Afghanistan
Ultra Design And research Company

2. Class Outlines
 Consolidation
 Definition & Introduction
 Type of Consolidations
 One – Dimensional Consolidation Test
 Definitions
 Procedure
 Graphs and results

3.  Consolidation refers to the compression o
settlement that soil undergo As response of
placing loads on to the ground
 These loads produce corresponding increases
in the vertical effective stress
 Consolidation is a time- dependent process in
some soils it may take long time ( 100 years ? )
to achieve complete settlement.
Consolidation – Definitions

4. Consolidation ( Cont. )
During consolidation pore water or the water
voids of saturated clay gets squeezed out –
reducing the volume of the clay _ hence causing
settlement called as consolidation settlement
The spring
analogy to
consolidation

5. Consolidation ( Cont. )

6. Types Of Consolidation
 There are three types of consolidation:
 Immediate consolidation; caused by elastic deformation of dry soil
or moist and saturated soil without change in moisture content
 Primary consolidation; caused as a result of volume change in
saturate cohesive soils due to exclusion of water occupied the void
spaces
 Secondary consolidation; occurs in saturated cohesive soils as a
result of the plastic adjustment of soil fabrics

7.  Two types of consolidometer ( odometer ) commonly used
Consolidation Test:
 Floating – ring
 Fixed ring
 This lab uses fixed ring consolidometer
 ASTM 2435

8. Laboratory Consolidation Test

9. Consolidation Test

10. Laboratory Consolidation Test

11. Procedure:

14. Calculation: