This document discusses the field of medical informatics, which deals with optimizing the storage, retrieval, and management of biomedical information. It defines medical informatics and related fields like medical decision making, computing, and decision support. It outlines key areas that medical informatics impacts like education, clinical decision support, and imaging. It also examines the role of informatics in clinical settings and clinical trials.

1. Computer Science for Health
Prepared by
Md. Shafiuzzaman
Lecturer, Dept. of CSE, JUST

2. Objective
“Medical Informatics is not about using
Microsoft Word to enter patient
information…”
Charles Friedman, PhD
University of Pittsburgh
at the UW Symposium, Fall 2000

3. Objective
“ Medical informatics is the rapidly developing
scientific field that deals with resources,
devices and formalized methods for
optimizing the storage, retrieval and
management of biomedical information for
problem solving and decision making”
Edward Shortliffe, MD, PhD
1995

4. Computers in Medicine
•Information central to biomedical research and
clinical practice
•Type
• integrated information-management environments
• affect on practice of medicine and biomedical
•Method
• medical computing
• medical informatics
• clinical informatics
• bioinformatics

5. Areas
• Medical decision making
• Probabilistic medical reasoning
• Patient care and monitoring systems
• Computer aided surgery
• Electronic patient records
• Clinical decision support
• Standards in medical informatics
• Imaging
• Image management systems
• Telemedicine

6. Medical Informatics
• Medical Education
• Patient Data Collection and Recording
• Clinical Information Retrieval
• Medical Knowledge Retrieval
• Medical Decision Making

7. Example of Scientific Areas Relevant
to Medical Informatics
• Medicine/ Biology
• Mathematics
• Information Systems
• Computer Science
• Statistics
• Decision Analysis
• Economics/Health Care Policy
• Psychology

8. The Diagnostic-Therapeutic Cycle
Patient
Data collection:
-History
-Physical examinations
-Laboratory and other tests
Decision
making
Planning
Information
Diagnosis/assessment
Therapy plan
Data

9. Levels of Automated Support
(Van Bemmel and Musen, 1997)

10. Definitions
•Medical Informatics: the science of medical
information collection and management
•Medical Decision Making: quantitative methods for
reasoning under uncertainty
•Medical Computing: computer applications for
information management
•Medical Decision Support: computer-based
information processing to help human decision
makers

11. How Did We Do It?
• Information Science
• Standards
• Integration

12. Ambulatory Care
•Aka Primary Care, Office Medicine…
•Roles (information specific):
•Patient
•Scheduling, Registration
•Nursing
•Physician

13. Patient
• Able to request an appointment
• Check medicines
• Self report
• Insurance Information!

14. Clinic Receptionist
• Appointment scheduling
• Check-in
• Insurance Information
• Billing
• Follow-up visit

15. Nurse
• Triage (certain settings)
• Chief Complaint
• Brief History
• Vital signs & Initial Exam
• Pulse, BP, Respirations, Pulse Oximeter
• Psychosocial Assessment
• Discharge Instructions (Pt Education)

16. Physician
• Review Chart Data, Studies
• Document History and Physical Exam
• Dx, Tx plan (orders, follow-up)
• SOAP note
• Subjective
• Objective
• Assessment
• Plan

17. Ancillary Studies: Radiology Tech
• Schedule Exam
• Review Allergies, Pregnancy
• Review Clinical Indication
• Enter Exam Data

18. Conventional data collection for clinical trial
Clinical trial design
• Definition of data elements
• Definition of eligibility
• Process descriptions
• Stopping criteria
• Other details of the trial
Data sheets
Computer
database
Analyses
Results
Medical records

19. Role of EMR in supporting clinical trials
Clinical trial design
• Definition of data elements
• Definition of eligibility
• Process descriptions
• Stopping criteria
• Other details of the trial
Clinical trial
database
Analyses
Results
Medical records systems
Clinical data
repository

20. Networking the organization
Enterprise network
Patient
workstation
Clinical
workstations
Clerical
workstation
Research
databeses
Administrative systems
(e.g. admissions, discharges and transfers)
Library
resources
Radiology
Billing and
financial systems
Cost
accounting
Microbiology
Pharmacy
Clinical databases
Electronic medical
records
Personnel
systems
Material
management
Educational
programs
Clinical
laboratory
Data
warehouse

21. Moving beyond the organization
Patients
Healthy
individuals
Providers
in offices
or clinics
Information
resources
(Medline..)
Government
medical research
agencies
3rd party
payers
The Internet
Government
health insurance
programs
Other hospitals
and physicians
Pharmaceuticals
regulators
Communicable
disease agencies
Health Science
Schools
Vendors
of various types
(e.g. pharmaceuticals
companies

22. Healthcare institutes Needs
•Healthcare institutes are seeking Integrated clinical
work stations that will assist with clinical matters
by:
• Reporting results of tests
• Allowing direct entry of orders
• Facilitating access to transcribed reports
• Supporting telemedicine applications
• Supporting decision-support functions

23. The Heart of the Evolving Clinical
Workstation
• Electronic
• Confidential
• Secure
• Acceptable to clinicians and patients.
• Integrated with non-patient-specific information

24. Bioinformatics vs. Clinical
•Bioinformatics - The study of how information is
represented and transmitted in biological systems,
starting at the molecular level.
•Clinical informatics deals with the management of
information related to the delivery of health care
•Bioinformatics focuses on the management of
information related to the underlying basic
biological sciences.

25. Medical Image Processing
• Input: X-Ray, CT-scan, MRI, PET, etc.
• Tasks:
• Correction of multiple artifacts
• Registration:Superimposition to enhance visualization
• Segmentation: Decomposition into semantically meaningful regions

26. Conclusion
•Multidisciplinary research, development, and
application
• inspired by and benefits underlying core
scientific/engineering areas
•Medical Decision support systems:
• Tasks: Diagnosis, therapy
• Mode: Human initiated, data driven, closed loop
• Interaction style: Prescriptive, critiquing
• Multiple diagnostic/therapeutic methodologies