This document discusses various properties of aggregates used in concrete, including specific weight, water absorption, abrasion, density, and moisture content. It defines aggregates and describes their importance in concrete. It then explains specific weight, bulk density, unit weight, voids, and how these relate to light weight, normal weight, and heavy weight aggregates. It also defines and discusses water absorption, abrasion, and different moisture conditions for aggregates. It provides formulas for absorption, volume and weights, voids, and dry-rodded unit weight. Finally, it includes a sample problem and sources.

1. GROUP 3
PROPONENTS:
AGUINSATAN, Rannie Rein
BONGATO, Pearl Arnie
LANIBA, Roger Jr.
NAMUAG, Melo Jane
JAVIER, Leimarc

2. Specific Weight, Water Absorption,
Abrasion, Density and Moisture
Content Of Aggregates

3. Definition of Aggregate
Aggregate:
Granular material of mineral composition such as
sand, gravel, shale, slag or crushed stone.

4. General
From the previous reports, we’ve learned that
aggregates are the important constituents in
concrete.
They give body to the concrete, reduce shrinkage
and effect economy.
Without the study of the aggregate in depth and
range, the study of the concrete is incomplete.
Cement is the only factory made standard
component in concrete.

5. Specific Weight
Specific Weight is defined as weight per unit
volume. Weight is not the same thing as mass.

6. Bulk Density (Unit Weight) and
Voids
The bulk density or unit weight of an aggregate is the
mass or weight of the aggregate required to fill a container
of a specified unit volume. The volume referred to here is
that occupied by both aggregates and the voids between
aggregate particles.
The approximate bulk density of aggregate commonly
used in normal-weight concrete ranges from about
1200 to 1750 kg/m3 (75 to 110 lb/ft3).

7. Bulk Density (Unit Weight) and
Voids
Void contents range from about
30% to 45% for coarse aggregates to about 40% to 50% for
fine aggregate. Angularity increases void content while
larger sizes of well-graded aggregate and improved grading
decreases void content. Methods of determining
the bulk density of aggregates and void content
are given in ASTM C 29 (AASHTO T 19). In these standards,
three methods are described for consolidating the
aggregate in the container depending on the maximum
size of the aggregate: rodding, jigging, and shoveling. The
measurement of loose uncompact void content of fine
aggregate is described in ASTM C 1252.

8. In accordance with unit weight
 Light weight aggregate: The unit weight of aggregate is less than
1120 kg/m^3. The corresponding concrete has a bulk density less
than 1800 kg/m^3.
 Normal weight aggregate: The aggregate has unit weight of 1520-
1680 kg/m^3. The concrete made with this type of aggregate has
a bulk density of 2300-2400 kg/m^3.
 Heavy weight aggregate: The unit weight is greater than 2100
kg/m3. The bulk density of the corresponding concrete is greater
than 3200 kg/m3. A typical example is magnesite limonite, a
heavy iron ore. Heavy weight concrete is used in special
structures such as radiation shields.

9. What is Absorption?
Absorption: The increase in weight due to water
contained in the pores of the material.

10. Water Absorption
The measured water absorption rate and specific
gravity of aggregates is routinely used in design
and construction of pavement materials and
structures worldwide. The ability to measure the
water absorption and specific gravity of aggregate
materials with high degree of accuracy and
repeatability in a short time is critical for engineers
and practitioners interested in the properties of
soils and aggregates.

11. Aggregate Absorption
Aggregate absorption is the increase in mass due
to water in the pores of the material. Aggregate
absorption is a useful quality because:
High values can indicate non-durable aggregate.
Absorption can indicate the amount of asphalt
binder the aggregate will absorb.

12. It is generally desirable to avoid
highly absorptive aggregate in HMA
This is because asphalt binder that is absorbed by
the aggregate is not available to coat the aggregate
particle surface and is therefore not available for
bonding. Therefore, highly absorptive aggregates
(often specified as over 5 percent absorption)
require more asphalt binder to develop the same
film thickness as less absorptive aggregates making
the resulting HMA more expensive.

13. What is Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA)
Pavement?
Asphalt pavement refers to any paved road
surfaced with asphalt. Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) is a
combination of approximately 95% stone, sand, or
gravel bound together by asphalt cement, a
product of crude oil. Asphalt cement is heated
aggregate, combined, and mixed with the
aggregate at an HMA facility.

16. What is abrasion and how does it
affect erosion?
Abrasion is the mechanical scraping of a rock surface by
friction between rocks and moving particles during transport
by wind, glacial, waves gravity, running water or erosion.
Erosion is a gravity driven process that moves
solids(sediment, soil,rock,and other particles)in a natural
envionment or their source and deposits them elsewhere. It
usually occurs due to transport by wind,water,or ice;by
down-slope creep of soil and other material under the force
of gravity; or living organisms, such as burrowing animals,
incase of bioerosion.

17. No. 12 sieve after test
W
Original sample
W
% Loss  

18. KINDS OF ABRASION RESISTANCE TEST:

19. KINDS OF ABRASION RESISTANCE
TEST:

21. Four different moisture
conditions for aggregates
Oven-dry (OD): This is achieved under laboratory
conditions when the aggregate is heated to 220 F
(105 C) for an extended period. Under this
condition, all moisture is removed from the
aggregate’s pores.

22. Aggregate moisture corrections
Aggregates are not completely solid but rather contain
a certain level of porosity. Pores may be located in the
center of the aggregate, while others may actually
connect to the surface of the aggregate. When
calculating the bulk specific gravity of an aggregate,
take both the volume of the aggregate and all its pores
into consideration. These pores will likely contain a
certain level of moisture that will affect the
performance of the concrete if appropriate corrections
are not made to account for the actual moisture
content of the aggregates.

23. Four different moisture
conditions for aggregates
Air-dry (AD): The surface of the aggregate is dry
and the internal pores may be partially filled with
water. This condition may occur on a hot summer
day or in an arid region. The aggregates will likely
absorb water from the mix, which may affect the
workability of the concrete unless proper
adjustments are made to the aggregate and water
batch weights.

24. Four different moisture
conditions for aggregates
Saturated surface-dry (SSD): This is achieved under
laboratory conditions when all the pores are
completely filled with water but no free water
remains on the surface of the aggregate.
Aggregates in this condition will not contribute free
water nor absorb water from the mix.

25. Four different moisture
conditions for aggregates
Damp or Wet: All the pores are completely filled
with water and the surface of the aggregate
contains free water. Aggregates in a stockpile will
typically be in this condition, meaning additional
water will be added to the mix unless proper
adjustments are made to the aggregate and water
batch weights.

26. Aggregate mixture proportions are developed
using either the oven-dry or saturated surface-dry
condition. It is important to know this information
when adjusting mix designs to account for actual
aggregate moisture contents. Mix designs are
typically developed using the oven-dry condition,
but some may be developed using the saturated
surface-dry condition.

27. FORMULAS:
Absorption
Moisture Content
MC
W W
mc od
W
od
,% 

100

28. FORMULAS:
volume and weights
W
BSG
ssd
W W
W
W ssd
ssd submerged
ssd
water
displaced



BSG
W
od
W W
W
W W od
ssd submerged
od
water
displaced
water filled
external voids





29. FORMULAS:
Voids & Dry-Rodded Unit Weight, DRUW
DRUW = the weight of oven dry compacted
aggregate that occupies a unit volume, kg/m3 or
lb/ft3
Voids
SG DRUW
od water
SG
od water
,% 
 




100

30. SAMPLE PROBLEM:

31. SAMPLE PROBLEM:

32. SOURCES:
AASHTO, Guide Specification For Highway
Construction
SECTION 56X Portland Cement Concrete Resistant
to Excessive
Expansion Caused by Alkali-Silica Reaction
(Appendix
F to ASR Transition Plan),
http://leadstates.tamu.edu
/ASR/library/gspec.stm, 2001.

33. SOURCES:
http://www.pavementinteractive.org/article/coarse-aggregate-specific-gravity/#
sthash.vM2FuOxN.dpuf
http://www.engineeringintro.com/concrete/concrete-strength/bulk-density-of-aggregates-
loose-and-compact-bulk-density/
http://civilvalley.blogspot.com/2012/05/standard-test-method-for-determination.
html
http://precast.org/2010/05/water-to-cement-ratio-and-aggregate-moisture-corrections/