The document discusses key concepts in Jaina Darshana or Jain philosophy. It covers topics like the 24 Teerthankaras, the seven tattvas or fundamental substances including jiva and ajiva, the concept of Anekanta or multiple viewpoints, and the path to liberation through practices like the five mahavratas and 14 gunasthanas. The core beliefs of Jainism like ahimsa, anekanta, and the classification of reality into jiva and ajiva are explained in relation to concepts in Jain philosophical thought.
the concept of virya gives the knowledge of potency of drugs it is well explained by Virya. the action of the drugs depends on the potency presents in it.
the concept of virya gives the knowledge of potency of drugs it is well explained by Virya. the action of the drugs depends on the potency presents in it.
Knowlegde is of two types Pratyaksha and Apratyaksha.
After Pratyaksha Pramana, Anumana Pramana has been explained.
Both the Asthika Darshana and Ayurveda Shastra has given importance to this Anumana Pramana.
Charvaka Darshana has not considered it as Pramana.
It is considered as a discrete means of knowledge.
The presentation describes about Features of person with Kapha constitution as described in Sharangadhara samhita, Vangasena Samhita, Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita.
The ppt was presented in ARIA - Ayurveda Russian Indian Association.
Every science or literature should be perfect without any mistakes.
It should give a perfect clear cut meaning to the reader.
If any defects or the demerit in the meanings, words, construction of sentences, sequence of topics are found in a Shastra then the validity, popularity and importance of that Shastra is lost by its readers.
So every scholar should have the knowledge of these Tantra Doshas while preparing a new compositions, research papers and books etc. or reading a book.
Philosophical Background of Darshana ShastraUmapati Baragi
Ayurvedic Science is based on the fundamental sciences called ‘Darshana’. The word ‘drs’ that means to see, look, view or The mirror of knowledge or the source of knowledge. Seeing means – External things and Inner self (soul)
Darshana’ is concerned with the vision of ‘truth and reality’.
This is a general description of structural framework of our body, what we call as - Dhatu in Ayurveda. This is just for the basic understanding of the concept of Dhatu including nutrition to them.
Knowlegde is of two types Pratyaksha and Apratyaksha.
After Pratyaksha Pramana, Anumana Pramana has been explained.
Both the Asthika Darshana and Ayurveda Shastra has given importance to this Anumana Pramana.
Charvaka Darshana has not considered it as Pramana.
It is considered as a discrete means of knowledge.
The presentation describes about Features of person with Kapha constitution as described in Sharangadhara samhita, Vangasena Samhita, Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita.
The ppt was presented in ARIA - Ayurveda Russian Indian Association.
Every science or literature should be perfect without any mistakes.
It should give a perfect clear cut meaning to the reader.
If any defects or the demerit in the meanings, words, construction of sentences, sequence of topics are found in a Shastra then the validity, popularity and importance of that Shastra is lost by its readers.
So every scholar should have the knowledge of these Tantra Doshas while preparing a new compositions, research papers and books etc. or reading a book.
Philosophical Background of Darshana ShastraUmapati Baragi
Ayurvedic Science is based on the fundamental sciences called ‘Darshana’. The word ‘drs’ that means to see, look, view or The mirror of knowledge or the source of knowledge. Seeing means – External things and Inner self (soul)
Darshana’ is concerned with the vision of ‘truth and reality’.
This is a general description of structural framework of our body, what we call as - Dhatu in Ayurveda. This is just for the basic understanding of the concept of Dhatu including nutrition to them.
Dr. Ajith The famous Integrative dermatology practitioner. And all the ppt which i have updated is prepared by myself and if you find out same in anywhere else, inform us and its 100% copied from my profile.
Sookshma, Vyavayi and Vikasi are mentioned along with other karmas in the ‘Deepanapaachanaadi adhyaya’ by Sharangadhara (शा.सं/प्र.ख/4)
All the three are stated under the heading of guna in the ‘Mishraka prakarana adhyaya’ of Bhavaprakasha (भा.प्र/पू.ख/प्र/6).
Acharya Susruta in “Annapana vidhi adhyaya” (सु.सू/46/523) and Vaghbata in “Ayushkaameeya adhyaya”(A.S) (अ.सं/सू/1) mentions all these to be gunas.
Nighantus of Ayurveda help in the right identification of the plant species used in treatment. It is essential to understand the basics of the evolution of Dravyaguna right from the Vedic period to the current era for a Materia Medica scholar in the field of Ayurveda.
this is an ppt presentation by dr.b.arun kumar, who is working as a lecturer in MNR ayurvedic medical college, sangareddy, near hyderabad. in this presentation i given all details of virechana karma.
Padartha Vijnana means the science which deals with the substances in the universe, its relationship with the living being in terms of their properties, functions; methods of understanding them etc.
Generally the subject Padartha Vigyan is considered as tough in the field of Ayurveda. But, it is the most useful subject than any other in Ayurveda.
The topics dealt in it are the fundamental concepts of Ayurveda on which entire chikitsa stands.
Understanding the elements in the universe is mandatory before studying the body. In this book, the subject matter is discussed with the help of different darśana and other shastras which are correlated with Ayurveda System.
Hence this will be a good guide for the BAMS students; as it includes all the subject matters in according to the revised syllabus prescribed by NCISM, 2021.
FOR MORE CONTACT THROUGH TELEGRAM CHANNEL @ayurvedonline " https://t.me/ayurvedonline ", Dr Saskhi Bhardwaj,BAMS,NDDY,MD(AYU.SAMHITA AND MAULIK SIDDHANTA,NIA,JAIPUR)
shotha nidana, poorva roopa, roopa, upashaya, samprapthi, chikitsa according to charaka, sushrutha, ashtanga hridaya, ashtanga sangaraha
you can get detail description on shotha from this presentation.
Ayurvedic description of kamala (jaundice) from charaka samhita, sushrutha samhita and Ashtanga hrudaya by Dr.Shruthi Panambur MD in Ayurveda Samhita and Siddhanta.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
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Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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concept of jaina darshana.pptx
1. DAARSHANIKA SIDDHANTA
Concepts in Jaina Darshan
PRESENTER
Dr. Shruthi Panambur
Final year PG scholar
Dept of PG studies in Ayurveda
Samhita and Siddhanta
Sri Sri College of Ayurvedic
Science & Research hospital
GUIDED BY
Dr. Sri Nagesh K.A
Professor & HOD
Dept Of PG Studies In Ayurveda Samhita And
Siddhanta
Sri Sri College Of Ayurvedic Science & Research
Hospital
12/11/2022 daarshanika siddhanta concept of swabhavoparama vaada 1
2. CONTENT
• Introduction
• Review on literature
• Discussion
• Conclusion
12/11/2022 daarshanika siddhanta concept of swabhavoparama vaada 2
3. Introduction
• Darshanas are the part of Indian philosophy, evaluated along with creation and
developed during the period of Upanishads.
• Darshana include all science, physical, mental, intellectual and spiritual.
• Darshanas means is to see or look at and it is the collections of thoughts and doctrines
propounded by the different school of thoughts about the creation of universe.
• Among darshanas jaina darshana is one and it is one among aasthika naasthika darshana.
It accepts the existence of aatma and purvajanma but does not accept the authenticity of
vedas. Jaina darshana propagates ahimsa
12/11/2022 daarshanika siddhanta concept of swabhavoparama vaada 3
4. Jaina Darshana
• Nirukti
• जैन- जज- जये+नक
्
“ रागद्वेषाजिमनोजिकाराञ्जयतीजत जजनः, जजन एि उपास्य िेिताऽस्येजत जैनः” (bharateeya darshana)
the person who try to win over the worldly bondage(raaga dwesha) and
renunciate the worldly enjoyment , the group that is followed is known as “jain”.
It is also called aarhata darshana
12/11/2022 daarshanika siddhanta concept of swabhavoparama vaada 4
5. Arhat and Teerthankara
• अर्हत्
• सिहज्ञो जजतरागाजििोषस्त्रैलोक्यपूजजतः।
यथास्थथताथहिाजि च िेिोऽर्हत् प्रमेश्वरः॥(sarva darshana Sangraha)
those who knows everything and has control over raga, dvesha, krodha etc. who
are worshipped by all in the universe are called Arhat / parameshwara.
• तीथहङ्कर
• तरजत संसारमर्ार्हिं येन तत्तीथहम्, तं करोतीजत तीथहङ्करः||(bhaarateeya darshana)
Those who have control over raagadi Shareera shatru and travelled all over the life.
12/11/2022 daarshanika siddhanta concept of swabhavoparama vaada 5
7. Types
• भुङ्क
् ते न क
े िली न स्त्री मोक्षमेजत जिगम्बरः॥
प्राहुरेषामयं भेिो मर्ान् श्वेताम्बरैः सर् ॥(sarvadharshana sangeaha)
12/11/2022 daarshanika siddhanta concept of swabhavoparama vaada 7
श्वेताम्बर:- who knows everything and has food, and believes
even stree gets moksha, wears white cloths
जिगम्बरः- who does not eat, knows everything and believes
stree will not attain moksha, will not wear cloths.
8. Jnaana
• Knowing about chetana is jnaana according to jaina darshana. It is obtained
naturally when the chetana is vishaya mukta. But due to saamsarika bandana the
jnaana will not establish.
• परोक्ष प्रत्यक्ष
12/11/2022 daarshanika siddhanta concept of swabhavoparama vaada 8
• अिजि
• मनः पयाहय
• क
े िल
• मजत
• श्रुजत
• स्मृजत
• प्रत्यजभज्ञा
• तक
ह
• अनुमान
• आगम
10. Sapta padaartha/sapta tatva
• जीि- living creature
• अजीि- non living creature
• आस्रि तत्व - influx of matter into aatma(the activities of the creatures that attracts)
by the yoga of tana, mana, vachana.
• बन्ध तत्व - attachment or bondage to aatma – prakruthi bandha, sthiti bandha,
anubhava bandha, pravesha bandha
• संिरतत्व-prevention of influx. Control over raga, dwesha, moha etc.
• जनजहरा तत्व- separation of the bondage
• मोक्ष तत्व- complete liberation of aatma. Also it is called nirvaana
12/11/2022 daarshanika siddhanta concept of swabhavoparama vaada 10
11. Dravya
• Dravya has उत्पजत्त स्थथजत जिनष्ट.
• It is of two types jeeva and ajeeva
• jeeva-
dvirindriya, tririndriya, chaturindriyapanchendriya
naaraka, maanushya, tiryancha (pashu pakshi), deva(tatvaarthadhigama
sootra)
12/11/2022 daarshanika siddhanta concept of swabhavoparama vaada 11
12. Dravya
Ajeeva- pudgala, dharma, adharma, aakaasha, kaala
Pudgala(anu, sangaata)- things which is continuously changing by the process of
supplementation or disintegration.
It is formed from paramaanu, so it is divided into dvayanuka, trayanuka etc.
Combination are called sangaata or sknadha- ati sthoola(stones, mountains),
sthoola(jala, taila, ghrita), sthoola sookshma(prakaash, andhakaara,chaaya),
sookshma sthoola(varna, roopa, rasa, gandha, sparsha), sookshma(dvayanuka).
12/11/2022 daarshanika siddhanta concept of swabhavoparama vaada 12
13. Aachaara
• रत्न त्रय-
सम्यक
् िर्हन- the right faith/shraddha
सम्यक
् ज्ञान- right knowledge
सम्यक
् चररत्र- right conduct are done by panmahaa vrata, samiti, gupti, dharma,
anupreksha, parishahajaya, charitra
12/11/2022 daarshanika siddhanta concept of swabhavoparama vaada 13
14. Pancha maha vrata
• अजर्ंस - not to hurt any living being by action or thoughts
• सत्य- not to lie or speak what is not commendable
• अिेय- not to take anything if not given
• ब्रह्मचयह- celibacy in action, words and thought
• अपररग्रर्- detachment from material property
12/11/2022 daarshanika siddhanta concept of swabhavoparama vaada 14
15. Pancha samiti
• Samiti means living by exercising a restraint or discipline over actions that are
essential to lead our lives
• ईयाह सजमजत- limit in movement
• भाषा सजमजत- limit in speech
• एषर् सजमजत- limit of articles
• आिानजनक्षेप सजमजत- limit in respect of receiving and keeping the necessary things
• उत्सगह सजमजत – limit in respect of throwing away articles.
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16. Tri gupti
• Gupti – restraining or concealing
• काय गुस्प्त- restraint of the body
• िाग्गुस्प्त -restraint of the speech
• मनोगुस्प्त- restraint of the mind
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18. Pareeshaya jaya
• There are 22 factors which all should over win they are
• Hunger, thirst, sheeta, taapa, damshamashaka, nagnata, arati, stree, charya,
nishadha, shipya, aakrosha, vadha, begging, alaabha, roga, trunasarsha, mala,
satkaara, pragna, ajnaana, adarshana. (tatvaarthaadigama sootra)
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19. Guna - sthaana
• The stages from the false belief to pure knowledge, which will lead to enlightened
stage(siddhi) that is spiritual development are called guna sthaana.
• It is of 14 stages-
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• Mithyaatva/viveka heenata
• Granthi bheda- knows difference between
sat and asat
• Mishri – in between true and false
knowledge
• Avirata – continuous effort to know the
true knowledge
• Desha virata- the stage of partial self
control
• Pramatta – slightly imperfect vows
• Apramatta – perfect vows
• Apoorva karana-new thought activity
• Anivrutti karana- advanced thought
activity
• Sookshma saamparaaya-slightest delusion
• Upashaanta moha- subsided delusion
• Ksheena moha- destroyed delusion
• Samyoga kevali – omniscience with
vibration
• Ayoga kevali- the stage of omniscience
without any activity.
20. Siddhaatma
• Those who are enlightened are called siddhaatma, who are considered as the
guide.
• They are five –
1. Teerthankara
2. Arhat
3. Aachaarya
4. Upaadhyaaya
5. Saadhuvarga
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22. Sapta padaartha/sapta tatva
• जीि, अजीि, आस्रि तत्व, बन्ध तत्व, संिरतत्व, जनजहरा तत्व, मोक्ष तत्व
• Here dravya are classified into jeeva and ajeeva
• Here the knowledge of sapta padartha is essential for the liberation of aatma
(moksha).
• The kaarana for janma, not getting moksha are aasrava and banda
• The kaarana for moksha are samvara and nirjara
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23. Siddhanta
• Namakarana Siddhanta –
Nirukti of jaina, pudgala, arhat, teerthankara, ratna traya
• Kaarya – kaarana siddhanta
Karma is kaarana for birth(kaarya)
Karma vimukti from vishaya is kaarana for moksha(kaarya)
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24. Pramaana
• Jaina darshana believes that obtaining the jnaana without the help of external
vishaya is prathyaksha.
• Because they believe that getting the aatma jnaana for the purpose of moksha is
prathyaksha. Other than that all are paroksha jnaana.
• That is the application of the jnaana obtained by the scriptures or aagama is done
because the karma is responsible for punarjanma.
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25. Vaada
• Syaat vaada/ anekanta vaada
They believe jnaana is of two types, one is to know about the thing as it is and other
is to see the thing in a different angles to understand that in proper and detail way
and to get the true knowledge.
• Parinaama vaada
Parinaama takes place in pudgala, dravya has utpatti, stiti and naasha.
Anu and sanghata form of pudgala is due to parinaama
Kaala is always a kaarana for parinaama
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26. Vishesha parakarana
• Shrishti utpatti according to jaina darshana is unknown antiquity. They believe
that there will be no destruction of sat and from asat nothing will produce and here
eeshwara is asat which is not responsible for shrishti utpatti which is a kaarya.
• Jaina darshana believe teerthankaras as eeshwara who guides them the path for
moksha. Who is in siddhi avastha(enlightened stage)
Ahimsa is the main for moksha.
• Pudgala can be considered as maha bhuta that is vaayu, agni, jala, prithvi.
Aakaasha is mentioned separately.
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27. Vishesha parakarana
• Mainly believing, attaining knowledge and following it properly is reason for
moksha.
• Restraining the bad activities and doing good activities which is related to vaak,
kaaya, mana explained.
• The 14 stages of guna sthaana refers to the stages of manas from tamasika dosha
heading towards saatvika guna which will lead to moksha.
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28. Similarities between Jaina darshana and Ayurveda
• Apthopadesha, prathyaksha, anumana are accepted
• Sadvritha explained in ayurveda and following aachara by jaina has similarities.
That is control over vaak, kaaya mana is mainly mentioned in both
• Both believes aatma and paramaatma
• Ultimate aim of janma is moksha
• Paramaanu is accepted by both
• Karma and karma phala are belived
• Believes in punarjanma
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29. Disimilarities between Jaina darshana and Ayurveda
Jaina darshana
Naastika darshana
Believe in theerthankara as god
Saptha padaartha
Three ratna for moksha
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Ayurveda
Aastika darshana
Believe in paramaatma as god
Shad padhaartha
To attain moksha the charyas are
explained in charaka Shareera sthaana
30. Conclusion
• Jaina darshana, main aim is moksha praapti is attained by understanding sapta padaartha.
Restraining from bad activities and following good things, vaachika, kaayika, maanasika
is the method similar to sadvritha explained in ayurveda.
• Kaarya kaarana Siddhanta is explained by anekanta vaada which gives the liberty to look
into the matter in all accepts, that is well applied in ayurveda in the explaining shrishti
uppatti, vikalpa samprati, many nidaana to produce vyaadhi, yukti pramana.
• By naming the word pudgala and its anu and sanghata form explains the parinaaama
vaada.
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31. Conclusion
• Importance of namakarana Siddhanta is seen in jaina, ratna traya, arhat,
teerthankara
• Pramaana are explained for aatma jnaana. The knowledge that is obtained by
baahya indriya are called paroksha and without baahya indrya the knowledge is
called prathyaksha.
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Paroksha- indriya mana sannikarsha, prathyaksha – no indriya arrtha saadana aatma ,, first two paroksha and last 3 prathyaksha..according to siddasena divaakara
Pramaana and naya different drushti kona..syat to be
Yoga is activity of kaaya vaak manas
Teerthankara- who preches jaina darshana rahasya.
Arhat- who are enlightened and they will be in way to moksha
3. Who will teach how to live