This PPT explains about computer network in easily understandable way. It deals about terminals, computer, communication processor, communication media, telecommunication software, functions of telecommunication software such as security control, error control, access control etc.,
Data communication refers to the transmission of digital data between computers over a medium like telephone lines. Telecommunication includes both digital and analog transmission of data and voice. Data communication is a subset of telecommunication.
A communication network consists of a source that sends messages, a medium like phone lines or fiber optic cables that transmits the data, and a receiver that accepts the messages. Data can be transmitted serially, one bit at a time over a single line, or in parallel, with all bits sent simultaneously over multiple lines.
(computer Networks it) by gulshan k maheshwari qauGulshanKumar368
The document discusses various topics related to computer networks including:
1. Data transmission can be analog or digital. Analog transmits continuous signals while digital transmits pulses. Digital provides higher transmission speed and integrity.
2. Common network topologies include bus, star, ring and tree. The bus topology connects all devices to a central cable. The star topology connects all devices to a central hub. The ring topology forms a closed loop connecting all devices.
3. Network devices like hubs, switches and routers are used to connect computers in a network. Hubs provide a central connection point. Switches and routers are more intelligent and send data only to the intended recipient.
Data communication involves transmitting data from one location to another using transmission media. It requires a message, sender, receiver, medium/communication channel, and encoder/decoder. Communication media refers to the means of delivering and receiving data, including wired media like coaxial cable, twisted pair cable, and fiber optic cable, and wireless media like microwaves, satellite, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. Wired communication uses physical connections like cables while wireless uses technologies like radio frequencies.
The document discusses telecommunications networks and their components. It describes the five basic components of telecommunications networks as terminals, telecommunication processors, communication channels, computers, and telecommunication software. It then discusses different types of networks like wide area networks, local area networks, virtual private networks, client/server networks, and peer-to-peer networks. The document also covers various telecommunication media and technologies used for data transmission like wired technologies, wireless technologies, telecommunication processors, telecommunication software, and networking topologies.
A computer network connects devices through communication channels to allow for resource sharing. An enterprise network integrates systems across departments to eliminate isolated users. A telecommunication network transmits information electronically over long distances. It consists of terminals, computers, transmission media, and software. Benefits of telecommunication networks include overcoming barriers of time, distance, and costs. Components include devices, connecting hardware, software protocols, and security measures. Network topologies determine how devices are arranged and connected, with common examples being bus, star, ring, and hybrid configurations. Major trends impacting telecommunications include growth of internet technologies, digital networks, and increased business applications.
This document discusses communications, telecommunications, and computer networks. It defines key concepts such as analog and digital signals, different types of transmission media including twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable and wireless transmission, and networking devices like modems, multiplexers, and front-end processors. It also covers network topologies, different types of computer networks, and client-server models.
Networks and telecommunication technologies basicsDavid Kibuki
The document provides an overview of network and telecommunication technologies. It discusses how networks have evolved from single-user PCs to complex multi-user systems connecting organizations. The main types of networks covered include local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), wireless networks, metropolitan area networks (MANs), and personal area networks (PANs). The document also describes common network structures like server-based, client/server, and peer-to-peer networks. Finally, it discusses popular network topologies such as bus, star, tree and mesh configurations.
This document provides an introduction to data communications and telecommunications. It discusses what data communication is, the history of telecommunications including key inventions and developments, features of communication like senders, receivers, and message types. It also covers network applications, application service providers, business data communication issues, introduces different types of networks and topologies, store-and-forward systems, and the major data communication frameworks of OSI and TCP/IP. Key concepts like sessions, nodes, links, paths, circuits, and packetizing are also defined.
Data communication refers to the transmission of digital data between computers over a medium like telephone lines. Telecommunication includes both digital and analog transmission of data and voice. Data communication is a subset of telecommunication.
A communication network consists of a source that sends messages, a medium like phone lines or fiber optic cables that transmits the data, and a receiver that accepts the messages. Data can be transmitted serially, one bit at a time over a single line, or in parallel, with all bits sent simultaneously over multiple lines.
(computer Networks it) by gulshan k maheshwari qauGulshanKumar368
The document discusses various topics related to computer networks including:
1. Data transmission can be analog or digital. Analog transmits continuous signals while digital transmits pulses. Digital provides higher transmission speed and integrity.
2. Common network topologies include bus, star, ring and tree. The bus topology connects all devices to a central cable. The star topology connects all devices to a central hub. The ring topology forms a closed loop connecting all devices.
3. Network devices like hubs, switches and routers are used to connect computers in a network. Hubs provide a central connection point. Switches and routers are more intelligent and send data only to the intended recipient.
Data communication involves transmitting data from one location to another using transmission media. It requires a message, sender, receiver, medium/communication channel, and encoder/decoder. Communication media refers to the means of delivering and receiving data, including wired media like coaxial cable, twisted pair cable, and fiber optic cable, and wireless media like microwaves, satellite, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. Wired communication uses physical connections like cables while wireless uses technologies like radio frequencies.
The document discusses telecommunications networks and their components. It describes the five basic components of telecommunications networks as terminals, telecommunication processors, communication channels, computers, and telecommunication software. It then discusses different types of networks like wide area networks, local area networks, virtual private networks, client/server networks, and peer-to-peer networks. The document also covers various telecommunication media and technologies used for data transmission like wired technologies, wireless technologies, telecommunication processors, telecommunication software, and networking topologies.
A computer network connects devices through communication channels to allow for resource sharing. An enterprise network integrates systems across departments to eliminate isolated users. A telecommunication network transmits information electronically over long distances. It consists of terminals, computers, transmission media, and software. Benefits of telecommunication networks include overcoming barriers of time, distance, and costs. Components include devices, connecting hardware, software protocols, and security measures. Network topologies determine how devices are arranged and connected, with common examples being bus, star, ring, and hybrid configurations. Major trends impacting telecommunications include growth of internet technologies, digital networks, and increased business applications.
This document discusses communications, telecommunications, and computer networks. It defines key concepts such as analog and digital signals, different types of transmission media including twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable and wireless transmission, and networking devices like modems, multiplexers, and front-end processors. It also covers network topologies, different types of computer networks, and client-server models.
Networks and telecommunication technologies basicsDavid Kibuki
The document provides an overview of network and telecommunication technologies. It discusses how networks have evolved from single-user PCs to complex multi-user systems connecting organizations. The main types of networks covered include local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), wireless networks, metropolitan area networks (MANs), and personal area networks (PANs). The document also describes common network structures like server-based, client/server, and peer-to-peer networks. Finally, it discusses popular network topologies such as bus, star, tree and mesh configurations.
This document provides an introduction to data communications and telecommunications. It discusses what data communication is, the history of telecommunications including key inventions and developments, features of communication like senders, receivers, and message types. It also covers network applications, application service providers, business data communication issues, introduces different types of networks and topologies, store-and-forward systems, and the major data communication frameworks of OSI and TCP/IP. Key concepts like sessions, nodes, links, paths, circuits, and packetizing are also defined.
This document provides an introduction to data communications and networking concepts. It discusses the history of telecommunications and data communication. The key aspects covered include the OSI reference model, TCP/IP protocol suite, network topologies, transmission media such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, fiber optics and wireless technologies. Application areas such as email, e-commerce and wireless applications are also summarized. The document concludes with an overview of data communication careers.
This document discusses telecommunications, the internet, wireless technology, and their components. It covers analog and digital signals, wired and wireless transmission methods, network topologies like star, bus, and ring networks. It also discusses local and wide area networks, standards like TCP/IP and OSI models, internet service providers, the world wide web, electronic business technologies, firewalls, extranets, web content management systems, and challenges of new IT infrastructures.
This document defines basic concepts of telecommunications and networks. It describes different types of communication including synchronous, where the receiver gets the message immediately, and asynchronous, where there is a delay. It also defines telecommunications as electronic communication of signals like telephone, radio and television. The document outlines different types of telecommunications media including twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, microwave transmission, and wireless transmission. It provides details on characteristics of each type of media such as speed and applications.
A network connects two or more computers and allows them to share resources. There are two main types: local area networks (LANs) which connect computers in a small area like a building, and wide area networks (WANs) which connect computers over a large geographical area. Networks use hardware like hubs, routers, and gateways to transmit data via physical cables or wireless media using protocols like Ethernet and TCP/IP. They are categorized by their topology, protocols, and architecture.
Components of Data Communication Systems, Modes of Data Communications, Applications of Networks, Physical Topologies and their types, Categories of Networks: LAN, MAN, WAN
This document provides an overview of communication and computer networks. It begins with a brief history of communication methods such as smoke signals and drums. It then introduces computer networks, distinguishing between wide area networks that connect multiple locations over long distances, and local/metropolitan area networks that operate within a limited geographical scope. The document discusses how networks allocate and share resources among users. It also outlines some of the challenges in integrating different network services and maintaining security.
Lecture 3 network communication media and devicesAlbert Abbosey
The document discusses various types of network communication media and devices. It describes wired media like twisted pair cables, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable. It also covers wireless media such as radio waves, microwaves, cellular networks, satellite communication, and infrared transmission. The document explains how these different media transmit data and their advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses common network devices that help transmit and direct data traffic, such as switches, routers, and network interface cards.
Data communication -Logeswaran -principal logesh123456
The document discusses various topics related to computer networks including network topologies (star, mesh, hybrid), transmission media (twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, radio waves, infrared), network devices (switches, routers, gateways), and standards (cable standards, types of switches, functions of routers and gateways). It provides information on LAN, MAN, WAN and other network types as well as guided and unguided transmission media.
CND_22634_UNIT1_MSBTE_Computer network and Data CommunicationPranoti Doke
1.1 Data communication and its
characteristics
1.2 Components of data communication Transmitter, Receiver, Medium, Message, Protocol. Standards, Standard organizations. Basic block diagram of data communication system
1.3 Data Transmission: Serial, Parallel Synchronous, Asynchronous, Isochronous transmission
1.4 Transmission characteristics: Signaling rate, data rate, bit rate, baud rate
1.5 feed of computer networks, Network criteria, advantages of networking
1.6 Network topologies: Mesh, Star, Bus, Tree, Ring and Hybrid topologies - Schematic diagram, working, ad viint‹i disadvantages and applications
1.7 Network Classification:
Based on Transmission Technology
Point to-point, Multipoint, Broadcast
Based on physical size(scale):
PAN, BAN, LAN, MAN, WAN,VPN
based on Architecture: Peer to Peer, client Server, off a esC ent Se er over Peer-to-Peer Model.
Chapter 08 communication and network cscHisyam Rosly
This document discusses objectives for a chapter on computer communications. It covers topics like describing uses of computer communications including wireless messaging services and wireless internet access points. It also covers differentiating between types of networks like LANs, MANs, and WANs. Additionally, it addresses explaining the purpose of communications software and describing various types of lines for communications over the telephone network.
This document discusses networking and telecommunication concepts. It defines communication, telecommunication, and data communication. It describes the components of data communication including the message, sender, receiver, medium, and protocols. It then explains different transmission modes such as simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex. It also discusses bandwidth, communication mediums including guided and unguided mediums, and computer networks. Finally, it covers network topologies, devices, and types of networks.
Introduction to Computer Networks and Data CommunicationsAngel G Diaz
This document introduces key concepts in computer networks, including defining basic network terminology, describing common network layouts, and examining the OSI and TCP/IP models. It outlines the layers of each model and how data flows between layers. The document provides an overview of computer networks and serves as an introduction for a course on data communications and networks.
This document provides an introduction to computer networks. It defines a computer network as two or more interconnected computers that allow sharing of resources. Computer networks enable communication and collaboration between individuals and organizations. They allow users to share hardware, software, data and perform centralized administration. Networks can be classified based on their scope, ownership, topology, transmission medium, connection management and transmission technology. Key network components include hardware like computers, cables and devices, as well as software like operating systems, applications, protocols and standards.
Data communication involves the transmission of electronic data between nodes through a communication medium. There are several fundamental principles and basic elements of a communication system. The principles include delivery of data to the correct destination, accuracy of the data, and timely delivery. The basic elements are the message, sender, medium, receiver, and protocols. Common wired media include twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable. Wireless media include Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and cellular networks. Protocols like TCP/IP govern how devices communicate by handling delivery and addressing. Data can be transmitted in analog or digital form.
Dr. John Sum introduces various concepts related to telecommunications and computer networks. He discusses different types of telecommunication media that can transmit electronic signals including twisted pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, microwave, satellite, cellular, and infrared transmission. He also describes network topologies like ring, bus, star, and hierarchical networks. The document covers protocols like TCP/IP and OSI 7-layer model, as well as applications of telecommunications including email, videoconferencing, electronic data interchange, and public network services.
Data communication refers to the transmission of digital data between two or more computers or networks. It involves using computing and communication technologies to transfer data from one place to another. There are three key characteristics of an effective data communication system: delivery of data to the correct destination, accuracy in delivery, and timely delivery. The basic components of a data communication system are a sender that transmits a message or data, a receiver that obtains the message, a transmission medium that allows the message to travel between sender and receiver, and an encoder-decoder that establishes rules and formats for communication.
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Telecommunications network, electronic system of links and switches, and the controls that govern their operation, that allows for data transfer and exchange among multiple users.
A computer network connects two or more computers through wired or wireless communication mediums in order to share computer resources and information. The key components of a computer network include sending devices that transmit information, receiving devices that accept transmitted data, communication devices like modems that enable communication between computers and other devices, and transmission mediums like cables and wireless technologies that carry communication signals from one place to another.
The document discusses various networking, telecommunications, and mobile technologies important for business. It defines different types of networks including LANs, WANs, and MANs. It also covers network basics like architecture, protocols, media, and topologies. Wireless technologies like Wi-Fi, WiMAX, Bluetooth, and cellular are described along with how they enable increased business mobility. Security of business networks is also addressed.
Telecommunication networks provide several business benefits for networked enterprises, including better communication, data distribution, instant transactions, a flexible workforce, and greater efficiency. As businesses become digital firms, they are able to develop digitally-enabled relationships and seamless information flow. Telecommunication networks are made up of various components including people, hardware, software, data, and network resources. Common network topologies used include star, ring, and bus networks. Businesses can leverage telecommunication networks and the internet to collaborate, provide customer support, engage in e-commerce, and realize cost savings. Intranets also allow internal information sharing and communication within an organization.
The document provides information on different types of telecommunication networks and their components. It discusses wide area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), virtual private networks (VPNs), client/server networks, peer-to-peer networks, and wired and wireless technologies used for telecommunications. It also describes common network devices like routers, switches, hubs, and gateways, and how they facilitate interconnection and communication between different networks.
This document provides an introduction to data communications and networking concepts. It discusses the history of telecommunications and data communication. The key aspects covered include the OSI reference model, TCP/IP protocol suite, network topologies, transmission media such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, fiber optics and wireless technologies. Application areas such as email, e-commerce and wireless applications are also summarized. The document concludes with an overview of data communication careers.
This document discusses telecommunications, the internet, wireless technology, and their components. It covers analog and digital signals, wired and wireless transmission methods, network topologies like star, bus, and ring networks. It also discusses local and wide area networks, standards like TCP/IP and OSI models, internet service providers, the world wide web, electronic business technologies, firewalls, extranets, web content management systems, and challenges of new IT infrastructures.
This document defines basic concepts of telecommunications and networks. It describes different types of communication including synchronous, where the receiver gets the message immediately, and asynchronous, where there is a delay. It also defines telecommunications as electronic communication of signals like telephone, radio and television. The document outlines different types of telecommunications media including twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, microwave transmission, and wireless transmission. It provides details on characteristics of each type of media such as speed and applications.
A network connects two or more computers and allows them to share resources. There are two main types: local area networks (LANs) which connect computers in a small area like a building, and wide area networks (WANs) which connect computers over a large geographical area. Networks use hardware like hubs, routers, and gateways to transmit data via physical cables or wireless media using protocols like Ethernet and TCP/IP. They are categorized by their topology, protocols, and architecture.
Components of Data Communication Systems, Modes of Data Communications, Applications of Networks, Physical Topologies and their types, Categories of Networks: LAN, MAN, WAN
This document provides an overview of communication and computer networks. It begins with a brief history of communication methods such as smoke signals and drums. It then introduces computer networks, distinguishing between wide area networks that connect multiple locations over long distances, and local/metropolitan area networks that operate within a limited geographical scope. The document discusses how networks allocate and share resources among users. It also outlines some of the challenges in integrating different network services and maintaining security.
Lecture 3 network communication media and devicesAlbert Abbosey
The document discusses various types of network communication media and devices. It describes wired media like twisted pair cables, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable. It also covers wireless media such as radio waves, microwaves, cellular networks, satellite communication, and infrared transmission. The document explains how these different media transmit data and their advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses common network devices that help transmit and direct data traffic, such as switches, routers, and network interface cards.
Data communication -Logeswaran -principal logesh123456
The document discusses various topics related to computer networks including network topologies (star, mesh, hybrid), transmission media (twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, radio waves, infrared), network devices (switches, routers, gateways), and standards (cable standards, types of switches, functions of routers and gateways). It provides information on LAN, MAN, WAN and other network types as well as guided and unguided transmission media.
CND_22634_UNIT1_MSBTE_Computer network and Data CommunicationPranoti Doke
1.1 Data communication and its
characteristics
1.2 Components of data communication Transmitter, Receiver, Medium, Message, Protocol. Standards, Standard organizations. Basic block diagram of data communication system
1.3 Data Transmission: Serial, Parallel Synchronous, Asynchronous, Isochronous transmission
1.4 Transmission characteristics: Signaling rate, data rate, bit rate, baud rate
1.5 feed of computer networks, Network criteria, advantages of networking
1.6 Network topologies: Mesh, Star, Bus, Tree, Ring and Hybrid topologies - Schematic diagram, working, ad viint‹i disadvantages and applications
1.7 Network Classification:
Based on Transmission Technology
Point to-point, Multipoint, Broadcast
Based on physical size(scale):
PAN, BAN, LAN, MAN, WAN,VPN
based on Architecture: Peer to Peer, client Server, off a esC ent Se er over Peer-to-Peer Model.
Chapter 08 communication and network cscHisyam Rosly
This document discusses objectives for a chapter on computer communications. It covers topics like describing uses of computer communications including wireless messaging services and wireless internet access points. It also covers differentiating between types of networks like LANs, MANs, and WANs. Additionally, it addresses explaining the purpose of communications software and describing various types of lines for communications over the telephone network.
This document discusses networking and telecommunication concepts. It defines communication, telecommunication, and data communication. It describes the components of data communication including the message, sender, receiver, medium, and protocols. It then explains different transmission modes such as simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex. It also discusses bandwidth, communication mediums including guided and unguided mediums, and computer networks. Finally, it covers network topologies, devices, and types of networks.
Introduction to Computer Networks and Data CommunicationsAngel G Diaz
This document introduces key concepts in computer networks, including defining basic network terminology, describing common network layouts, and examining the OSI and TCP/IP models. It outlines the layers of each model and how data flows between layers. The document provides an overview of computer networks and serves as an introduction for a course on data communications and networks.
This document provides an introduction to computer networks. It defines a computer network as two or more interconnected computers that allow sharing of resources. Computer networks enable communication and collaboration between individuals and organizations. They allow users to share hardware, software, data and perform centralized administration. Networks can be classified based on their scope, ownership, topology, transmission medium, connection management and transmission technology. Key network components include hardware like computers, cables and devices, as well as software like operating systems, applications, protocols and standards.
Data communication involves the transmission of electronic data between nodes through a communication medium. There are several fundamental principles and basic elements of a communication system. The principles include delivery of data to the correct destination, accuracy of the data, and timely delivery. The basic elements are the message, sender, medium, receiver, and protocols. Common wired media include twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable. Wireless media include Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and cellular networks. Protocols like TCP/IP govern how devices communicate by handling delivery and addressing. Data can be transmitted in analog or digital form.
Dr. John Sum introduces various concepts related to telecommunications and computer networks. He discusses different types of telecommunication media that can transmit electronic signals including twisted pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, microwave, satellite, cellular, and infrared transmission. He also describes network topologies like ring, bus, star, and hierarchical networks. The document covers protocols like TCP/IP and OSI 7-layer model, as well as applications of telecommunications including email, videoconferencing, electronic data interchange, and public network services.
Data communication refers to the transmission of digital data between two or more computers or networks. It involves using computing and communication technologies to transfer data from one place to another. There are three key characteristics of an effective data communication system: delivery of data to the correct destination, accuracy in delivery, and timely delivery. The basic components of a data communication system are a sender that transmits a message or data, a receiver that obtains the message, a transmission medium that allows the message to travel between sender and receiver, and an encoder-decoder that establishes rules and formats for communication.
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Telecommunications network, electronic system of links and switches, and the controls that govern their operation, that allows for data transfer and exchange among multiple users.
A computer network connects two or more computers through wired or wireless communication mediums in order to share computer resources and information. The key components of a computer network include sending devices that transmit information, receiving devices that accept transmitted data, communication devices like modems that enable communication between computers and other devices, and transmission mediums like cables and wireless technologies that carry communication signals from one place to another.
The document discusses various networking, telecommunications, and mobile technologies important for business. It defines different types of networks including LANs, WANs, and MANs. It also covers network basics like architecture, protocols, media, and topologies. Wireless technologies like Wi-Fi, WiMAX, Bluetooth, and cellular are described along with how they enable increased business mobility. Security of business networks is also addressed.
Telecommunication networks provide several business benefits for networked enterprises, including better communication, data distribution, instant transactions, a flexible workforce, and greater efficiency. As businesses become digital firms, they are able to develop digitally-enabled relationships and seamless information flow. Telecommunication networks are made up of various components including people, hardware, software, data, and network resources. Common network topologies used include star, ring, and bus networks. Businesses can leverage telecommunication networks and the internet to collaborate, provide customer support, engage in e-commerce, and realize cost savings. Intranets also allow internal information sharing and communication within an organization.
The document provides information on different types of telecommunication networks and their components. It discusses wide area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), virtual private networks (VPNs), client/server networks, peer-to-peer networks, and wired and wireless technologies used for telecommunications. It also describes common network devices like routers, switches, hubs, and gateways, and how they facilitate interconnection and communication between different networks.
Basics of data communication and computer networking (262 kb)IMRAN KHAN
The document discusses the basics of data communication and computer networking. It introduces data communication as the process of transporting data from one point to another using networks. Networks are communication systems designed to convey information from a point of origin to a point of destination. The key components of a data communication system include a transmitter that sends the message, a receiver that receives the message, a communication medium that carries the message, the message itself, and a communication protocol. Computer networks allow for the sharing of resources between connected computers.
Computer networks allow interconnected computers and devices to share information and resources. They transmit digital data through physical transmission mediums like cables or wirelessly. Protocols define communication standards to minimize errors. Popular uses of networks include e-business, online education, and remote communication, which have benefited society through increased access and lower costs.
Computer networks allow computers to communicate and share resources. They can be used for simultaneous access to shared data and devices, personal communications like email and messaging, video and audio conferencing, and easier backups. Networks connect computers through hardware, software, and communication media. They transmit information electronically between locations using technologies like cables, wireless transmission, and networking protocols. Common network topologies include bus, star, ring, and mesh configurations.
This document provides an overview of data communication systems and components. It discusses telecommunication systems, channels, media, hardware, software, and network topologies. The five main components of a telecommunications system are the sender, channel/media, hardware, software, and receiver. Common network topologies include bus, star, ring, and mesh configurations.
This document discusses computer networking technology. It defines key concepts like communication systems having senders, mediums, and receivers. It describes different modes of data transmission including simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex. It also discusses different types of communication media such as bounded media like twisted pair cables and unbounded media like wireless transmission. Finally, it outlines common computer network models and categories including client-server networks, peer-to-peer networks, and local area networks.
This document provides an overview of computer networks. It begins by discussing how computer networks have changed daily life through services like watching cable TV, using ATMs, emailing, and more. A network is defined as two or more connected autonomous computers. The goals of networking are sharing resources, improved communication, and reduced communication costs. Networks have senders, receivers, messages, transmission mediums, and protocols. Early networks included ARPANET and NSFNET. The internet evolved from these and allows globally connected services. Network topologies like star, bus, and types of devices like hubs, switches, and routers are also summarized.
Telecommunication The Fastest Way To CommunicateEric Ronald
A telecommunication system features a transmitter to take data and convert it to a sign, an indication moderate to carry the signal, and a receiver to take the signal and convert it back into functional information
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This document provides an overview of computer networks and the Internet. It discusses how networks allow computers to communicate and exchange information. It describes different types of computer networks like local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and personal area networks (PANs). The document also explains how the Internet functions as a network of networks that connects millions of devices worldwide using common protocols. It provides details on how data is encapsulated and transmitted across the different layers of the TCP/IP protocol stack from physical to application layers.
This document provides a summary of computer applications in business. It discusses various topics related to business communications including communication hardware, channels, protocols, networks, security, and electronic commerce. The key points covered are:
- Communication hardware transfers data between computers and includes channels, interface cards, and control units. Common channel media are fiber optic cables and microwaves.
- Protocols define rules for data transmission between devices to ensure compatible communication. Networks like LANs and WANs connect computers over different geographic areas. The Internet uses TCP/IP protocols to connect global networks.
- Electronic commerce allows businesses to sell goods over the internet through websites connected to databases. Customers can browse products, fill orders,
LESSON-02-Communications and Computer Networking.pptxNabeelBashir10
This document discusses communications and computer networks. It defines communications as the transmission of messages via signals through a medium. Telecommunications refers to electronic transmission of signals including telephone, radio, and television. Data communications is a subset of telecommunications that involves the electronic collection, processing, and distribution of data between computer systems. A computer network connects two or more computer systems and devices to share hardware, programs, and databases. Various media are used for telecommunications including twisted pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, microwave, satellite, infrared, and cellular transmission. Devices like modems and multiplexers are used to interface between computer systems and transmission media.
This document discusses telecommunications systems and their components. It describes how data can be communicated electronically between computers and devices via wired or wireless transmission channels. The key components of a telecommunications system include communications devices like modems, routers, and switches; communications channels such as cables and wireless technologies; and communication software, standards, and protocols that allow for effective data transfer.
The document defines key concepts in data communication and computer networking. It discusses the components of a data communication system including the message, sender, medium, receiver and protocol. It also describes distributed processing, network types including LAN, MAN and WAN, network structures like client-server and peer-to-peer, topologies such as star, bus, ring and mesh, transmission media including guided, ungugided and wireless, common network protocols like TCP/IP and OSI model, applications of the internet like email, blogs, domain names and IP addresses, and search engines.
This document provides an overview of different types of telecommunication networks including telephone networks, computer networks, broadcast networks, cellular networks, and more. It describes key elements of networks such as nodes, links, and transmission of information. For telephone networks, it discusses circuit switching and how digitalization has allowed networks to support digitally multiplexed voice and data. Computer networks are described as packet switched and able to carry a wide range of traffic from low to extremely high bit rates. Broadcast networks are defined as simplex receive-only networks to disseminate audio and video information to many users.
This document provides information about computer networks and networking concepts. It defines what a computer network is and some examples. It then discusses different types of networks including LAN, MAN, and WAN. It also covers topics like clients, servers, network devices, transmission media, protocols, and network topologies. The key points covered include the purpose of computer networks to share resources, examples of networks like the Internet, and definitions of fundamental networking components and concepts.
PAN -Personal Area Network – Linking local devices e,g, PC to printer. LAN – Local Area network- links devices in an office or offices. MAN – Metropolitan Area network – links devices across multiple buildings like a campus. WAN – Wide area network – links devices across a country/countries.
The document discusses computer networks and network types. It defines a computer network as a set of connected nodes like computers and devices that share resources for communication purposes. Networks allow file sharing, information sharing, and use of shared hardware/software. The document then discusses different types of networks including wired networks using technologies like Ethernet, and wireless networks using technologies like infrared, radio waves, microwave, and satellite communication. It also discusses network devices, switching techniques, and data communication terminologies.
This document discusses blood collection methods. It describes the three main types of blood collection: venous, capillary, and arterial. Venous blood collection is the most common, involving puncturing a vein with a needle and collecting blood into a tube or syringe. Capillary collection involves a small skin puncture to obtain a small blood sample, while arterial collection is rarely needed and involves puncturing an artery. The document outlines the equipment, procedures, and safety measures for performing venipuncture. It also discusses different types of blood collection tubes and their uses based on the additive used.
This PPT deals with the problems and solutions for sampling of large variables and relate, compare the observations with the exception of the population sample ie testing the difference between means of two samples, standard error of the difference between two standard deviations.
The document discusses several applications of genomics and bioinformatics across various fields such as medicine, agriculture, microbiology, and more. It describes how genomic studies of humans and model organisms are providing insights into disease mechanisms and treatments. Applications in agriculture include developing crops with improved traits like insect or drought resistance. Microbial genomics is explored for uses like bioremediation, alternative energy, and industrial applications. Bioinformatics tools aid research through literature retrieval and comparative genomics studies.
THIS POWERPOINT EXPLAINS ABOUT HYPOTHESIS AND ITS TYPES, ROLE OF HYPOTHESIS,TEST OF SIGNIFICANCE AND PROCEDURE FOR TESTING A HYPOTHESIS, TYPE I AND TYPE ii ERROR
Standard error is used in the place of deviation. it shows the variations among sample is correlate to sampling error. list of formula used for standard error for different statistics and applications of tests of significance in biological sciences
This PPt deals about bacterial photosynthesis, different types of photosynthetic bacteria, types of photosynthesis-OXygenic and anoxygenic , photosynthetic structures, photosynthetic pigments and also explain the light reactions and dark reactions.in dark reactions, in addition to Calvin cycle, bacteria has one more carbon dioxide fixation (Pyruvate reductase pathway)
Streptomycin is an antibiotic discovered in 1944 that is produced through fermentation of Streptomyces griseus bacteria. It is used to treat infections caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as tuberculosis. Production occurs over 3 phases, beginning with rapid bacterial growth and ending with cell lysis and harvest. Streptomycin is recovered through adsorption onto activated carbon or ion exchange resins before precipitation and purification. It functions by binding to the bacterial ribosome and inhibiting protein synthesis.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
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2. Introduction
People need to exchange data and
information electronically with one another
A good communication system is a must of
every organization
Organizations depend on interconnected
networks of computers to service their
information processing needs.
We live in a networked or connected world
3. What is Network?
A network is a group of two or more
computer systems connected
together, and they can communicate
and share resources (e.g.
information)
4. Overview of networks
A communications Network is any arrangement
where a sender transmuting message to a
receiver over a channel consisting of some type
of medium.
Network consists of five basic components:
Terminals
Tele Communication processors
Telecommunications channels and media
Computer
Telecommunication software
5. Terminal
A terminal is an electronic communication
hardware device that handles the input and
display of data.
Terminals include video display terminals and
other user workstations input and out device that
uses a network to transmit or receive data is
terminal end includes micro computers,
telephones, fax machines etc.
6. Telecommunication
processors
Telecommunication processors which support data
transmission and reception between the terminals
and computers.
Processors perform a variety of control and support
functions in a telecommunication network.
The functions of processors include converting data
from digital to analog and back, coding and decoding
of data, and controlling various activities like speed,
accuracy, and efficiency of the communications flow
between the computers and the terminals.
Examples of telecommunication processors are
modems, multiplexers, and internetworked
processors like switches, routers, and hubs.
These processors perform a variety of support
functions between the computers and other devices
in a telecommunications network.
7. Telecommunications
channels and media
The media over which data are
transmitted and received are called
telecommunication channels
Telecommunication channels use
combinations of media such as copper
wires, coaxial cables , fiber optic
cables, microwave systems and
communication satellite systems to
interconnect the other components of a
network
8. Computer
Networks interconnect computer of all
sizes and types so that they can carry
out the information processing
assignments.
For example, a mainframe computer
may serves a host computer for a large
organization's network, assisted by
minicomputers acting as network
servers for smaller networks of end user
microcomputer workstations.
9. Telecommunication software
It consists of programs that reside in
host computer systems, communication
control computers and end user
computers.
This controls telecommunication
activities of the computer systems and
manage the function of networks.
11. Communication processors
Communication processors resemble
computer CPUs in that they have similar
circuits have memories and can be
programmed , but their purpose is limited
to enable data communications between
two points.
Communication processors include the
following: modems, message switchers,
multiplexers, concentrators and
controllers, front end processors
12. Modem
Modems are the most common type of communication
processors
Modem stands for Modulator and demodulator
They convert the digital signals(binary code) from a
computer or transmission terminal at one end of a
communications link into analog signals, which can be
transmitted over ordinary telephone lines.
Modulation is the conversion of data from binary to
analog
A Modem at the other end of the communications line
converts the transmitted data back into digital forms at
the receiving terminal.
The process is known as modulation and
demodulation
The word modem is a combined abbreviation of those
13. Modems are necessary because ordinary
telephone lines are primarily designed to handle
continuous analog signals such as the human
voice.
Since data transmissions from computers are in
digital form , devices are necessary to convert
digital signals into appropriate analog
transmission frequencies and vice versa.
15. Communication media
• Channels also called
communication lines or links
are the means by which data
is transmitted between the
sending and receiving
devices in a network.
• A channel makes use of a
variety media
• These include twisted pair
wire , coaxial cables and fiber
optic cables all of which
physically link the devices in a
network.
• Also included are microwave
systems, communications
satellite systems and cellular
radio, all of which use
microwave and other radio
waves to transmit and receive
data
16. Communication media-Twisted
pair
This is the oldest and still most
common transmission line and
consists of copper wires twisted
into pairs.
These lines are used in
established communications
networks throughout the world for
both voice and data transmission
17. Communication media –Coaxial cable
• Coaxial cable consists of a copper or
aluminum are wrapped with spacers to
insulate and protect it.
• The insulation minimize the interference
and distortion of the signals the cable
carries.
• Groups of coaxial cables may be bundled
together in a big cable for ease of
installation
• These high quality lines can be placed
underground and laid on the floors of
lakes and oceans.
• They allow high speed data transmission
18. Communication media- Fiber
optic cables
Fiber optics use cables consisting of
one or more hair thin filaments of
glass fiber wrapped in a protective
jacket.
They can conduct light pulses
generated by lasers at transmission
rates as high as 2 billion bits per
second.
This is about ten times greater than
coaxial cables and 200times better
than twisted pair wires.
Fiber optic cables provide substantial
size and weight reduction as well as
increased speed and greater
19. Communication media- Fiber optic cables
• A half - inch diameter fiber optic cable
can carry up to 50,000 channels,
compared to about 5500 channels for a
standard coaxial cable.
• Fiber optic cables are not affected by
and do not generate electromagnetic
radiation; therefore multiple fibers can
be placed in the same cable.
• Fiber optic cables have a minimal need
for repeaters for signal transmissions,
unlike electrical wire media.
• Fiber optics also has a much lowered
error rate than other media.
20. Different types of network cables
Twisted
pair wire
Coaxial cable
Fiber optic wire
21. Communication satellites
Communications satellites in space orbiting 22000
miles above the earth, are also used as
microwave relay stations, because they rotate at
the precise point and speed above the equator
that makes them appear stationary to microwave
transmitters on the ground.
Among the dozens of satellites now orbiting the
earth and handling voice, video and media
communications are those launched by
INTELSAT, short for international
telecommunications satellite Consortium.
INTELSAT began with the early Bird satellite in
1965 and now form a world wide communications
system for over 100 countries. It accounts for most
22. Telecommunication software
Software is a virtual component of all telecommunications
networks.
Communications control software includes programs stored
in the host computer as well as programs in the front –
end computers and other communications processors.
This software controls and supports the communications
occurring in a telecommunications network.
Telecommunications software packages for large computer
networks are frequently called telecommunication
monitors or teleprocessing (TP) monitors.
Local area networks (LANs) rely on software called network
operating systems.
Many communications software packages are also
available for microcomputers.
23. Functions of telecommunication software
Telecommunication software packages provide a variety
of communications support services.
The number and type of terminals, computers,
communication processors and communications activities
involved determine the capabilities of the programs
required.
The telecommunications software provides several major
functions such as:
Access control
Transmission control
Network control
Error control
Security control
24. Access Control
This function establishes the connections
between terminals and computers in a network.
The software works with a communication
processor (such as a modem) to connect and
disconnect communications links and establish
parameters such as transmission speed, mode
and direction.
The function may also involve automatic
telephone dialing and redialing, logging on and
off with appropriate account number and security
code and automatic answering of telephone calls
from another computer.
25. Transmission control
This function allows computers and terminals to
send and receive commands, messages, data
programs.
Some error checking and correction of data
transmissions may also be provided.
Data and programs are usually transmitted in the
form of files, so this activity is frequently called file
transfer
26. Network control
This function manages communications in a
network.
Software determines transmission priorities, route
message, polls terminals in the network and
forms waiting lines (queues) of transmission
requests.
It also logs statistics of network activity and
resource usage and detects and corrects errors.
27. Error control
Error control involves detection and correction of
transmission errors
Errors are usually caused by distortions in the
communications channel, such as lack of noise and
power surges.
Communications software and processors control errors
in transmission by several methods including parity
checking.
Additional control codes are usually added to the
message itself.
These specify surfing information as the destination of
the data, their priority and the beginning and end of the
message, plus additional error detecting information
Most error correction methods involve retransmissions.
A signal is sent back to the computer or terminal to
28. Security control
Security control protects a communications network from
unauthorized access.
Access control software and other types of programs
restrict access to data and the computing resources in
the network
This restriction usually involves control procedures that
limit access to all or part of a network by various
categories of users.
Automatic disconnection and callback procedures may
also be used.
Data transmissions can also be protected by coding
techniques called encryption.
Data is scrambled into a coded form before transmission
and decoded upon arrival