This slide show us to what is computer why we use in daily life . the role of computer in our life , radiotherapy, calculating etc. the computer is the 2nd invention of history
The document discusses the basics of computers, including their components, functions, and types of software. It defines key computer terms and explains input/output devices, storage media, and the differences between system and application software. The document also provides guidance on purchasing a personal computer, such as factors to consider when buying a desktop, laptop, tablet, or mobile device to meet individual needs.
This chapter introduces computers and their role in modern society. It discusses how computers have become integrated into business and personal lives. The chapter defines what a computer is and describes its basic operations of input, processing, output, storage, and communication. It provides an overview of the history and evolution of computers and identifies the six basic types: embedded systems, mobile devices, personal computers, servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. The chapter also discusses computer hardware, software, and how networks and the internet function at a high level.
This document discusses PC hardware related to imaging and sound devices. It covers scanner and digital camera technology, how to install and troubleshoot these devices. It also discusses sound technology including sound cards, speakers and configuring sound in Windows. Topics include selecting devices based on features, installing hardware and troubleshooting common issues.
This chapter discusses input and output devices used with computers. It describes keyboards, pointing devices like mice and touchscreens, as well as scanners, readers, digital cameras, and audio input devices. Display devices and their technologies like LCDs and OLEDs are covered. Printers and audio output are also mentioned. The chapter provides details on the purpose and common types of various input and output hardware used with computers.
While a lot is been speculated in the domain of IoT and Artificial Intelligence but CRM will continue to evolve and play a significant and imperative role in the domain of business. The coming year promises new opportunities as well as new competitive threats so you need to be armored to face it in the best possible way. A
This document provides an overview of computer fundamentals, including definitions of key concepts like hardware, software, input/output, storage, and processing. It describes the basic components of a computer system, including the central processing unit and various input/output and storage devices. It also categorizes types of computers based on working principles, size, and brand.
Handout used for Introduction to Computers class at the Westerville Public Library. Provides an introduction to the different hardware and software parts of a computer as well as functions such as using the mouse, navigating between windows, etc. (Information based on Microsoft Windows XP Professional operating system.)
The document provides an overview of the history and development of computers from ancient times to modern generations. It discusses early calculating devices like the abacus and early mechanical computers in the 16th-18th centuries. The first general-purpose digital computers were developed in the 1940s, using vacuum tubes. Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in the 1950s. Integrated circuits led to smaller, more powerful computers starting in the 1960s. Modern computers are based on microprocessors and digital logic. The document also covers the evolution of computer languages from low-level machine code to modern high-level languages.
The document discusses the basics of computers, including their components, functions, and types of software. It defines key computer terms and explains input/output devices, storage media, and the differences between system and application software. The document also provides guidance on purchasing a personal computer, such as factors to consider when buying a desktop, laptop, tablet, or mobile device to meet individual needs.
This chapter introduces computers and their role in modern society. It discusses how computers have become integrated into business and personal lives. The chapter defines what a computer is and describes its basic operations of input, processing, output, storage, and communication. It provides an overview of the history and evolution of computers and identifies the six basic types: embedded systems, mobile devices, personal computers, servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. The chapter also discusses computer hardware, software, and how networks and the internet function at a high level.
This document discusses PC hardware related to imaging and sound devices. It covers scanner and digital camera technology, how to install and troubleshoot these devices. It also discusses sound technology including sound cards, speakers and configuring sound in Windows. Topics include selecting devices based on features, installing hardware and troubleshooting common issues.
This chapter discusses input and output devices used with computers. It describes keyboards, pointing devices like mice and touchscreens, as well as scanners, readers, digital cameras, and audio input devices. Display devices and their technologies like LCDs and OLEDs are covered. Printers and audio output are also mentioned. The chapter provides details on the purpose and common types of various input and output hardware used with computers.
While a lot is been speculated in the domain of IoT and Artificial Intelligence but CRM will continue to evolve and play a significant and imperative role in the domain of business. The coming year promises new opportunities as well as new competitive threats so you need to be armored to face it in the best possible way. A
This document provides an overview of computer fundamentals, including definitions of key concepts like hardware, software, input/output, storage, and processing. It describes the basic components of a computer system, including the central processing unit and various input/output and storage devices. It also categorizes types of computers based on working principles, size, and brand.
Handout used for Introduction to Computers class at the Westerville Public Library. Provides an introduction to the different hardware and software parts of a computer as well as functions such as using the mouse, navigating between windows, etc. (Information based on Microsoft Windows XP Professional operating system.)
The document provides an overview of the history and development of computers from ancient times to modern generations. It discusses early calculating devices like the abacus and early mechanical computers in the 16th-18th centuries. The first general-purpose digital computers were developed in the 1940s, using vacuum tubes. Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in the 1950s. Integrated circuits led to smaller, more powerful computers starting in the 1960s. Modern computers are based on microprocessors and digital logic. The document also covers the evolution of computer languages from low-level machine code to modern high-level languages.
The document discusses different types of computers and their components. It begins by defining a computer as an electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data. It then explains that computers have two basic parts: hardware, the physical structure, and software, a set of instructions.
It goes on to describe different types of computers including desktop computers for regular use at home or work, laptop computers which are portable, server computers which manage network resources, and tablet computers which use a touchscreen instead of keyboard. It also distinguishes between PCs, which most commonly use Windows, and Macs, which are made by Apple and use their Mac OS. The document concludes by covering the five generations of computers from the first using vacuum
The document provides an overview of the main components of a computer system, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, and input/output ports. It describes the CPU, its components like the control unit and arithmetic logic unit. It discusses different types of memory like RAM, ROM, and video memory. Storage devices covered include hard disks, CDs, DVDs, USB drives, and network drives. Input/output ports allow connection of devices via USB, serial, parallel, network, and FireWire ports. Factors affecting computer performance such as CPU speed, RAM size, and number of applications running are also summarized.
The document provides an overview of the Internet by defining it as a network of networks that connects computers worldwide and allows for communication through services like email, file transfers, and the World Wide Web. It then gives a brief history of the ARPANET project in the late 1960s and early 1970s that paved the way for the Internet. It also explains some key technical aspects like TCP/IP protocols, IP addresses, domain names, and DNS. Finally, it outlines several popular Internet services and applications.
This document provides an introduction to computers including what a computer is, what it can do, its capabilities and limitations. It describes the basic parts of a computer system including hardware, software, data and users. It discusses the central processing unit, memory, input devices like keyboards and mice, output devices like monitors and printers, and storage devices like hard disks and floppy disks. It also provides an overview of computer software including operating systems and common application software like word processing, spreadsheets, presentations and databases.
This document provides a 10-lesson introduction to computers. [Lesson 1 defines computers and their basic components and common uses. Lesson 2 discusses computer hardware, including the monitor, tower, keyboard, mouse and other peripherals. Lesson 3 demonstrates computer ports and buttons.] The remaining lessons cover operating systems, software, internet connectivity, online safety, cloud computing, mobile devices and cleaning computers. The document aims to build basic understanding of computers for new users.
FUNDAMENTAL INFORMATION ABOUT COMPUTER Ohida Mollick
A computer is a programmable machine that accepts data as input, processes that data, and produces output based on programmed instructions. It consists of both hardware and software components. The hardware includes physical parts like the central processing unit, monitor, keyboard, mouse, and other devices. The software includes operating systems and programs. A computer network connects multiple computers together to allow sharing of resources and communication between users.
The document discusses key points from a lecture and chapter on computers and information systems. It covers the basic components and functions of a computer including hardware, software, input/output devices, storage, and how computers process information. The document also discusses different types of computer systems, applications, and how computers have impacted society.
This document provides an overview of chapter 1 from the 15th edition of the textbook "Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow". It introduces computers by explaining their basic components and operations. It discusses the evolution of computers from the earliest mechanical devices to modern systems. It also describes the different types of computers, from embedded systems to supercomputers. Finally, it introduces computer networks and the Internet, explaining how computers connect and how users access the World Wide Web.
This document provides an introduction to computers by defining what a computer is, listing the types and components of computers, describing basic software and operating systems, and how to turn a computer on and off and use a mouse. A computer processes input data based on instructions from software to produce output. Types include desktops, laptops, notebooks, PDAs and tablets. Components are the CPU, drives, RAM, ports, printer, monitor and scanners. Software includes games, documents and multimedia. Operating systems run basic computer operations and come pre-installed. Users turn computers on by pressing the power button and off through menus or keyboard shortcuts. Mice are used through left and right clicking.
Hardware For Creating And Displaying Multimedia!Tom.B
This document discusses hardware for creating and displaying multimedia. It identifies video cameras, digital cameras, and microphones as input devices for capturing video, images, and sound, respectively. It then discusses screens, projection devices, and speakers as hardware for displaying captured media, with screens providing immediate feedback and projection devices projecting the computer screen onto a larger display. Head-up displays are also mentioned as devices for wearing and viewing virtual reality information. The document credits Thomas Boyes Production and the Information Processes and Technology HSC Course Book.
This document provides an overview of essential computer concepts, including:
- The components of a basic computer system including hardware, software, data representation, processing hardware, memory, and storage.
- Different types of computers, input/output devices, and storage media.
- Concepts of networks, telecommunications, internet, security threats, system software, and application software.
- The purpose is to compare computer types, examine their components, and describe key concepts related to data, hardware, software and connectivity.
The document provides information about basic computer hardware components. It begins by defining hardware as the physical parts of a computer and then lists common hardware components such as the motherboard, CPU, RAM, power supply, storage devices, and peripherals. It provides details on these "class 1", "class 2", and "class 3" components including what each component is, its function, and examples. The document also discusses different types of software, operating system features, microprocessor features, and types of application software.
This document discusses how computers represent and process data. It explains that computers use binary numbering systems rather than decimal. Data is stored in bits and bytes, and text is converted to codes like ASCII. The CPU processes data through cycles and uses components like registers, memory, and caches. Processing speed depends on factors such as the CPU clock speed, number of registers, cache size, and bus width. Different types of ports and buses are used to extend the processor's capabilities.
This document provides an overview of computers including their history and components. It discusses early calculating devices like the abacus and mechanical calculators. The first electronic calculator was created in the 1960s building on these predecessors. The document outlines the development of different types of computers from desktops to laptops, tablets, and smartphones. It describes the typical hardware components of computers and how they work together. The document concludes with examples of common software applications used on computers.
The document defines a computer as an electronic device that accepts data as input, processes it, and produces output according to stored instructions. It describes the basic components of a computer including input devices, output devices, the system unit, motherboard components like the CPU and memory, and storage devices like hard disks, floppy disks, and CDs. The document also discusses what makes computers powerful, how software is installed and run, types of software like operating systems and applications, and the roles of programmers and data representation and storage.
This document discusses software systems and applications. It defines systems software as programs that coordinate hardware and support application programs. Application software helps users solve problems. There are three approaches to developing applications: build proprietary software, buy off-the-shelf programs, or customize existing programs. The document outlines operating systems, programming languages, and trends like software bugs and licensing issues.
A computer is an electronic device that can perform different operations according to instructions called programs. It shows output in soft copy and hard copy forms. The CPU controls the operation of the computer's hardware and software. The CPU is divided into five basic units - input, storage, processing, output, and controlling. Common computer components include the CPU, keyboard, mouse, monitor, and software. RAM is volatile memory that is used for temporary storage while a computer is on, and ROM is non-volatile memory that retains data even when a computer is turned off. Common types of RAM include DRAM and SRAM, while common types of ROM include PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM.
This document provides an introduction to basic computer concepts. It discusses what a computer is and its main components, including the central processing unit, memory, storage, input/output devices, and software. It defines key terms like hardware, operating systems, applications and describes different types of computers. The document is intended as a starting point that will be expanded on in later chapters to provide more technical details about computer systems and technology.
A computer is an electromechanical device that can be programmed to process information. It has hardware components like a central processing unit (CPU), memory (RAM and ROM), storage devices, and input/output devices. Software includes operating systems and applications. Early mainframe computers were large, expensive machines for businesses, while microcomputers evolved into personal computers for individual use.
The document discusses operating systems and their functions. It defines an operating system as software that controls the overall operation of a computer system, including managing hardware, providing security, and interfacing with applications. The key functions of an operating system are: (1) managing and interacting with computer hardware, (2) providing and managing system security, (3) providing the system interface, and (4) providing the interface for application software. Examples are given of different operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, and Linux and how they have evolved over time.
The document discusses different types of computers and their components. It begins by defining a computer as an electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data. It then explains that computers have two basic parts: hardware, the physical structure, and software, a set of instructions.
It goes on to describe different types of computers including desktop computers for regular use at home or work, laptop computers which are portable, server computers which manage network resources, and tablet computers which use a touchscreen instead of keyboard. It also distinguishes between PCs, which most commonly use Windows, and Macs, which are made by Apple and use their Mac OS. The document concludes by covering the five generations of computers from the first using vacuum
The document provides an overview of the main components of a computer system, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, and input/output ports. It describes the CPU, its components like the control unit and arithmetic logic unit. It discusses different types of memory like RAM, ROM, and video memory. Storage devices covered include hard disks, CDs, DVDs, USB drives, and network drives. Input/output ports allow connection of devices via USB, serial, parallel, network, and FireWire ports. Factors affecting computer performance such as CPU speed, RAM size, and number of applications running are also summarized.
The document provides an overview of the Internet by defining it as a network of networks that connects computers worldwide and allows for communication through services like email, file transfers, and the World Wide Web. It then gives a brief history of the ARPANET project in the late 1960s and early 1970s that paved the way for the Internet. It also explains some key technical aspects like TCP/IP protocols, IP addresses, domain names, and DNS. Finally, it outlines several popular Internet services and applications.
This document provides an introduction to computers including what a computer is, what it can do, its capabilities and limitations. It describes the basic parts of a computer system including hardware, software, data and users. It discusses the central processing unit, memory, input devices like keyboards and mice, output devices like monitors and printers, and storage devices like hard disks and floppy disks. It also provides an overview of computer software including operating systems and common application software like word processing, spreadsheets, presentations and databases.
This document provides a 10-lesson introduction to computers. [Lesson 1 defines computers and their basic components and common uses. Lesson 2 discusses computer hardware, including the monitor, tower, keyboard, mouse and other peripherals. Lesson 3 demonstrates computer ports and buttons.] The remaining lessons cover operating systems, software, internet connectivity, online safety, cloud computing, mobile devices and cleaning computers. The document aims to build basic understanding of computers for new users.
FUNDAMENTAL INFORMATION ABOUT COMPUTER Ohida Mollick
A computer is a programmable machine that accepts data as input, processes that data, and produces output based on programmed instructions. It consists of both hardware and software components. The hardware includes physical parts like the central processing unit, monitor, keyboard, mouse, and other devices. The software includes operating systems and programs. A computer network connects multiple computers together to allow sharing of resources and communication between users.
The document discusses key points from a lecture and chapter on computers and information systems. It covers the basic components and functions of a computer including hardware, software, input/output devices, storage, and how computers process information. The document also discusses different types of computer systems, applications, and how computers have impacted society.
This document provides an overview of chapter 1 from the 15th edition of the textbook "Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow". It introduces computers by explaining their basic components and operations. It discusses the evolution of computers from the earliest mechanical devices to modern systems. It also describes the different types of computers, from embedded systems to supercomputers. Finally, it introduces computer networks and the Internet, explaining how computers connect and how users access the World Wide Web.
This document provides an introduction to computers by defining what a computer is, listing the types and components of computers, describing basic software and operating systems, and how to turn a computer on and off and use a mouse. A computer processes input data based on instructions from software to produce output. Types include desktops, laptops, notebooks, PDAs and tablets. Components are the CPU, drives, RAM, ports, printer, monitor and scanners. Software includes games, documents and multimedia. Operating systems run basic computer operations and come pre-installed. Users turn computers on by pressing the power button and off through menus or keyboard shortcuts. Mice are used through left and right clicking.
Hardware For Creating And Displaying Multimedia!Tom.B
This document discusses hardware for creating and displaying multimedia. It identifies video cameras, digital cameras, and microphones as input devices for capturing video, images, and sound, respectively. It then discusses screens, projection devices, and speakers as hardware for displaying captured media, with screens providing immediate feedback and projection devices projecting the computer screen onto a larger display. Head-up displays are also mentioned as devices for wearing and viewing virtual reality information. The document credits Thomas Boyes Production and the Information Processes and Technology HSC Course Book.
This document provides an overview of essential computer concepts, including:
- The components of a basic computer system including hardware, software, data representation, processing hardware, memory, and storage.
- Different types of computers, input/output devices, and storage media.
- Concepts of networks, telecommunications, internet, security threats, system software, and application software.
- The purpose is to compare computer types, examine their components, and describe key concepts related to data, hardware, software and connectivity.
The document provides information about basic computer hardware components. It begins by defining hardware as the physical parts of a computer and then lists common hardware components such as the motherboard, CPU, RAM, power supply, storage devices, and peripherals. It provides details on these "class 1", "class 2", and "class 3" components including what each component is, its function, and examples. The document also discusses different types of software, operating system features, microprocessor features, and types of application software.
This document discusses how computers represent and process data. It explains that computers use binary numbering systems rather than decimal. Data is stored in bits and bytes, and text is converted to codes like ASCII. The CPU processes data through cycles and uses components like registers, memory, and caches. Processing speed depends on factors such as the CPU clock speed, number of registers, cache size, and bus width. Different types of ports and buses are used to extend the processor's capabilities.
This document provides an overview of computers including their history and components. It discusses early calculating devices like the abacus and mechanical calculators. The first electronic calculator was created in the 1960s building on these predecessors. The document outlines the development of different types of computers from desktops to laptops, tablets, and smartphones. It describes the typical hardware components of computers and how they work together. The document concludes with examples of common software applications used on computers.
The document defines a computer as an electronic device that accepts data as input, processes it, and produces output according to stored instructions. It describes the basic components of a computer including input devices, output devices, the system unit, motherboard components like the CPU and memory, and storage devices like hard disks, floppy disks, and CDs. The document also discusses what makes computers powerful, how software is installed and run, types of software like operating systems and applications, and the roles of programmers and data representation and storage.
This document discusses software systems and applications. It defines systems software as programs that coordinate hardware and support application programs. Application software helps users solve problems. There are three approaches to developing applications: build proprietary software, buy off-the-shelf programs, or customize existing programs. The document outlines operating systems, programming languages, and trends like software bugs and licensing issues.
A computer is an electronic device that can perform different operations according to instructions called programs. It shows output in soft copy and hard copy forms. The CPU controls the operation of the computer's hardware and software. The CPU is divided into five basic units - input, storage, processing, output, and controlling. Common computer components include the CPU, keyboard, mouse, monitor, and software. RAM is volatile memory that is used for temporary storage while a computer is on, and ROM is non-volatile memory that retains data even when a computer is turned off. Common types of RAM include DRAM and SRAM, while common types of ROM include PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM.
This document provides an introduction to basic computer concepts. It discusses what a computer is and its main components, including the central processing unit, memory, storage, input/output devices, and software. It defines key terms like hardware, operating systems, applications and describes different types of computers. The document is intended as a starting point that will be expanded on in later chapters to provide more technical details about computer systems and technology.
A computer is an electromechanical device that can be programmed to process information. It has hardware components like a central processing unit (CPU), memory (RAM and ROM), storage devices, and input/output devices. Software includes operating systems and applications. Early mainframe computers were large, expensive machines for businesses, while microcomputers evolved into personal computers for individual use.
The document discusses operating systems and their functions. It defines an operating system as software that controls the overall operation of a computer system, including managing hardware, providing security, and interfacing with applications. The key functions of an operating system are: (1) managing and interacting with computer hardware, (2) providing and managing system security, (3) providing the system interface, and (4) providing the interface for application software. Examples are given of different operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, and Linux and how they have evolved over time.
The document discusses operating systems and their functions. It defines an operating system as software that controls the overall operation of a computer. The key points made are:
- An operating system manages hardware resources like the CPU, RAM and I/O devices. It also provides security and interfaces for both users and application software.
- Core operating system components include the kernel which controls basic system functions, and processes which allocate CPU time between running programs.
- Operating systems have evolved from early batch processing models to today's graphical, multi-tasking systems that support time-sharing across networks.
The document discusses operating systems and their functions. It defines an operating system as software that controls the overall operation of a computer. It manages hardware components like the CPU, RAM and storage devices. It also provides security, handles multitasking of processes, and provides interfaces for both users and application software to interact with the computer's hardware. The roles of operating systems have evolved from early batch processing to today's graphical user interfaces and multi-processor capabilities.
1. A computer is an electronic device that can accept data as input, process the data according to instructions, produce output, and store information for future use. It carries out five main functions: taking input, storing data and instructions, processing data, generating output, and controlling the other functions.
2. A computer has both hardware and software components. The hardware includes physical parts like the central processing unit (CPU), memory, and input/output devices. Software includes computer programs and instructions that tell the hardware how to function.
3. The CPU contains the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) for calculations and the control unit for coordinating operations. Memory comes in primary forms like RAM and ROM that temporarily and
This document provides an overview of computer basics, including:
- A computer is an electronic device that can store, process, and retrieve data, and can be programmed with instructions. It has both hardware and software components.
- Hardware refers to physical parts like the system unit, monitor, keyboard, and mouse. Software includes operating systems and applications that run on the hardware.
- Computers come in various sizes, from mini/mainframe computers for large organizations to personal computers for individual use.
- Key hardware components include the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, input/output devices, and accessories like modems. Software includes operating systems and applications.
- Computers are
The document provides an overview of a course on computer hardware and networking. The course objectives are to understand computer components, peripherals, and networking systems. It will cover selecting, installing, and maintaining hardware and networking equipment, as well as identifying hardware versus software problems. The document outlines concepts like motherboards, chipsets, CPUs, memory, and input/output devices. It also discusses computer types, operations, and basic components.
This document provides an overview of computer systems and components. It discusses the basic structure of computers including the central processing unit, motherboard, power supply, and case. It describes common computer peripherals such as mice, keyboards, monitors, printers, and storage devices. It explains the different types of computer memory including RAM, ROM, and secondary storage. It also covers topics like system configuration, BIOS, common PC connection interfaces, hard disk drives, solid state drives, processors, and threads. The document is serving as an introductory guide to understanding basic computer hardware and components.
This chapter discusses the components inside the system unit of a computer, including the CPU, memory, buses, expansion cards, and ports. It explains how data and programs are represented digitally so they can be processed. The CPU fetches and decodes instructions, which are then executed via the arithmetic logic unit and control unit. Methods for improving computer speed today include adding memory, upgrading hardware, and reducing clutter. Future technologies that may enhance computers involve nanotechnology, quantum computing, and more powerful multicore processors.
Computers are electronic devices that can accept input, process it, and produce output. They are made up of hardware and software. Hardware refers to the physical parts of the computer like the CPU and memory. Software includes operating systems and application programs. A computer virus is a program designed to damage other programs. Antivirus software can help detect and remove viruses to protect computers.
This document provides an overview of computer output devices, secondary storage devices, and parts that make up a computer system unit. It discusses monitors, printers, speakers, floppy disks, hard disks, CDs/DVDs, solid state storage, the casing, power supply, motherboard, microprocessor, and expansion slots. It describes impact and non-impact printers, dot matrix, inkjet, and laser printers. It also outlines the parts of a power supply and functions of the motherboard.
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Chapter 2 - The Sys...yaminohime
Objectives
- Understand how data and programs are represented to a computer and be able to identify a few of the coding systems used to accomplish this.
- Explain the functions of the hardware components commonly found inside the system unit, such as the CPU, memory, buses, and expansion cards.
- Describe how new peripheral devices or other hardware can be added to a computer.
- Understand how the computer system’s CPU and memory components process program instructions and data.
- Name and evaluate several strategies that can be used today for speeding up the operations of a computer.
- List some technologies that may be used in the future computers.
The document discusses the key components of computer hardware. It describes the differences between hardware and software, with hardware being the physical parts that can be touched, and software being the logical instructions. The main components of a computer system are then outlined as the input, output, memory, CPU, and secondary storage units. Several types of computers are also defined based on size, including microcomputers, mainframes, supercomputers, mini computers, and embedded systems. Common examples are provided for each type along with their typical uses. Memory and storage technologies like RAM, ROM, cache, hard disks, optical disks, and USB drives are further explained.
The document provides an overview of computer applications, including:
- A brief history of computers from the abacus to modern PCs.
- The four main components of a computer system: hardware, software, data, and users. Hardware includes the central processing unit and other internal/external components.
- Examples of different types of computers like desktops, laptops, and tablets. The document also discusses stand-alone vs. networked computers.
- Common computer applications like word processing, spreadsheets, graphics/presentations, and web browsers. It also introduces the Windows XP operating system and desktop interface.
The document provides an overview of the major hardware components of a computer system, including the central processing unit (CPU), auxiliary storage, input devices, and output devices. It describes the functions of the CPU's arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and control unit. It also discusses the motherboard, main memory technologies like RAM and ROM, expansion slots, input/output ports, storage devices, and other key components inside the system unit.
Computer-Basics for B.ed Second Year.pptxkplkumar981
This document provides an overview of computer basics, including:
1) It defines a computer as an electronic device that can store, process, and retrieve data, and be programmed with instructions. Computers have both hardware and software components.
2) Hardware refers to physical components like the system unit, monitor, keyboard, etc. Software includes operating systems and applications that make the computer work.
3) There are different types of computers ranging from mini/mainframe computers for large organizations to personal computers for individual use.
4) Key hardware components include input devices, output devices, storage, memory, microprocessors, and various components that impact performance.
5) Software includes operating systems and applications like
1) The document discusses the basics of computer systems, including the four main parts: hardware, software, data, and users. It describes the components and functions of computer hardware, software, and how they work together in the information processing cycle.
2) Key hardware components include processors, memory, input/output and storage devices. Common software types are system software like operating systems and applications.
3) The information processing cycle involves inputting data, processing it, outputting results and storage, with the goal of converting data into useful information.
Neethu Narayanan- Fundamentals of computer19940213
The document provides an overview of computers, including their definition, history, components, and uses. It defines a computer as an electronic device that processes data, and notes they can perform calculations millions of times faster than humans. The document also describes the basic components of a computer system, including hardware (physical devices) and software (programs). It explains the functions of central processing units, memory, input/output devices, and storage. Finally, it discusses the capabilities of computers in data storage, processing, and input/output.
Chinese is considered one of the most difficult languages in the world to learn due to its tonal nature, unique writing system with thousands of characters, and differences from languages like English in grammar and pronunciation. The document lists four names but does not provide any other context around them.
Functions are blocks of code that perform specific tasks in C programs. There are two types of functions - standard functions that are predefined like main(), printf(), scanf(), and user-defined functions created by the programmer. Functions can take parameters, return values, or do both. Functions can be called by value, where the value of an argument is passed, or by reference, where the address of an argument is passed, allowing the function to modify the original variable. Functions improve modularity, reusability, and code organization in C programs.
The document discusses time management and how to use time effectively. It defines time management as planning and controlling the time spent on activities. It recommends setting goals, prioritizing tasks, learning to delegate, making small schedule changes, setting deadlines, avoiding multitasking, and scheduling your day ahead to manage time well. The purpose of time management is to save time, reduce stress, have more control over responsibilities, and get more done.
Memory involves three main processes - encoding, storage, and retrieval. There are two main types of memory - explicit memory which we are consciously aware of, and implicit memory which is unconscious. The Atkinson-Shiffrin model describes memory as having three stages - sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Information is encoded and either maintained briefly in sensory memory or transferred to short-term memory through rehearsal before being consolidated into long-term memory. Factors like decay, interference, and insufficient cues can lead to forgetting over time.
Motivation refers to factors that energize and direct behavior. There are four main components in the model of motivation: needs, drives, incentives, and goals. Needs are internal deficiencies that create tension and lead to drives, which motivate behavior to reduce discomfort. Incentives are external stimuli that pull behavior toward rewards. The goal is to reduce tension by meeting needs. There are intrinsic motivations from enjoyment of an activity and extrinsic motivations from external rewards. Motives include primary biological needs for survival and secondary learned needs from social interaction.
This document provides an introduction to the field of psychology. It discusses what psychology is, which is defined as the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. It also outlines the main goals of psychology, which are to describe, explain, predict, and control or change behavior. Several major schools of thought in psychology are then introduced, including structuralism, functionalism, psychoanalysis, Gestalt psychology, and behaviorism. The document concludes by defining what research is in psychology and noting it involves systematically investigating topics to gain new knowledge.
The document discusses the seven C's of effective communication:
1) Completeness - Provide all relevant information for understanding. Answer the 5W1H questions.
2) Conciseness - Be brief and avoid unnecessary words.
3) Consideration - Understand the receiver's perspective and show how they will benefit.
4) Concreteness - Use specific examples, facts, and figures instead of vague language.
5) Clarity - Choose simple words and constructs and place the main idea up front.
6) Courtesy - Be respectful and avoid blunt statements.
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Sensation and Perception involves three main concepts:
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2) Psychophysics studies the relationship between the physical aspects of stimuli and our psychological experiences of them, such as absolute and difference thresholds.
3) Gestalt principles help us organize visual scenes into meaningful wholes, including principles of closure, similarity, and proximity which influence our perceptions of objects and groupings.
This document discusses different data types in C++. It begins by defining data as a set of values related to variables, and data types as determining the type and operations that can be performed on data. It then covers the main points that:
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3) User-defined types must be declared before use, such as struct, union, class and enumerations.
The document provides examples and
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আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
computer basics
1. Computer Basics
CS 1 Introduction to Computers and Computer
Technology
Rick Graziani
Fall 2007
2. Rick Graziani graziani@cabrillo.edu 2
Only the basics, the details come later!
• This presentation discusses a variety of terms and topics, all of which
will be discussed in much greater detail in later chapters.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMnk7lh9M3o
3. Rick Graziani graziani@cabrillo.edu 3
No one knows it all and we never stop
learning!
• James Goldman, Purdue University
– “You will never know all there is know about computer technology.
– Be honest with yourself concerning what you don’t know.”
• Anonymous
– “The only ones that think they know it all, are the ones that know
very little.”
4. Rick Graziani graziani@cabrillo.edu 4
Terms and Acronyms
• To learn Information
Technology (IT) is to learn
the language of acronyms
and terms…
• WYSISYG (pronounced
WHIZ-zee-wig)
“What You See Is What You
Get”
GUI: Graphical User Interface
5. Rick Graziani graziani@cabrillo.edu 5
What is a computer?
• A computer is a electromechanical device which can be
programmed to change (process) information from one
form to another.
– Do exactly as they are told.
– Digital devices: Understand only two different states
(OFF and ON)
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Traditional Types of Computers
• General purpose computers
–Mainframe
–Minicomputer
–Microcomputer (Personal Computer)
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Traditional Types of Computers
• First computers, introduced in 1950s
• Used by large businesses
• Typically supported 100 to 500 users
• Very expensive
• Used for very large processing tasks
• Mainframe
Computers
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Traditional Types of Computers
• Typically supported 10 to 100 users
• Smaller and less expensive than mainframes
• The real difference is relative in terms of price, power,
marketing.
• Minicomputers
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Traditional Types of Computers
• Small, self-contained computers
with their own CPUs
• Used by home and business
users
• Uses a microprocessor, a CPU
(Central Processing Unit) on a
single chip.
• Microcomputers
(Personal
Computer or PC)
16. Rick Graziani graziani@cabrillo.edu 16
Portable Computer
• Desktop computers
• Laptop computers
• Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
• What are these types of
portable computers (a type
of personal computer)?
17. Rick Graziani graziani@cabrillo.edu 17
Networked computer
• Networked computer = Computers connected to other computers or
peripheral devices (printers, etc.) to share information.
• What is the difference between these two networked devices?
Intelligent terminal (computer) Dumb terminal
• No CPU (uses server’s)
• No Operating system (uses
server’s)
• Input and Output only
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Embedded Computers
• Embedded computers – Computers found in consumer
goods in order to enhance their function.
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Special Purpose Computers
• Special purpose or dedicated computers – A device with a
specific purpose such as game system or information
kiosk.
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Hardware versus Software
• Hardware = The
physical components
that make up a
computer system.
– More in a
moment…
• Much more on all of
these items in later
presentations!
21. Rick Graziani graziani@cabrillo.edu 21
Hardware versus Software
• Software = The
programs (instructions)
that tell the computer
what to do.
– System Software
– Application Software
– Stored on a storage
media such as hard
disk, CD-ROM, floppy
disk, tape, etc.
– More later…
25. Rick Graziani graziani@cabrillo.edu 25
The Processor
circuit board = a board with
integrated circuits
(microchips)
• system board or
motherboard
• interface boards or expansion
boards
system board or motherboard
= a single circuit board with
the components which make
up the computer’s processor
for a microcomputer, including
the:
• CPU (Central Processing
Unit)
• Memory
– RAM
– ROM or ROM BIOS
• expansion slots
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The Processor: The CPU
CPU (Central Processing Unit) = A complex collection of electronic
circuits on one or more integrated circuits (chips) which:
1. executes the instructions in a software program
2. communicates with other parts of the computer system, especially
RAM and input devices
The CPU is the computer!
30. Rick Graziani graziani@cabrillo.edu 30
Input Devices
• Enter information
into a computer
• Examples:
– Mouse
– Keyboard
– Trackball
– Touchpad
– Light pen
– Joystick
– Digital camera
– Microphone
– Bar code reader
– Scanner
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Output Devices
• Send information out from a PC
• Examples:
– Speakers
– Monitors
• Visual Display Unit (VDU), Cathode Ray Tube (CRT),
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), Light-Emitting Diode
(LED)
– Printers
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System Unit - Revisited
SYSTEM UNITINPUT OUTPUT
PERMANENT
STORAGE
System Unit:
• CPU (Central Processing Unit)
• Memory
– RAM
– ROM or ROM BIOS
• expansion slots
33. Rick Graziani graziani@cabrillo.edu 33
RAM (Random Access Memory)
RAM (Random Access Memory) = integrated circuits (chips) used to
temporarily store software (programs, instructions) and data
• “primary” storage for the CPU
• electronic switches, storing ON’s and OFF’s
Temporarily stores for the CPU:
• Software
– operating system software
– application software
• Data
– data (documents, spreadsheets, etc.)
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Inserting RAM
RAM is TEMPORARY memory
RAM is volatile
• stores ON and OFF bits (software and data) electrically
• when power goes off, everything in RAM is lost
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RAM: Speed
Why does the CPU use RAM?
• The CPU is very FAST!
• The CPU needs the instructions (software) and data as quickly as
possible
• If the CPU has to wait, so does the user
Why doesn’t the CPU use permanent storage like disk drives?
• Too slow
• EXAMPLE: Spellchecker
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RAM: Capacity
The amount of RAM determines:
• what software and data the user can work on
• how much software and data the user can work with
• Most computers have at least 256 MB (Megabytes, 256 million bytes)
“out of memory” error message from the Operating System
The more complex and sophisticated the software, the more instructions
that software contains, which means larger software files.
37. Rick Graziani graziani@cabrillo.edu 37
ROM (Read Only Memory)
ROM (Read Only Memory) = integrated circuits (microchips) that are used
to permanently store start-up (boot) instructions and other critical
information
Read Only = information which:
• Cannot be changed
• Cannot be removed
• Cannot be appended (added to)
• Fixed by manufacturer
38. Rick Graziani graziani@cabrillo.edu 38
ROM (Read Only Memory)
ROM is sometimes known as ROM BIOS (Basic Input Output System
software)
ROM permanently contains:
• start-up (boot) instructions
• instructions to do “low level” processing of input and output devices,
such as the communications with the keyboard and the monitor
Firmware = software program which is stored permanently on a
microchip, such as the software on the ROM chip
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Storage Devices
SYSTEM UNITINPUT OUTPUT
PERMANENT
STORAGE
• Storage Devices:
– Floppy disks
– CD-ROMs
– Hard disks
– Zip disks
– Tape drives
41. Rick Graziani graziani@cabrillo.edu 41
Floppy disks
• Store up to 1.44 MB of data
• Usually 3.5" square disks
• Removable
Write-Protect tab
(Open means “write
enabled”)
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Hard disks
• Fixed permanently in a hard disk
drive inside a system unit
• Used to store the operating
system, applications, and data
• Can not buy more expansion
(easily)
43. Rick Graziani graziani@cabrillo.edu 43
CD-ROMs
• Read-only memory devices
(but CD-R and CD-RW
discs are recordable)
• Store up to 650 MB of data
• Portable and can be used
on any computer that has a
CD-ROM drive
• CD-R (CD Recordable)
• CD-RW (CD Rewritable)
46. Rick Graziani graziani@cabrillo.edu 46
Tape drives
• Work like a tape recorder
• Vary in capacity and
access speed
• Relatively expensive
• Generally used to back up
data
• Good for “archiving”
information
• Types
– Cartridge (slowest)
– DAT (Digital Audio Tape)
48. Rick Graziani graziani@cabrillo.edu 48
Computer Performance
• CPU Speed
– Governed by a clock
– Measured in millions of
cycles per second, or
megahertz (MHz)
• 700 MHz means 700
million operations per
second
– Measured in billions of
cycles per second, or
megahertz (GHz)
• 1.133 MHz means 1
billion, 133 million
operations per second
50. Rick Graziani graziani@cabrillo.edu 50
Application Software
• Performs specific tasks:
– Word processing
– Calculations
– Information storage and
retrieval
– Accounting
• Cannot function without the
OS (Operating System)
• Written for a specific
operating system and
computer hardware.
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Operating System Software
• Loads automatically when
you switch on a computer
• Main roles:
– Controls hardware and
software
– Permits you to manage
files
– Acts as intermediary
between user and
applications
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Operating System Software
Software which manages the overall operation of the
computer system including:
• hardware (CPU, RAM, I/O)
• security
• system interface
• application interface
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Putting it altogether!
• Booting up the computer
• Creating and saving a word processing document
• Shutting down the computer
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RAM
0
256
MB
Hard Disk Drive
CPU
ROM
Operating System Software
Application Software
User data (information)
“The kernel”
MS Word
58. Computer Basics
CS 1 Introduction to Computers and Computer
Technology
Rick Graziani
Fall 2007