Compaction is a ground improvement technique where external effort is applied to densify soil and reduce voids. It increases soil strength and decreases settlement. The optimum moisture content produces maximum density during compaction. Factors like moisture content, soil type, and compactive effort influence compaction results. Consolidation is the process by which saturated soil expels water and decreases in volume from applied loads. It includes elastic, primary, and secondary compression. The oedometer test measures consolidation properties under controlled loading.
Soils and rocks have unique and distinct engineering properties.
Engineering properties of soils and rocks are very essential parameters to be analysed for several technical reasons.
Properties of these materials may not only pose problems but also give solutions to solve the problems.
Soils and rocks have unique and distinct engineering properties.
Engineering properties of soils and rocks are very essential parameters to be analysed for several technical reasons.
Properties of these materials may not only pose problems but also give solutions to solve the problems.
SOIL COMPACTION AND ITS EFFECT ON PROPERTIESGeorgeThampy
soil compaction occurs when soil particles are pressed together so that reduction in pore space between them.soil compaction increases the shear strength of the soil.And soil compaction is much effective in earth dams.
In this presentation, following topics are covered:
1- Introduction to soil liquifaction.
2- Causes and effects of soil liquifaction
3- Methods to remove soil liquifaction.
4- Mechanism of soil liquifaction.
5- Conclusion.
Get power point presentation n soil liquefaction. Get handwritten notes of any subject and any university at LectureNotes.in.
Visit the website: https://lecturenotes.in/
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
SOIL COMPACTION AND ITS EFFECT ON PROPERTIESGeorgeThampy
soil compaction occurs when soil particles are pressed together so that reduction in pore space between them.soil compaction increases the shear strength of the soil.And soil compaction is much effective in earth dams.
In this presentation, following topics are covered:
1- Introduction to soil liquifaction.
2- Causes and effects of soil liquifaction
3- Methods to remove soil liquifaction.
4- Mechanism of soil liquifaction.
5- Conclusion.
Get power point presentation n soil liquefaction. Get handwritten notes of any subject and any university at LectureNotes.in.
Visit the website: https://lecturenotes.in/
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
3. What is compaction?
A simple ground improvement technique, where the soil is densified
through external compactive effort.
Compaction is the application of energy to soil to reduce the void
ratio
This is usually required for fill materials, and is sometimes used
for natural soils
3
4. Purposes of Compaction
Compaction reduces settlements under working loads
decreases the amount of undesirable settlement of structures
Compaction increases the strength characteristics of soils
increase the bearing capacity of foundations constructed over them
increases the stability of slopes of embankments
Compaction makes water flow through soil more difficult
Compaction can prevent liquefaction during earthquakes
4
5. at w = 0,
at w = w1
The moisture content at which the maximum dry unit weight is attained
is generally referred to as the optimum moisture content.
5
20. A stress increase caused by the construction of foundations or
other loads compresses soil layers.
The compression is caused by
(a) deformation of soil particles,
(b) relocations of soil particles, and
(c) expulsion of water or air from the void spaces.
In general, the soil settlement caused by loads may be divided
into three broad categories:
20
21. These are
I. Elastic settlement (or immediate settlement), which is caused by
the elastic deformation of dry soil and of moist and saturated soils
without any change in the moisture content.
II. Primary consolidation settlement, which is the result of a volume
change in saturated cohesive soils because of expulsion of the
water that occupies the void spaces.
III. Secondary consolidation settlement, which is observed in saturated
cohesive soils and organic soil and is the result of the plastic
adjustment of soil fabrics.
21
22. The total settlement of a foundation can then be given as
Note: When foundations are constructed on very compressible clays, the
consolidation settlement can be several times greater than the elastic settlement.
22
23. Contact Pressure and Settlement Profile
Elastic settlement profile and contact pressure in clay:
( Flexible foundation
Rigid foundation
23
24. The sand at the edge of a flexible foundation is pushed outward, and the deflection
curve of the foundation takes a concave downward shape.
Elastic settlement profile and contact pressure in sand
flexible foundation
rigid foundation
24
26. The Process of Consolidation - The spring analogy
A: inside area of
the cross section
of the cylinder
Ps : load carried by
the spring
Pw: load carried
by the water
26
29. 1D- Laboratory Consolidation Test
(oedometer test)
Purpose of the test
-to obtain soil data which is used in predicting the rate
and amount of settlement of structures founded on clay
- an apparatus known as an oedometer
29
