The document discusses the concepts and components of the RPI clasp system for removable partial dentures. The RPI system uses a mesial rest, proximal plate, and I-bar clasp to provide stabilization, retention, and stress control with minimal tooth preparation. There are three approaches to RPI placement depending on how forces are distributed to the tooth and ridge. Modifications include replacing the I-bar with an Akers clasp for teeth with tissue undercuts. Clinical studies found high success rates for RPI dentures and no significant differences in masticatory efficiency between designs.
1. CONCEPTS OF RPI
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing Dental Education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
2. CONTENTS
Introduction
IBar philosophy
RPI system
RPA system
Conclusion
Bibliography
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. Terminology
• REST :
a projection or attachment, usually on
the side of an object
• REST SEAT :
the prepared recess in a tooth or
restoration created to receive the occlusal,
incisal, cingulum, or lingual rest
www.indiandentalacademy.com
4. • I-bar clasp:
the component of the clasp assembly
that engages a portion of the tooth surface
and either enters an undercut for retention
or remains entirely above the height of
contour to act as a reciprocating element.
Generally it is used to stabilize and retain
a removable dental prosthesis
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. • In contrast with the Kratochvil’s basic
design, which necessitates heavy
preparation, Krol developed a modification
that avoids tooth preparation.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
7. • The state emphasis in Krol’s system is
stress control with minimal tooth coverage
and minimal gingival coverage.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. • The clasp system includes the three
elements of Kratochvil’s system: -
mesial rest,
proximal plate
and I-bar.
• Each element, however, has undergone
significant change to meet Krol’s criteria.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. • DISTAL PROXIMAL PLATE-LONG
DISTAL GUIDING PLANE THAT
EXTENDS IN TO THE TOOTH TISSUE
JUNCTION:
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. REST
• Rest preparations are less extensive in the
RPI system.
• The mesial rest extends only into the
triangular fossa, even in molar
preparations, and canine rests are often
circular concave depressions prepared in
the mesial marginal ridge
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15. • When aesthetics permits incisal rests can
be used in mandibular anteriors
• And they can be used to splint the
periodontally weakened teeth
www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. features
• Mesial rest.
• It provides Vertical support
• Good adaptation to transfer forces
principally
• Sufficient bulk to with stand fources
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. • As the distance from the
denture base to teeth increase,
the associated radius also
increase and the arc or rotation
become linear, hence anterior
placement of rest help direct
the forces more vertically onto
tissues of the residual ridge
• REASONS FOR MESIAL REST:
www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. PROXIMAL PLATE:
• The proximal plate makes greatest
departure from Kratochvil’s design.
• The prepared guide plane is 2 to 3 mm
high occlusogingivally and the proximal
plate contacts only 1 mm of the gingival
portion of the guide plane
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. • . Relief is provided at the tooth – tissue
junction to allow the proximal plate to
disengage into the proximal undercut
under occlusal loading.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. • This proximal plate, in conjunction with the
minor connector supporting the rest,
provides the stabilizing and reciprocal
aspects of the clasp assembly.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. advantages
• Improved stabilisation
• Reunites and stabilizes remaining teeth with the
dental arch
• Retention Improves by limiting the paths of
removal and insertion
• Reduces food impaction between teeth and
proximal plate and protects teeth tissue junction
• Provides reciprocation during insertion and
removal
• Distributed forces through out the arch
www.indiandentalacademy.com
23. I – bar:
• The I-bar should be located in the gingival
thirds of the buccal or labial surface of the
abutment in a 0.001 inch undercut.
• The whole arm should be tapered into the
terminus, with no more than 2 mm of its tip
contacting abutment.
2mm
www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. • The retentive tip contacts the tooth from
the undercut to the height of contour.
• This area of contact along with the rest
and proximal plate contact provides
stabilization through encirclement.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
25. • The horizontal portion of the approach arm
must be located at least 4 mm from the
gingival margin and even farther if
possible.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. • ADVANTAGES:
• Food accumulation minimized
• Approach arm does not contact abutment
teeth so lateral forcers are minimized.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
27. • DISADVANTAGES:
• Less horizontal stabilization
• Less retention.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. • There are three basic approaches to the
application of the RPI system.
• The location of the rest, the design of the
minor connector (proximal plate) as it
relates to the guiding plane, and the
location of the retentive arm are factors
that influence how this clasp system
functions.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. • All advocate the use of a rest located
mesially on the primary abutment tooth
adjacent to the extension base area.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. I approach :
• This approach recommends that the
guiding plane and corresponding proximal
plate minor connector extend the entire
length of the proximal tooth surface, with
physiological tissue relief to eliminate
impingement of the free gingival margin
www.indiandentalacademy.com
31. • Bar clasp assembly in which guiding plane
(GP) and corresponding proximal plate
(PP) extend entire length of proximal tooth
surface to contact greater surface area of
guide plane which directs functional forces
in horizontal direction , thus tooth {teeth}
are loaded more than edentulous ridge.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
32. II approach:
• This approach suggests that the guiding
plane and corresponding proximal plate
minor connector extend from the marginal
ridge to the junction of the middle and
gingival thirds of the proximal tooth
surface
www.indiandentalacademy.com
33. • Both approaches recommend that the
retaining clasp arm be located in the
gingival third of the buccal or labial surface
of the abutment in a 0.001 inch undercut
www.indiandentalacademy.com
34. • This decrease amount of surface area
contact of proximal plate on guide plane
more evenly distributes functional force
between tooth and edentulous ridge
www.indiandentalacademy.com
35. III approach:
• This approach favours a proximal plate
minor connector that contacts
approximately 1mm of the gingival portion
of the guiding plane and retentive clasp
arm located in a 0.001 inch undercut in the
gingival third of the tooth at the greatest
prominence or to the mesial away from the
edentulous area
www.indiandentalacademy.com
37. • During function, proximal plate and I-bar
clasp arm are designed to move in
mesiogingival direction, disengaging tooth.
Lack of sustained contact between
proximal plate and guide plane distributes
more functional force to edentulous ridge.
•
www.indiandentalacademy.com
38. • Application of each approach is predicated
on the distribution of load to be applied to
the tooth and edentulous ridge.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
39. • The stated purpose of reducing the
proximal plate is to improve gingival health
by opening up embrasure spaces as much
as possible.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
41. 1. MAJOR CONNECTORS IN MANDIBLE
AND MAXILLA
2. MINOR CONNECTORS
3. DENTURE BASE CONNECTORS
www.indiandentalacademy.com
42. MODIFICATION TO RPI
SYSTEM:
• Kroll in 1976 has given modification to RPI
system. That is
• RPA in which
R = rest
P = proximal plate
A = Akers clasp
www.indiandentalacademy.com
44. contraindications for a bar- type
clasp
exaggerated buccal or lingual tilts,
severe tissue undercut
or a shallow buccal vestibule
and the desirable undercut is located in the
gingival third of the tooth away from the
extension base area,
• this modification to RPI i.e., RPA should
be considered.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
45. Tipped abutments
and tissue impingements are
• treated with RPA clasp.
• When Akers clasp arm is used, careful
attention is paid to relieve all undercuts
except at the retentive tip
www.indiandentalacademy.com
46. The removable partial denture design:
british dental journal: vol-189; n0-7 pg-
414
• In the study they concluded that there a plaque
accumulation in terms of quality and quantity on
alloplastic materials and there is some
components are leached into oral cavity from this
alloplastic material
• And this will cause tissue injury
• This can be prevented with the equillibrium in 3
components
• 1- operator
• 2- patient
• 3- laboratory perosenell
www.indiandentalacademy.com
47. 10yr old evaluation of r.p.d’s ,survival
rates based in re treatment
j.p.d- vol-76: no-1, 1996
• In this survey 784 patients were given with
metal dentures and their feed back was
taken
• In the survey it was found that
88% - with 96% of success
10 people died that is 8%
Remaining people didnt wear the r.p.d
www.indiandentalacademy.com
48. A randomised clinical trial of 2 basic r.p.d’s-
comparision of masticatory efficiency-
j.p.d- 1997: 78; 15-21
• Statement of problem: there is no clinical
data about the functional efficiency of
different r.p.d designs.
• For this 118 patients were selected with
unilateral or bi lateral r.p.d’s
• Conclusion: despite some performance
difference at entry the mean performance
scores for the 2 different groups became
similar
www.indiandentalacademy.com
49. conclusion
• Successful use of the system requires
careful analysis of each component for the
function that it provides and thoughtful
execution of the system in the abutment
preparation and precise fitting of
framework
www.indiandentalacademy.com
50. • The i-bar design meets all of the
requirements of partial denture clasp
system, horizontal stabilization, retention,
reciprocation, and passivity.
• Successful use of i-bar system requires
careful analysis and planning of each
component, skillful abutment preparation,
and precise fitting of the frame work
www.indiandentalacademy.com
51. • Bibliography
• 1.MC CRACKEN’S REMOVABLE PARTIAL PROSTHODONTICS
11TH EDITION.
• 2.STEWART’S CLINICAL REMOVABLE PARTIAL
PROSTHODONTICS
3RD EDITION.
• 3.REMOVABLE DENTURE PROSTHODONTICS –A.A GRANT
/W.JOHNSON 2ND EDITION.
• 4.A COLOUR ATLAS OF REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES
J.C.DAVENPORT,R.M.BASKER
• 5.REMOVABLE PARTIAL PROSTHODONTICS-DR SYBILLE K
LECHNER,PROFESSOR A ROY MAC GREGOR.
REFERENCES
www.indiandentalacademy.com